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    18 February 2018, Volume 22 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Menadione-7 induces the differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells in vitro
    Xu Bing, Liu Yuan
    2018, 22 (5):  657-661.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0431
    Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (1110KB) ( 134 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The current research on menadione 7 mainly focuses on its anti-osteoporosis effect, and its role in rat bone marrow stromal cells in vitro culture system is unclear.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of menadione-7 on the proliferation and differentiation of Bone marrow stromal cells, and to provide theoretical basis for the application of menadione-7 in bone tissue engineering.
    METHODS: Bone marrow stromal cells were obtained from rats by surgery. After cultured in vitro, bone marrow stromal cells were incubated in cell culture dishes. The proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells was induced by 10-6, 10-5 and 10-4 g/L menadione-7 and 100 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The corresponding absorbance value of bone marrow stromal cells was detected in each group. The levels of alkaline phosphatase and the number of calcium nodules in bone marrow stromal cells were detected at 2, 4, 6 and 8 days, and the mRNA expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin and Runx2 was detected at 4, 6 and 8 days.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow stromal cells induced by menadione-7 proliferated well, and the cell proliferation could be promoted by different concentrations of menadione-7 and bFGF (P < 0.05). More alkaline phosphatase and calcium nodules were expressed in menadione-7 groups than the control group. The mRNA expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin and Runx2 could be significantly up-regulated by 10-4 g/L menadione-7 (P < 0.05). To conclude, bone marrow stromal cells can be induced by menadione-7 into osteogenic differentiation and menadione-7 can be used as an inducer for seed cells in bone tissue engineering.

     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Genetic haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome: a 2-year follow-up visit of 21 cases
    Wan Ding-ming, Liu Yu-ye, Cao Wei-jie, Xing Hai-zhou, Xie Xin-sheng, Wang Dao, Zhang Su-ping, Li Li, Chen Xiao-na, Sun Lin-lin
    2018, 22 (5):  662-668.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0432
    Abstract ( 407 )   PDF (940KB) ( 155 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: In recent years, genetic haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation has been gradually improved, and haploid allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has become an important treatment choice for malignant hematopoietic disease. 
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of genetic haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome.
    METHODS: The clinical data of 21 myelodysplastic syndrome cases undergoing genetic haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Modified BU/CY+ATG administration was performed as a pretreatment strategy for haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, and the combined use of cyclosporine A+mycophenolate mofetil+short-range methotrexate±basiliximab was adopted to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The 21 cases were followed for an median of 333 days (22-1 222 days), with 76% (16/21) infection of granulocyte lack period, 100% (21/21) neutrophil reconstruction, the median implantation time of 12 days (7-17 days), 81% (17/21) platelet engraftment, and the median implantation time of 14 days (7-68 days). (2) The accumulative incidence of GVHD was 52.4% (11/21), including 29% (6/21) of acute GVHD and 24% (5/21) of chronic GVHD. The incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis was 38.1% (8/21). The recurrence rate after transplantation was 4.8% (1/21). (3) The 2-year non-relapse mortality was 48% (10/21), and the 2-year disease-free survival rate was 46.8%. These results show that in the absence of HLA-identical related donors and unrelated donor, genetic haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation is a safe, effective, feasible and alternative treatment option for myelodysplastic syndrome.

     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Icariin with different concentrations promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
    Wu Xi, Peng Rui
    2018, 22 (5):  669-674.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0433
    Abstract ( 360 )   PDF (4675KB) ( 272 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Icariin has been shown to have osteoprotective effects, but its feasibility as a growth factor in bone tissue engineering has not yet been determined.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different doses of icariin on osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and to explore the possible mechanisms involved.
    METHODS: The primary hBMSCs model was established. MTT method was adopted to select the optimal concentration range of icariin for the treatment of hBMSCs without obvious cytotoxicity, and within this range, four concentration groups (10-9, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6 mol/L) were graded to treat hBMSCs. Effects of icariin on the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs were confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and mineralized nodule formation. Expression levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix (OSX), ALP, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide (PDGFA) during osteogenic differentiation were detected by real-time PCR.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Treatment with icariin increased the activity of ALP and the number of calcified nodules in a concentration-dependent manner compared with the control group. (2) After treatment with 10-6 mol/L icariin, mRNA expressions of Runx2, OSX, ALP, BMP-2 and PDGFA were higher reative to those in the control group. That is to say, icariin can effectively promote the osteogenic differentiation hBMSCs, probably by enhancing the expression of osteogenesis-related genes.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Combination of hyaluronic acid and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promotes cardiac function after myocardial infarction
    Shang Qing-qing, Zhou Jian-ye, Li Kai, Sun Jia-kang, Meng Jian, Li Jun
    2018, 22 (5):  675-679.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0434
    Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (4783KB) ( 209 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The poor retention and survival of donor cells implanted into the myocardium limit the efficacy of cell therapy for myocardial infarction. Embedding cells in natural or synthetic biomaterials is a strategy to address this issue. 
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) encapsulated in hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel on cardiac function after myocardial infarction.
    METHODS: BMSCs from male Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and cultured, and then HA-encapsulated BMSCs were cultured in vitro in the three-dimensional manner. A model of myocardial infarction was made by cutting the anterior descending artery of female Sprague-Dawley rats. After 1 week, the model rats were screened by ultrasonic testing and then eligible ones were randomly divided into four groups: PBS group (n=8), HA group (n=8), BMSCs group (n=29), and HA-encapsulated BMSCs group (n=29). At 1 week after modeling, the model rats underwent the secondary thoracotomy and the implants were injected into the marginal zone and infarcted region in corresponding groups. The survival rate and apoptosis of implanted cells were examined at post-injection day 1, week 1 and week 2 by RT-PCR and TUNEL respectively. At post-injection week 4, changes of cardiac microstructure and function were evaluated by histological examination and echocardiography.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the BMSCs group, HA hydrogel significantly enhanced the survival rate and reduced the apoptotic rate of BMSCs at post-injection day 1 and week 2 (both P < 0.05). At post-injection week 4, the HA+BMSCs combined treatment yielded the best recovery of cardiac function (P < 0.05). To conclude, HA hydrogel can act as a vehicle for BMSCs delivery and improve the beneficial effects of implanted BMSCs in early myocardial repair (within 2 weeks after infarction) via enhancing cell retention and survival.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation inhibits apoptosis in the rat spinal cord injured by acrylamide
    Sun Jing-song, Zhou Xue-ying, Qu Shu-xian, Bu Tong-jing, Li Shuang-yue
    2018, 22 (5):  680-685.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0435
    Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (5086KB) ( 182 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Until now, there is no effective treatment for peripheral neuropathy caused by acrylamide. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new treatment methods.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the protection role and its mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) against acrylamide-induced intoxication in the spinal cords of rats. 
    METHODS: BMSCs were cultured by the whole bone marrow adherence method and identified by morphological observation and flow cytometry detection. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats, clean grade, were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 for each group): normal control group, acrylamide group and BMSCs transplantation group. The latter two groups received acrylamide by gavage, 50 mg/(kg•d), 5 days per week, for 2 weeks with an interval of 2 days. Then, in the BMSCs transplantation group, 3×106 BMSCs were transplanted by the caudal vein, 5 days per week, for 3 consecutive weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was utilized to observe the morphological changes of the spinal cord. Tunel assay was used to detect cell apoptosis. Western blot assay was adopted to detect the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the acrylamide-exposed rats, the damage to the structure was found in the spinal cords by morphological observation, which was significantly alleviated after BMSCs transplantation. The disturbed expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were also significantly inversed after BMSCs transplantation (P < 0.05). These results suggest that BMSCs transplantation can inhibit cell apoptosis in the spinal cords of acrylamide-intoxicated rats, probably by up-regulating expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulating expression of Bax.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Mild hypothermia with subarachnoid transplantation of neural stem cells to repair spinal cord injury in rats
    Zhang Jian-jun, Wang Dong, Shi Huan-chang, Yang Wei-shan, Wang Lin
    2018, 22 (5):  686-691.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0436
    Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (1902KB) ( 222 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that mild hypothermia therapy can regulate the apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs).
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of mild hypothermia therapy combined with subarachnoid NSCs transplantation on functional recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.
    METHODS: The 20 of 110 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected as sham group, and the remaining 90 rats were used to make spinal cord injury models using modified Allen’s method. After modeling, 80 successful models were randomized into SCI, mild hypothermia, NSCs, and combined groups (n=20 per group). Rats in the mild hypothermia group were placed onto an ice blanket at a temperature of (34.0±0.5) ℃ for 3 days. Rats in the NSCs group were raised at 37 ℃ and implanted with 1×104/L NSCs suspension (1 mL, once a day, for continuous 3 days) into the subarachnoid space at 6 hours after modeling. Rats in the combined group were given the combined treatment of mild hypothermia and NSCs transplantation. Motor functional assessment for the bilateral rat lower limbs was performed based on Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scoring and inclined plate test at 1, 3 days and 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after modeling. At 4 weeks after modeling, pathological detection by hematoxylin-eosin staining was done; RT-PCR was used to detect expression of Caspase-3, BCL-2 and Syn around the injured region; and electrophysiological recovery of the nerves was assessed based on somatosensory and motor evoked potentials. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Lower limb motor function of the rats was improved after NSCs transplantation, mild hypothermia therapy or their combined use, especially in the combined group. (2) At 4 weeks after modeling, there was significant reduced Caspase-3 and significantly increased Bcl-2 and Syn in the combined group compared with the SCI group (both P < 0.05). (3) At 4 weeks after modeling, cystic cavities in the spinal cord formed in the SCI group, became smaller in the NSCs and mild hypothermia groups, and almost disappeared in the combined group. (4) At 4 weeks after modeling, the latency of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials was shortest in the combined group, followed by the NSCs and mild hypothermia groups, and longest in the SCI group. A significant difference was found among groups (P < 0.05). The amplitudes of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were ranked as follows: combined group > NSCs group and mild hypothermia group > SCI group, and there was also a significant difference among groups (P < 0.05). In summary, the combined use of mild hypothermia and NSCs transplantation via the subarachnoid space can promote synaptic regeneration, reduce Caspase-3 mRNA expression, increase Bcl-2 and Syn mRNA expression, and improve motor and electrophysiological functions of the lower limbs in rats.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    3D-cultured umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of type 1 diabetes: therapeutic effects and immunomodulatory mechanism
    Liu Ke-na, Li Dong, Yang Guang-sheng
    2018, 22 (5):  692-697.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0437
    Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (1779KB) ( 192 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) can differentiate into islet beta cells for type 1 diabetes mellitus therapy; however, it is necessary to further improve the therapeutic effect and study its immunomodelatory mechanism.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect and immunomodulatory mechanism of 3D cultured UC-MSCs in type 1 diabetes mellitus mice.
    METHODS: UC-MSCs were separated by tissue-attached method and cultured in 3D system. Cell morphology was detected by scanning electron microscope and surface markers were assayed by flow cytometry. A mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus was made via injection of streptozotocin. Mice in stem cell transplantation group were given injection of UC-MSCs on the 7th day after modeling, and those in model group and control group were injected the same volume of normal saline. Fasting blood glucose level in each group was detected once a week, for continuous 4 weeks. Mouse spleen mononuclear cells suspension was prepared at the 30th day after injection, T cell subset changes were detected by flow cytometry, and expression levels of serum cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-2 and interferon-γ were measured by ELISA kits.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) UC-MSCs cultured in the 3D system grew well and highly expressed surface markers CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105. (2) The blood glucose level was reduced significantly at 2-4 weeks after stem cell injection, and there was a significant difference compared with the model group (P < 0.05). The blood glucose level in the 3D cultured stem cell transplantation group was lower than that in the 2D cultured stem cell transplantation group, and there was significant difference at the 4th week (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the model group, Th1 cell percentage declined, Th2 cell and Treg percentages increased significantly in the stem cell transplantation group  (P < 0.01); compared with the 2D cultured stem cell transplantation group, Th1 cell percentage declined, Th2 cell and Treg percentages increased significantly in the 3D cultured stem cell transplantation group (P < 0.05). (4) Compared with the model group, the levels of IL-2 and interferon-γ in the stem cell transplantation group decreased, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 increased significantly; compared with the 2D system stem cell transplantation group, the IL-2 level in 3D system stem cell transplantation group decreased, while the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 increased significantly (P < 0.05). These results indicate that 3D cultured stem cell transplantation in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mice has better curative effects than 2D cultured stem cell transplantation, and the possible mechanism may be related to upregulate Treg cells and maintain Th1/Th2 balance in the body. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Human amnion epithelial cell transplantation provides a local repair of liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice
    Liu Mo-ning, Zhang Yu-kun, Li Yan, Cao Gui-fang, Bai Li-heng
    2018, 22 (5):  698-703.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0438
    Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (4711KB) ( 173 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) have many merits that embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells do not have, such as no tumorigenicity, rich sources, easy to obtain, low immunogenicity and no medical ethics limit. Therefore, hAECs are expected to be important seed cells for clinical transplantation.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of hAECs transplantation labeled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) in a mouse model of liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride.
    METHODS: hAECs from the human amniotic membrane were collected using enzymatic digestion, and morphology of cells was observed. Expression of keratin 19 in hAECs was detected by immunocytochemistry. Model of liver damage was made in mice by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride. Then, CFSE-labeled hAECs were injected into the liver damage mice via tail vein. Histopathological changes and liver function in mice were observed at 7 and 30 days after transplantation, respectively.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The high-purity hAECs were successfully isolated, which expressed keratin 19 shown by immunocytochemical staining. Frozen sections of immunoflrorescence showed that hAECs could be moved to the damaged liver, and exhibited remarkable repair effects on the liver function and histopathology in mice. These findings indicate that hAECs can be used for xenotransplantation and function to promote physiological recovery from liver injury, thereby providing experimental evidence for liver repair with cell transplantation.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Co-transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells and hepatocyte stem cells launches a counterattack against liver fibrosis in rats
    Guo Can-can, Lan Ling, Liu-ran, Qin Ling-yun, Liu Bo-wei, Xu Meng-yang
    2018, 22 (5):  704-709.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0439
    Abstract ( 366 )   PDF (5034KB) ( 152 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: At present, the transplantation of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) or bone marrow-derived hepatocyte stem cells (BDHSCs) is common in the treatment of liver fibrosis, but the combined treatment for liver fibrosis is rarely reported. Combined transplantation of BM-EPCs possessing the function of angiogenesis and BDHSCs possessing the function of hepatocyte regeneration might play a dual anti-fibrosis role.
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reversal effect on liver fibrosis by the combined transplantation of BM-EPCs and BDHSCs in rats.
    METHODS: The liver fibrosis rat models were induced with CCl4 subcutaneous injections for 6 weeks. BM-EPCs of rats with liver fibrosis were obtained by culture induction in vitro. BDHSCs of rats with liver fibrosis were obtained by magnetic bead cell sorting. BM-EPCs and/or BDHSCs were transplanted into liver fibrosis rats via the tail vein and branch of the portal vein, and then the effects of BDHSCs transplantatiron on liver fibrosis and liver function were observed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Masson staining results showed transplantations of BDHSCs and BM-EPCs, alone or both, could suppress the formation of collagen fibers. However, the staging scores of liver fibrosis showed that only the combined transplantation of BM-EPCs and BDHSCs could significantly improve liver fibrosis, which was significantly different from the model group (1.75±0.25 vs. 3.00±0.19, P < 0.05). (2) The liver biochemical assay in the blood showed that the levels of all five parameters of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time in the BM-EPCs/BDHSCs group were significantly improved to be equivalent to normal levels, compared with those in the model group (P < 0.05). To conclude, it is an effective treatment for liver fibrosis by the co-transplantation of BM-EPCs and BDHSCs. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Intrasplenic co-transplantation of fetal hepatic progenitor cells and transforming growth factor beta 1 induced hepatic stellate cells ameliorates acute liver injury
    Aimaiti Yasen, Jin Xin, Chen Zi-xin, Li De-wei
    2018, 22 (5):  710-716.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0440
    Abstract ( 247 )   PDF (7131KB) ( 129 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Difficulty in long-time survival and continuous proliferation is the main problem for transplanted fetal hepatic progenitor cells and co-transplantation with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced hepatic stellate cells may be a promising way to solve this scientific obstacle.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effects of co-transplantation of fetal hepatic progenitor cells and TGF-β1-induced hepatic stellate cells on acute liver injury in mice. 
    METHODS: Over-expression vector pHBLV-CMVIE-TGF-β1 was infected to mouse hepatic stellate cells and transfection efficiency was detected by immunocytochemistory, western blot and qRT-PCR. Hepatic progenitor cells, mHPCs-E14.5, were cultured and identified by immunofluorescence in vitro. The mouse model of acute liver injury was established by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 in combination with 2/3 partial hepatectomy, followed by mHPCs-E14.5 transplantation, co-transplantation of mHPCs-E14.5 and mHSCs-pHBLV-CMVIE-TGF-β1 (experimental co-transplantation group) or co-transplantation of mHPCs-E14.5 and mHSCs-pHBLV-CMVIE-GFP (control co-transplantation group) for cell transplantation assay. Confocal immunofluorescence staining against CK19, ALB, a-SMA was performed to analyze the engraftment and differentiation of transplanted cells in the splenic parenchyma 14 days post-transplantation; serum alanine transferase and aspartate transferase levels were monitored using an automatic biochemistry analyzer. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A hepatic stellate cell line that over-expressing TGF-β1 was successfully established and expression levels of TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin were efficiently up-regulated in the over-expression group (P < 0.01). (2) mHPCs-E14.5 expressed massive AFP and low levels of ALB and CK19, confirming that this cell line was in complete conformity with fetal hepatic progenitor cells in vitro. (3) CK19 and ALB positive cells existed in the splenic parenchyma in mHPCs-E14.5 transplantation group. Highly expressed ALB but less expressed α-SMA and CK19 were observed in the control co-transplantation group, while massive CK19 and a-SMA positive cells as well as less level of ALB positive cells existed in the experimental co-transplantation group. Serum alanine transferase and aspartate transferase levels were decreased remarkably after cell transplantation, and moreover, the decrease was more obvious in the experimental co-transplantation group (P < 0.05). Overall, transplanted fetal hepatic progenitor cells engraft and differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes in the splenic parechyma successfully in vivo. Importantly, hepatic stellate cells induced by TGF-β1 promote the differentiation of fetal hepatic progenitor cells into cholangiocytes and accelerate recovery from CCl4/partial hepatectomy induced acute liver injury. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Transurethral injection of autologous adipose-derived stem cells for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy
    Mo Fei, Shen Hong-chun, Xu Ya-hong, Li Jian, Zhao Qi-hua, Luo Shun-wen, Lu Yi, Liu Yang, Jia Zhi-gang
    2018, 22 (5):  717-722.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0441
    Abstract ( 391 )   PDF (1113KB) ( 186 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Until now, there are no reliable methods for the treatment of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. Some limitations exist in drug therapy, mid-urethral suspension, and filling agent treatment. Therefore, the use of autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is expected to become a first-line treatment strategy for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. 
    OBJECTIVE: To report our initial experience with transurethral injection of autologous ADSCs for the treatment of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.
    METHODS: Patients and their families were informed of possible risks and benefits prior to the participation in the trial. After providing written informed consent, six patients with persistent urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy were enrolled in the study. Under general anesthesia, about 50 mL of adipose tissue was obtained from each patient by liposuction. ADSCs were obtained by separation with centrifugation using the Celution cell-processing device. A mixture of ADSCs and adipose tissue was transurethrally injected into the submucosal space of the membranous urethra. Functional and anatomical improvement was assessed through a 24-hour pad test, validated patient questionnaire, urethral pressure profile, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) through 12-week follow-up.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Urine leakage volume was improved with time in all patients in the 24-hour pad test, with the exemption of temporal deterioration in two patients at the first 2 weeks post-injection. Subjective symptoms and quality of life assessed on the basis of questionnaire results showed similar improvement. The mean maximum urethral closing pressure increased from 4.312 kPa to 6.223 kPa at 12 weeks after cell injection. MRI results showed an increase in functional profile length (from 6.1 to 8.3 mm) between the lower rim of the pubic bone and the bladder neck. Adverse events, such as pelvic pain, inflammation, or de novo urgency, were undetected in any case during the follow-up. To conclude, the transurethral injection of autologous ADSCs can be a safe and effective treatment for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Growth and proliferation of human urine derived stem cells in three kinds of culture media
    Hamulati Tusong, Zhao Chang-hui, Maimaitiaili Maituoheti, Ma Jun, Wang Feng, Mulati Rexiati
    2018, 22 (5):  723-728.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0442
    Abstract ( 429 )   PDF (1516KB) ( 179 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Little is reported on human urine derived stem cells, and there is still no stable and efficient culture method until now.
    OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of three kinds of culture media on the growth and proliferation of human urine derived stem cells, and to optimize the culture methods.
    METHODS: Human urine derived stem cells were isolated and purified using centrifugation method, and then cultured using adherent method in keratinocyte serum-free medium, progenitor cell culture medium, and urinary 
    cell culture medium (equal-proportion mixture of keratinocyte serum-free medium and progenitor cell culture medium). Cell morphology was observed, and cell proliferation was detected by MTT method to draw a cell growth curve.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human urine derived stem cells could be successfully cultured in these three kinds of culture media, which grew slowly in the keratinocyte serum-free medium, grew rapidly in the progenitor cell culture medium, and grew best in the urinary cell culture medium. To conclude, the urinary cell culture medium which can rapidly and efficiently culture target cells is the best choice for the growth of human urine derived stem cells.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Tripterygium wilfordii polysaccharide induces differentiation of pancreatic stem cells into islet-like cell clusters
    Cen Yan-hui, Li Zhong-hua, Jia Wei, Yang Rui, Bao Juan, He Guo-zhen, Wu Xiao-jun, Zhong Jing, Deng Hui-feng, Shi Lei
    2018, 22 (5):  729-735.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0443
    Abstract ( 227 )   PDF (7812KB) ( 150 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Inadequate sources of islet cells mean that islet cell transplantation for diabetes cannot meet the clinical demand. Therefore, in vitro induction of pancreatic stem cells to differentiate into islets has become a focus of research.

    OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Tripterygium wilfordii polysaccharides on the differentiation of pancreatic stem cells from islets in mice, so as to explore the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on the differentiation of pancreatic stem cells into pancreatic beta cells.
    METHODS: Tripterygium wilfordii polysaccharide was used to induce the differentiation of purified mouse pancreatic stem cells into islets in vitro. The islet-like cell clusters then underwent morphologic observation, dithizone (DTZ) staining, and western blot analysis.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cell morphology, cell growth characteristics and immunocytochemical staining showed that mouse pancreatic stem cells were obtained. They were induced by Tripterygium wilfordii polysaccharide into spherical islet-like structures, which had a spindly pedicle connected with the bottom of the culture flask, and were DTZ-stained to iron red. Western blot assay detected β-cytokine proteins in the islet-like cell clusters. These findings confirm that mouse pancreatic stem cells can be induced to differentiate into islet-like cell clusters containing β cells in vitro by Tripterygium wilfordii polysaccharide. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程
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    Effects of morinda officinalis oligosaccharide on the proliferation, differentiation and paracrine of vascular endothelial progenitor cells
    Feng Ya-li, He Hong-tao, Miao Hua-wei, Duan Hui-jie, Dong Yan-ping, Geng Bin, Zhang Tie-jun
    2018, 22 (5):  736-741.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0444
    Abstract ( 367 )   PDF (4806KB) ( 213 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Morinda officinalis oligosaccharide is the main active ingredient of morinda officinalis extract, which can promote the angiogenesis of ischemic tissue, but the mechanism is unknown. At present, there are two ways for endothelial repair: vascular endothelial cell division or differentiation from vascular endothelial progenitor cells in the peripheral blood. Here, we attempted to explain the pro-angiogenesis mechanism of morinda officinalis oligosaccharide by exploring whether there is a correlation between morinda officinalis oligosaccharide and the biological function of vascular endothelial progenitor cells, thereby providing experimental reference for new drug development.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of morindae officinalis oligosaccharide on the proliferation, differentiation and paracrine of vascular endothelial progenitor cells.
    METHODS: Vascular endothelial progenitor cells were isolated from healthy human peripheral blood, and divided into two groups: control group (without morindae officinalis oligosaccharide) and experimental group (with 0.15 g/L morindae officinalis oligosaccharide), followed by 48 hours of in vitro culture. The proliferation of vascular endothelial progenitor cells was tested by fluorescent staining; the ratio of vascular endothelial progenitor cells expressing CD31 was detected by flow cytometry; and the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, stromal cell-derived factor 1 and interleukin 8 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent method.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The percentage of vascular endothelial cells expressing CD34, CD133 or VEGFR- 2 was (84.72±4.34)%. After 48 hours of culture by 0.15 g/L morindae officinalis oligosaccharide, the proliferation rate and the positive expression of CD31 in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, stromal cell-derived factor 1 and interleukin 8 in the experimental group were also higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). To conclude, morindae officinalis oligosaccharide can promote the proliferation and differentiation of vascular endothelial progenitor cells, and meanwhile, it can stimulate the release of vascular endothelial growth factor, stromal cell-derived factor 1 and interleukin 8 from vascular endothelial progenitor cells through the paracrine pathway. Consequently, it is a potential drug for myocardial ischemic diseases.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Biocompatibility of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells with human acellular amniotic membrane scaffold
    Yang Ji-bin, Zhu Xi-zhong, Xiong Hua-zhang, Li Yu-wan, Jin Ying, Liu Yi
    2018, 22 (5):  742-747.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0445
    Abstract ( 342 )   PDF (4739KB) ( 200 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is commonly seen, and mainly treated with ACL reconstruction. Ligament tissue engineering treatment for ACL injury has become the current focus due to the extensive use of tissue engineering techniques in clinical practice.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) and human acellular amniotic membrane (HAAM) scaffolds in vitro.
    METHODS: hAMSCs were isolated using enzyme digestion and then identified. The fresh human amniotic membrane was subjected to decellularization using enzymatic digestion and chemical decontamination. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence were used to detect the removal of cell components and destruction of the extracellular matrix. hAMSCs were cultured with HAAM extract (experimental group) and normal L-DMEM/F12 medium (control group). Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8. Cell adhesion and growth were observed by scanning electron microscope and inverted microscope at 14 days after co-culture with HAAM.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: hAMSCs exhibited a spiral, adherent growth under the inverted phase contrast microscope; and the cells highly expressed vimentin and lowly expressed CK-19, with osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic potential. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that human acellular amniotic epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells were completely removed and the extracellular matrix had no obvious damage. Immunofluorescence staining showed positive expression of type I collagen and type III collagen. The HAAM extract had no cytotoxicity to hAMSCs and exerted no effect on its proliferative activity. HAAM could promote the proliferation and adhesion of hAMSCs after incubation under the inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope. These findings indicate that HAAM has good biocompatibility and is favorable for the proliferation of hAMSCs.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Effect of cold storage time on cellular viability of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
    Yan Shan-shan, Li Yi-jia, Chen Xi, Liu Li-jun
    2018, 22 (5):  748-753.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0446
    Abstract ( 463 )   PDF (5111KB) ( 241 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: With the in-depth basic research and clinical research on mesenchymal stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells have wide clinical prospects. However, little is reported on the temporary storage conditions and refusion time of mesenchymal stem cells.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of cold storage time on the cell mass and viability of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.
    METHODS: Frozen-thawed and unfrozen umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were prepared and stored at 0-4 ℃. The cell viable cell rate, cell doubling time and colony forming efficiency were detected after 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours.
     RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Unfrozen cells could maintain the cell biological activity at 0-4 ℃ until dead cells appeared with the  presence of decreased cell viability at 12 hours after storage. Frozen-thawed cells were unable to be stored at 0-4 ℃ for a long time, and cells began to die and the cell viability was weakened at 6 hours after storage. These findings indicate that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells should be injected into patients within 6 or 12 hours after preparation, to ensure the best therapeutic effects. If there is a longer transport distance, it is preferred to use unfrozen mesenchymal stem cells. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Effect of primary tooth root resorption on the isolation of dental pulp stem cells from primary teeth
    Zou Zhi-qun, Yang Xiao-yu, Zhao Xiu-lan, Ma Yu-shi, Sun Jing-chen
    2018, 22 (5):  754-759.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0447
    Abstract ( 392 )   PDF (1315KB) ( 180 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells are derived from a variety of tissues, such as bone marrow, pulp, placenta, umbilical cord and adipose tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells from deciduous pulp have strong stemness and biological activity, no rejection, and strong immunoregulation, which are one of excellent cell sources for biotherapy. It is easy and suitable for large-scale production of mesenchymal stem cells from deciduous pulp, thereby laying a good foundation for the industrialization of dental pulp stem cells.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of primary tooth root resorption on the isolation and expansion of dental pulp stem cells, in order to further determine the proper period for tooth extraction for pulp stem cell isolation.
    METHODS: Totally 173 primary teeth from 173 pupils aged 7-9 years were extracted for the isolation and expansion of dental pulp stem cells. Before tooth extraction, we took X-ray periapical film or orthopantomography of the primary teeth, in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) professional inspection standard. Root resorption in primary teeth could be divided into five kinds: root resorption 1/3, root resorption 1/2, root resorption 2/3, complete root resorption, and natural loss of primary teeth. Collected teeth after tooth extraction were placed into a medium within 7 seconds, and stored at in a refrigerator of 2-4 ℃. Then, the teeth were sent to the Oral Stem Cell Bank in Beijing within 24 hours by a professional cold-chain logistics for the isolation, expansion and preservation of dental pulp stem cells. Statistical analysis of the test results was performed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For 32 primary teeth with root resorption 1/3, dental pulp stem cells were successfully extracted from 30 teeth, with a success rate of 94%, and ectopic eruption of permanent teeth was found in 12 cases, with an average eruption time of (2.19±0.18) months. For 35 primary teeth with root resorption 1/2, dental pulp stem cells were successfully extracted from 32 teeth, with a success rate of 92%, and ectopic eruption of permanent teeth was found in 11 cases, with an average eruption time of (1.89±0.13) months. For 59 primary teeth with root resorption 2/3, dental pulp stem cells were successfully extracted from 54 teeth, with a success rate of 92%, and ectopic eruption of permanent teeth was found in 8 cases, with an average eruption time of (1.42±0.12) months. For 37 primary teeth with complete root resorption (the bottom of the pulp was intact), dental pulp stem cells were successfully extracted from 34 teeth, with a success rate of 92%, and ectopic eruption of permanent teeth was found in 2 cases, with an average eruption time of (1.03±0.15) months. For 10 naturally exfoliated primary teeth, dental pulp stem cells were not extracted, and ectopic eruption of permanent teeth was found in 4 cases, with an average eruption time of (0.65±0.23) months. To conclude, the primary teeth naturally exfoliated have no dental pulp with no stem cells; the success rate of extraction is relatively high in primary teeth that have mobility I-II, root resorption 2/3 or complete root resorption but with the complete bottom of the pulp. Moreover, it has no effect on permanent tooth eruption, and it is the best time for collection of primary teeth.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation improves the prognosis of ischemic stroke: a Meta-analysis
    Xu Fan, Lei Ming, Long Long, Gong Qi-hai, Gao Jian-mei
    2018, 22 (5):  760-765.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0448
    Abstract ( 340 )   PDF (1165KB) ( 164 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been gradually developed to improve the prognosis of cerebral infarction and its sequelae in clinical trials, which has been identified as effective and safe. A small sample size, however, results in the lack of evidence-based medical evidence.
    OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the efficacy of MSC transplantation on the prognosis of cerebral infarction. 
    METHODS: In order to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of MSC transplantation for the prognosis of cerebral infarction, we searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, Ovid, CBM, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP Data from its inception to November 2016. Articles addressing MSCs transplantation alone or with conventional drug treatment and/or rehabilitation training versus conventional drug treatment alone or with rehabilitation training were included. Two authors independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Thereafter, qualitative description and Meta-analysis were performed. 
    RESLUTS AND CONCLUSION: Ten RCTs involving 626 cerebral infarction patients were included in the Meta-analysis. The results showed that the MSCs group was superior to the control group with statistical significance in the daily life ability (Barthel index) [MD=20.06, 95%CI(9.95, 30.18), P=0.000 1], motor function (Fugl-Meyer scale) [MD=14.60, 95%CI(12.96, 16.25), P < 0.000 01], personal disability (functional independent measure) [MD=15.16, 95%CI(9.06, 21.26), P < 0.000 01] and neurological deficit score (National Institute of Health stroke scale) [MD=-2.59, 95%CI(-3.14,-2.05), P < 0.000 01]. Low fever and mild headache were reported by four included studies, and waist pain was only by one study, but these symptoms went away by themselves or after symptomatic treatment. Subgroup analysis suggested that MSCs from the bone marrow were superior to those from the umbilical cord and cord blood, but showed a greater heterogeneity. It is suggested that the MSC transplantation ameliorate the prognosis in patients with cerebral infarction, significantly improve the activities of daily living, motor function, personal disability and neurological function, with no presence of serious adverse effects. However, high-quality studies with large sample size are required for further investigation on the clinical application of MSC transplantation.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Stem cell models for commercialization
    Ke Min-xia, Ji Meng, Wang Hao, Hong Dan-ping, Wu Yue-hong, Qi Nian-min
    2018, 22 (5):  766-773.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0449
    Abstract ( 555 )   PDF (1352KB) ( 246 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Stem cells are the potentially immortal cells capable of self-renewal, which are essential to the mystery of human development and aging, and are also the core of research for regenerative medicine.
    OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biological characteristics of embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, to review the clinical and commercial applications in stem cell therapy and drug screening, and to analyze the problems and prospects in stem cell industry.
    METHODS: We searched relevant articles about stem cell models in PubMed and CNKI databases during 1995 to 2017 on internet, and took “stem cells, embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, stem cell therapy, drug screening” as the keywords in English and Chinese, respectively.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: According to the origin, stem cell models are divided into three types: embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Different types of stem cells have their unique biological advantages. Embryonic stem cells can generate all somatic cell types, but the application is limited by ethical disputes. As for adult stem cells, there are the most extensive and in-depth, studies as the well as the most prevalent and mature applications. Induced pluripotent stem cells have similar characteristics as embryonic stem cells, and furthermore their use avoids source restriction, moral and ethical controversies, bringing new opportunities for stem cell application. Stem cell-based cell therapy has shown successful achievement. There have been a few commercial products about adult stem cells-based cell therapy; in the meanwhile both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are making their way into clinical trials. In addition, pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for the specific drug screening because they enable scientists to establish a variety of cell and disease models in vitro.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Strategies for promoting the differentiation of cardiac stem cells into cardiomyocytes
    Wang Lei, Chen Xu-xiang, Wu Quan-hua, Wu Hao, Long Hui-bao, Hou Jing-ying, Wang Tong
    2018, 22 (5):  774-780.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0450
    Abstract ( 424 )   PDF (1122KB) ( 151 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: In recent years, it has shown that there exist some endogenous cardiac stem cells in the heart. What has been confirmed is that this kind of cells can differentiate into cardiomyocytes to repair the damaged myocardium and improve the cardiac function.
    OBJECTIVE: To review the current methods of promoting the differentiation of cardiac stem cells into cardiomyocytes.
    METHODS: PubMed database was searched by computer for articles addressing the differentiation of cardiac stem cells in the last 10 years, using the keywords of “cardiac stem cells, cardiac progenitor cells, differentiation”. Finally, 64 English articles were included in result analysis.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Recent studies have shown that the differentiation efficiency of cardiac stem cells can be promoted in vivo by introducing cytokines, micro-RNA, and some physicochemical methods, which consequently enhances the therapeutic efficacy of cardiac stem cell transplantation for myocardial infarction. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    A feasible study of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells for prevention and treatment of amniotic fluid embolism
    Zhang Li, Wang Yu-dan, Xie Cheng-ming, Yu Jian
    2018, 22 (5):  781-786.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0451
    Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (3545KB) ( 145 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Currently, there are two difficult problems concerning amniotic fluid embolism. One is to find out the specific indicators for diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism and the other is to prevent and treat amniotic fluid embolism. However, there are yet no effective treatments, and symptomatic treatment for clinical manifestations is the only treatment for amniotic fluid embolism, which has poor outcomes and leads to a high mortality rate.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells to prevent and treat amniotic fluid embolism. 
    METHODS: CNKI and PubMed data bases were searched for relevant articles with the key words of “amniotic fluid embolism, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells” in Chinese and English, respectively. And finally 43 articles were included and summarized.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: From the point of view of the pathogenesis of immune inflammatory reaction of amniotic fluid embolism, the immunology of pregnancy is related to transplantation biology. It is theoretically suggested that human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells can prevent and treat amniotic fluid embolism, regulate the immune system of the puerpera with amniotic fluid embolism, and reduce acute lung injury caused by amniotic fluid embolism. This method provides a new perspective for research on the prevention and treatment of amniotic fluid embolism.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Stem cell repair of intrauterine adhesions: preliminary achievements and clinical translation
    Zhan Xin-lu, Zhou Meng-ni, Tan Bu-zhen
    2018, 22 (5):  787-792.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0452
    Abstract ( 513 )   PDF (1188KB) ( 193 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Stem cells exhibit immeasurable application potentials in tissue and organ repair, but stem cell transplantation for the treatment of intrauterine adhesions is still in the initial stage.
    OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in the stem cell repair of intrauterine adhesions.
    METHODS: We retrieved ISI Web of Science database, PubMed database and CNKI database for representative clinical research, basic research and reviews concerning stem cell therapy for intrauterine adhesions. The keywords were "intrauterine adhesion, metrosynizesis, Asherman's syndrome, stem cell, endometrial stem cell, stem cell transplantation” in English and Chinese, respectively. After repetitive studies were excluded, 43 articles were reviewed in the result analysis.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopic transcervical resection of adhesions is an ideal treatment for intrauterine adhesions, but the postoperative recurrence rate of intrauterine adhesions is still high. The human endometrium has high proliferative activity, and the endometrium of a woman of childbearing age may experience growth, differentiation and exfoliation for over 400 times, indicating the existence of endometrial stem cells. Endometrial stem cells have been isolated from the endometrium, successfully cultured in vitro and induced for directional differentiation. However, studies on endometrial stem cell transplantation for intrauterine adhesions are still in its infancy. Basic research on stem cells will facilitate its application to clinical practice. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Human Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells: advances and prospects in directional differentiation
    Shi Qin, Yang Xiao-qing, Zhang Yu-quan
    2018, 22 (5):  793-800.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0453
    Abstract ( 514 )   PDF (1324KB) ( 250 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: In recent years, because of its wide range of sources, easy access, strong self-renewal capacity, multi-directional differentiation potential, low immunogenicity and low ethical controversy and other characteristics, human Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells have become popular seed cells in regenerative medicine.
    OBJECTIVE: To review the advances in directional differentiation of human Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells in recent five years.
    METHODS: The PubMed and CNKI databases were searched by the first author using the keywords of “Wharton Jelly derived mesenchymal stem cell, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell, differentiation” in English and Chinese, respectively. The retrieval time was from January 2012 to January 2017. After initial search, 120 articles were collected, and 46 articles were included in final analysis.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Up to now, there are more than 18 types of cells that have been differentiated from Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In recent 5 years, some studies have improved the previous induction method, some studies have developed the new directional differentiation of Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and the others have explored the involved signal pathways and relevant molecular mechanisms. Differentiated Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be used for human tissue regeneration and repair, which give hope to the treatment of many refractory diseases.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Stem cell-derived exosomes in regenerative medicine: research progress and applications
    Zhang En-guo, Chen Shang-ya, Yang Ye, Du Zhong-jun, Shao Hua
    2018, 22 (5):  801-806.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0454
    Abstract ( 460 )   PDF (1139KB) ( 297 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: As an emerging cell therapy, stem cell therapy has gradually attracted the attention of researchers in the field of medicine. The mechanisms of stem cell therapy mainly include differentiation and paracrine mechanisms. In recent years, with the further research, people gradually put attention to paracrine mechanisms, especially after the discovery of the great protective potential of stem cell-derived exosomes which can provide a powerful repair tool for the "acellular" treatment of regenerative medicine.
    OBJECTIVE: To review the repair, protection and possible biological mechanisms of stem cell-derived exosomes in various disease damage models.
    METHODS: The literature search was performed in PubMed, CNKI and WanFang databases, and the keywords were “stem cell-derived exosomes, exosome, regenerative medicine” in English and Chinese, respectively. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 articles were finally reviewed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stem cell-derived exosomes show outstanding ability to repair and protect many diseases, such as cardiovascular system, traumatic brain injury, musculoskeletal system, liver damage, renal injury, and so on. Although most studies have yet to report their detailed molecular mechanisms of action, stem cell-derived exosomes are expected to become a new "acellular" approach for the repair and protection of organism damage. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Microenvironmental cues influence the reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells
    Chen Zhong-yao, Cao Ze-yu, Huang Yan, Ji Jing, Chen Xiao-fang
    2018, 22 (5):  807-814.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0455
    Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (1419KB) ( 136 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Induced pluripotent stem cells hold enormous potential as a tool to generate cells for disease therapy and modeling. However, the lower efficiency of cell reprogramming using exogenous transcription factors limits the clinical use of induced pluripotent stem cells. Recent studies have indicated that microenvironmental cues can promote the production of pluripotent cells. Further summarization on these reports will provide new strategies to enhance the safety and efficiency of the reprogramming technology.
    OBJECTIVE: To summarize the effect of microenvironmental cues on the reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells and the maintenance of pluripotency.
    METHODS: Scientific papers from 2006 to present included in Web of Science were searched by the first author. Eighty papers focusing on the effect of microenvironmental cues on the reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells and the maintenance of pluripotency were included.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cell-matrix interaction and cell-cell adhesion regulate gene expression and have effects on the epigenetic states of the chromatin through a direct connection between actin cytoskeletons and the nuclear membrane; thus, manipulation of the cell-matrix interaction and cell-cell adhesion can improve the induction of pluripotency. In addition, other environmental factors including hypoxia, dynamic culture and electrical stimulation can also promote cell reprogramming.  

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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    Effects of extracellular matrix stiffness and thickness on cell growth
    Li Shan, Liu Xiao-yi, Sun Yan, Zhao Feng, He Jing-wen
    2018, 22 (5):  815-820.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0456
    Abstract ( 446 )   PDF (363KB) ( 675 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The mechanical properties of extracellular matrix can affect cell spreading, proliferation and differentiation. It is of extremely vital significance for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
    OBJECTIVE: To summarize the progress of matrix mechanical properties influences on cell growth and to analyze if there is a relationship between matrix thickness and stiffness, in order to provide experimental methods for functional tissue construction in vitro.
    METHODS: The author performed a data retrieval of PubMed and Bailianyun databases from 1988 to 2016 to search the articles addressing the influence of extracellular matrix mechanical properties on cell growth, and systematically reviewed the literatures.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 254 references were retrieved, and 43 articles were finally involved in the result analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After summarizing and analyzing, it is found that the structure and function of cells adhering to the matrix are related to the extracellular environment. In vitro simulation experiments have shown that the increasing of matrix stiffness can change the cell morphology, increase the spreading area and proliferation rate, and can also influence the cell differentiation. When the matrix thickness is in a certain range, cells can sense the change of matrix thickness. When the matrix thickness is out of range, cells cannot perceive the matrix thickness. Matrix stiffness and cross-linking degree have certain effects on the cells, and the matrix thickness ranges from several microns to 60 microns, which is associated with the horizontal size of seeded cells.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

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