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08 February 2018, Volume 22 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Molecular mechanism of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis Zhang Lei1, Zeng Gao-feng1, Zong Shao-hui2, Wu Ping-ping1, He Ji-chen2, Wu Yun-le2, Yan Fang-na1, Qin Zhong-xi2, Huang Jian-hua2 2018, 22 (4):  493-498.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0079 Abstract ( 411 )   PDF (1254KB) ( 180 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) exhibits anti-osteoporosis effect, but its therapeutic effect in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats and the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of administration of PSP on the bone microstructure, bone mineral density as well as osteoblast- and osteoclast-related gene expression in rats. METHODS: Twenty-five infertile female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 months were randomly allotted into five groups (n=5 per group): sham operation (same volume normal saline), model, zoledronate (0.2 mg/kg•d), high-dose PSP (800 mg/kg•d) and medium-dose PSP         (400 mg/kg•d) groups. All rats were subjected to ovariectomy except sham operation group. The administration was intragastrically given every 2 days beginning at 7 days after modeling and lasted 12 weeks. Then, the rats were sacrificed, and the uterus was weighed. The bilateral tibias were removed, one side for histomorphometric analysis by micro-CT, and the other one for RNA detection by qualified PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham operation group, the rat body mass in the model group was significantly increased and the weight of uterus was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, zoledronate and high-dose PSP could significantly alleviate the excessive increase in body mass (P < 0.05). The bone mineral density in the model group was decreased by 63% compared with the sham operation group (P < 0.01), Compared with the model group, after 12-week high-dose PSP and zoledronate administration, the bone mineral density was increased by 44% and 38%, respectively (P < 0.01); the trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular number rose significantly (P < 0.05), while the trabecular separation decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In vivo, PSP could significantly promote the expression levels of osteoblast-related genes (alkaline phosphatase, RUNX2, Col1a1 and osteocalcin), and significantly inhibit the expression levels of osteoblast-related genes (ACP5 and CTSK) (P < 0.05). These results imply that high-dose PSP can reduce bone loss and decrease of bone mineral density, improve the destruction of bone microstructure, as well as promote osteoblast-related genes but inhibit osteoclast-related gene mRNA expression in the ovariectomized rats. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation analysis of the bone mass and nutritional status of 30-49-year-old female teachers in Guangzhou Deng Hong 2018, 22 (4):  499-504.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0080 Abstract ( 444 )   PDF (997KB) ( 146 )   Save BACKGROUND: Female teachers aged 30-49 years old are the backbone of the school teaching and management. However, the occupation stress, family burden and other factors may lead to their physiological and psychological disorders. Moreover, the age of 30-49 years is an important period that the female indicators begin to decrease, so their nutritional status, blood pressure and bone status should be paid more attention. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bone mass and nutritional status of female teachers aged 30-49 years old in Guangzhou, thus providing scientific advice for exercise plan. METHODS: Totally 226 healthy female teachers aged 30-49 years old were selected, and their body shape  indexes, blood pressure and bone density were tested to analyze the correlation of age, height, body mass, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure and bone density. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In 30-49-year old female teachers, the malnutrition rate decreased with aging, while the prevalence of overweight and obesity significantly increased with aging (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the blood pressure was positively correlated with age, height, body mass, body mass index, waist-hip ratio and body fat percentage (P < 0.01), but the bone density was little affected by all above indexes (P > 0.05). Beside, the prevalence of osteoporosis in the 30-34 years old group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.01). These results indicate that female teachers aged 30-49 years in Guangzhou exhibit a reduction in the malnutrition rate but an increase in the risk of obesity and prevalence of hypertension with aging. However, age at onset of osteoporosis tends to be younger in patients. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Icariin promotes the proliferation of human periosteum cells and the underlying mechanism Li Hong-ming1, Gao Yuan1, Hu Xiao-xiong2 2018, 22 (4):  505-509.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0081 Abstract ( 368 )   PDF (1267KB) ( 159 )   Save BACKGROUND: Periosteal cells are precursors of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Some studies have reported that bone morphogenetic protein-7 can be used to induce periosteal cell proliferation, but limited by the high cost. Phytoestrogen icariin-induced periosteal cell proliferation has provided a new direction for tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of icariin on the proliferation of human periosteum cells and to analyze the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Human periosteal cells were cultured in vitro and seeded to the 24-well plate with the concentration of 103/well after third passage. Cell proliferation test: the cells were cultured in the cell culture medium (control group), or the culture medium containing different concentrations of icariin (10-1, 10-2 and 10-3 mg/L). Proliferation mechanism test: the cells were cultured in the cell culture medium (control group), or the culture medium containing different concentrations of icariin (10-1, 10-2 and 10-3 mg/L) plus estrogen receptor antagonist ICI182.780. The cell proliferation in each test was detected by MTT assay at 1, 2 and 3 days of culture. The effects of different concentrations of icariin on the levels of estrogen receptor α and β proteins in the periosteal cells were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The proliferation of human periosteum cells in vitro was successful, and icariin with the concentrations of 10-1, 10-2 and 10-3 mg/L could significantly the cell proliferation (P < 0.05). However, this effect was blocked after ICI182780 addition (P < 0.05), and the levels of estrogen receptor α and β were upregulated. To conclude, icariin can enhance the proliferation of periosteal cells probably by upregualting the expression of estrogen receptor α and β. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the en-masse retraction of lower anterior teeth in lingual bracket system Liu Dai-bin1, Lu Da-min2, Fang Zhi-xin1, Zhou Yan1, Huang Min-fang1 2018, 22 (4):  510-515.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0082 Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (1522KB) ( 169 )   Save BACKGROUND: Lingual bracket system is the best invisible orthodontic appliance due to its aesthetics and efficiency, but it is difficult to control anterior tooth torque during the distal retraction of the anterior tooth. Thereafter, lots of studies on maxillary anterior teeth have been conducted, but there is less knowledge about the mechanical characteristics of whole mandible dentition distal retaction. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biomechanical characteristics of the mandibular anterior teeth distal retracted by sliding method in lingual orthodontic treatment. METHODS: A three-dimensional finite element model was constructed using a series of specialized software based on volunteer’s CT data and lingual brackets, including the mandible, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, dentition (removal of the two first premolars), lingual brackets and arch wire with hooks (located between lateral incisor and canine and 11 mm distant from the arch wire plane). Subsequently, 1.5 N lingual forces through the hooks of first molar (2 mm distant from the arch wire plane) and the hooks between the lower lateral incisor and canine were loaded and the biomechanical characteristics of the mandibular anterior teeth movement during the en-masse retraction were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The finite element model was constructed successfully, and had a higher geometrical similarity and resemblance of clinical situation. The crowns of lower incisors showed the tendency of lingual inclination and extension, and this tendency was more obvious in the lateral incisors. The canines were buccal and mesial inclination and intrusion. The periodontal stress concentration area was corresponded with the tendency of tooth movement. Therefore, the movement tendency of incisors is still lingual inclination when mandibular anterior teeth distal retracted by a longer hook in lingual brackets system, and there is no distal inclination. Overall, lower incisors are easy to exhibit lingual inclination; the long anterior hooks contribute to the movement of canines, but it is not available for the vertical control of incisors during mandibular anterior tooth distal retraction. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and effects of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and 2 in the denervated skeletal muscle of rats Chen Bo1, Liang Jie1, Chen Zhen-bing2 2018, 22 (4):  516-522.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0083 Abstract ( 406 )   PDF (1392KB) ( 120 )   Save BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP) are involved in the remodeling of extracellular matrix under normal or pathological conditions, and the positive expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 has been shown to play important physiological and pathological roles in the denervated skeletal muscle. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and effect of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in the denervated skeletal muscle. METHODS: The right sciatic nerve of rats was cut off to establish the model of denervated skeletal muscle, and the right skeletal muscle of rats was harvested after different intervals. The morphologic changes of the denervated skeletal muscle were detected through hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, and RT-PCR. The expression and change of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were compared with the sham operation group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Atrophy and fibrosis were observed in the denervated skeletal muscle. There was a rapid increase of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 with double peaks at the 3rd and 56th days after modeling; at the 3rd and 70th days, the expression of MMP-9 increased significantly and reached the peak respectively; mRNA level of TIMP-1 only increased in the early stage, reached the peak at the 3rd day and gradual declined to normal level, without the second peak. To conclude, MMPs and TIMPs are involved in the tissue changes following denervation. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 have a protective role in the remodeling progression. The altered balance between MMPs and TIMPs in the late stage of denervation may be responsible for extracellular matrix degradation leading to the atrophy and fibrosis progression. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Muscle strength evaluation in older adults: based on hierarchical analysis-fuzzy comprehensive analysis method Zhang Xue-lin1, 2, Yang Peng1, 2, Zhao Min1, 2 2018, 22 (4):  523-528.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0084 Abstract ( 437 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 149 )   Save BACKGROUND: Focusing on the challenge of population aging, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the development of pension services, and actively explores ways to solve the problem. The muscle strength of the older adults is closely related to their daily life, and how to scientifically and effectively assess and attend the elderly is critical. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the muscle strength of the older adults using a new combination of subjective and objective quantitative evaluation model. METHODS: Six joints of shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee and ankle with high correlation with daily muscle activity were selected. The analytic hierarchy process was used to build muscle strength index system, the weight values of each index were determined. The muscle strength was classified by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and a new combination of subjective and objective quantitative evaluation model was established. Fifty older individuals from a rehabilitation center of Beijing were selected to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of the new model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the professional doctors, the new model for muscle strength grading exhibited the significantly similar results, and the accuracy rate of four classifications was above 80%, which met the measurement requirements. The new combination of subjective and objective quantitative evaluation model overcomes the problems due to subjective factors in questionnaire, and provides a more objective, quantified and improved method for assessing the muscle strength in the older adults. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Glycyrrhiza Flavone on the pathological changes of quadriceps and expression of fatty acid translocase/CD36 in training rats Wang Zhao-feng1, Gong Ming-ming2, Chen Jia-qun2, Mo Wei-bin3 2018, 22 (4):  529-534.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0085 Abstract ( 367 )   PDF (1202KB) ( 151 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fatty acid translocase/CD36 (FAT/CD36) in skeletal muscle has been proved to induce skeletal muscle contraction transport to the outer membrane stimulated by movement, which increases FAT/CD36 content in cellular membrane, further leading to more fatty acids into skeletal muscle cells. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Glycyrrhiza Flavone administration before exercise on the pathological changes of quadriceps and FAT/CD36 in rats. METHODS: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into quiet, exercise and combination groups. The rats in the combination group were administrated with 10 mL/(kg•d) Glycyrrhiza Flavone, while the other two groups were given the same volume of normal saline. The rats in the exercise and combination groups were subjected to 6-week training, 19.3 m/minute at the treadmill slope of 5°. The pathological changes of quadriceps were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the expression level of FAT/CD36 was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under light microscope, swollen, ruptured and necrotic muscle fibers in the quadriceps were found in the excise group. In the combination group, muscle fibers tightly arranged in the quadriceps with complete edge, which had no significant difference compared with the quiet group. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression level of FAT/CD36 in the exercise group was significantly higher than that in the quiet group (P < 0.05); the expression level of FAT/CD36 in the combination group was slightly higher than that in the quiet group, but significnatly lower than that in the exercise group (P < 0.05), all above findings were consistent with the western blot assay. Our results indicate that exercise can induce fatty acid transport and accumulation. Due to the synergistic action of Glycyrrhiza Flavonoids, FAT/CD36 increases the efficiency of fatty acid transport, thereby maintaining lipid metabolism balance in the skeletal muscle, which avoids lipid metabolic disorders. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathological changes of the skeletal muscle after local loosening therapies Jing Ya-jun 1, Zhang Lei1, Zhang Shao-qun1, Liao Li-qing1, Yuan Shi-guo2, Li Yi-kai1 2018, 22 (4):  535-541.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0086 Abstract ( 393 )   PDF (6282KB) ( 157 )   Save BACKGROUND: Local soft tissue lysis has been widely used in clinical rehabilitation treatment of chronic soft tissue injuries, and has achieved certain clinical outcomes. However, it is an invasive treatment, and there is little information about the pathological changes and prognosis of the local tissues post-treatment. OBJECTIVE: To observe the repair process and pathologic changes of the muscles after local soft tissue lysis with several needles. METHOD: Songjin-needle, Yinzhi-needle, Changyuan-needle, Xiaozhen-needle, Ren-needle and Pi-needle were inserted into the belly of rat gastrocnemius gastrocnemius with a depth of 0.5-1.0 cm, twice or thrice. Then the rats were killed at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after acupuncture. The corresponding parts of tissues were removed and fixed with paraformaldehyde, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry to observe the histomorphological features and pathological changes under light microscope. The CellSens-Entry 1.15 software was used for image acquisition, and the number of fibroblast cells and microvessel density were calculated. The integral absorbance values of collagen type I were calculated by Image Pro plus 6 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: On day 3 after intervention, muscle fiber dissolution, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were visible. On day 7, there was a reduction in inflammatory cells, fibroblast activation and proliferation, and granulation tissue hyperplasia. On day 14, there was local accumulation of collagen with substantial granulation tissues. On day 21, collagen fibers decreased and granulation tissues organized. On day 30, there was local scar formation. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that there was collagen type I in the surgical area after intervention. The microvessel density, fibroblast count and integral absorbance value increased firstly and then decreased, which showed significant differences among groups (P < 0.01). These findings imply that the new types of needles for local soft tissue lysis do certain damage to the gastrocnemius muscle, and the inflammatory changes of the local tissue and granulation tissue organized will result in local scar formation after loosening therapies. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Combined oral contraceptives facilitate periodontium remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement in rats Zhou Yi-fei, Zheng Qian, Mao Jie, Lv Jia-ling, Wu Xiao-ling, Xu Xiao-mei 2018, 22 (4):  542-547.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0087 Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (6058KB) ( 156 )   Save BACKGROUND: Preliminary studies have found that the oral intake of contraceptives reduces the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. This study mainy explores the effects of oral contraceptives on periodontium remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement in a female rat model. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on the expression levels of progesterone receptor and osteoprotegerin, as well as the number of osteoclasts in the periodontium during orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS: Eighty 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=40 per group), and COCs (marvelon, experimental group) or normal saline (control group) was then given by gavage. At 7 days after administration, the right maxillary first molars were moved mesially under a force of 50 g delivered by nickel-titanium coil springs, and 10 rats were killed on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 after loading, respectively. The expression levels of progesterone receptor and osteoprotegerin in the periodontium were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the number of activated osteoclasts was measured by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 28 days after force loading, the expression level of progesterone receptor in the periodontium in the experimental group (0.307±0.03) was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.194±0.11), (P < 0.01). The number of osteoclasts in the maxillary first molars in the experimental group was significantly less than that in the control group at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after force loading (P < 0.05). The average absorbance value of osteoprotegerin in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). These results show that COCs are able to promote osteogenesis and slow bone absorption during periodontal reconstruction, indicating that the course of orthodontic treatment for female patients with a history of COCs intake may be extended. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Indirect co-culture with chondrocytes induces periosteum-derived cells to differentiate into chondrocytes Li Wei1, Yuan Feng2, Wo Jin1, Zhang Teng1, Gao Peng1 2018, 22 (4):  548-552.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0088 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (3711KB) ( 159 )   Save BACKGROUND: Under indirect co-culture conditions, chondrocytes can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into chondrocytes. Osteocytes are the seed cells of chondrocytes, but co-culture of osteocytes with chondrocytes is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To induce the chondrogenic differentiation of periosteum-derived cells (PDCs) by indirect co-culture with chondrocytes. METHODS: Chondrocytes were isolated from the rabbits by trypsin and collagenase II digestion. Rabbit PDCs were obtained by the explants culture method. Passage 2 chondrocytes and PDCs underwent indirect co-culture at 1:1 in Transwell system as experimental group. PDCs cultured alone were as control group. After 2 weeks of culture, the cellular morphological changes were observed by inverted contrast phase microscope. The expression levels of collagen type II and proteoglycan were detected by collagen type II immunohistochemistry and toluidine blue staining. The mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen type II and SRY-related protein-9 were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 2 weeks of culture, PDCs in the experimental group were gradually transformed to chondrocyte-like cells, while PDCs in the control group still remained long spindle-shaped. Collagen type II immunohistochemistry staining and toluidine blue staining were positive in the experimental group, while the results were negative in the control group. Additionally, RT-PCR results indicated that the relative mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen type II and SRY-related protein-9 in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Therefore, chondrocytes can induce PDCs to differentiate into chondrocytes under indirect co-culture conditions. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Enhancement-perfusion therapy by extracorporeal circulation system ameliorates the blood supply of ischemic lower limbs Yang Lei1, Gao Lei2, Wang Lei2, Zuo You-wei2, Liu Yan-ling2, Wang Jiang-ning2 2018, 22 (4):  553-557.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0089 Abstract ( 433 )   PDF (4416KB) ( 158 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the preliminary study, extracorporeal circulation system simulated physiological environment has been applied in limb preservation, significantly prolonging the severed limb preserving time. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of enhancement-perfusion by extracorporeal circulation system on the blood supply of ischemic lower limbs. METHODS: Eighteen adult Bama mini pigs were equally randomized into three groups: group A (no intervention), groups B and C (establishing the ischemic model by arteria cruralis ligation at the right posterior lower limb). At 4 weeks after modeling, the model pigs in the group C received enhancement-perfusion therapy 1 hour per day. One week later, the situations of angiography were detected by digital radiography. The tibialis anterior separated from each pig was used to test the microvessel density by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in the skeletal muscle and serum samples were monitored by western blot and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Both diameter and distal collateral circulation of the arteria cruralis in the group C were much better than those in the group B. The microvessel density in the group C was significantly higher than that in the group B (P < 0.05), but the insignificant difference between groups A and C was found (P > 0.05). Both histionic and serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly increased in the groups B and C compared with the group A, especially in the group C (P < 0.05). In summary, the enhancement-perfusion therapy by extracorporeal circulation system can considerably ameliorate blood supply of lower limbs, providing a promising method for treatment of ischemic lower limbs. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Gastrodin effects on the neural functional recovery and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in a rat model of spinal cord injury Xiao Xue-fei1, 3, Li Juan-juan2, Huang Hui1, Zhang Xiang1, Huang Yao1, Li Jing-hui1, Yu Hua-lin1 2018, 22 (4):  558-563.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0090 Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (4481KB) ( 241 )   Save BACKGROUND: Gastrodin has been shown to inhibit the in vivo astrocyte activation after injury, improve the microenvironment of spinal cord injury (SCI), and reduce secondary injuries. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of gastrodine on the neural functional recovery and glial fibrillary acidic protein in a rat model of clamping-induced SCI. METHODS: Forty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, and the models of clamping-induced SCI were established. The rats in sham group were only subjected to laminectomy; gastrodine group was given 100 mg/kg•d gastrodine; the sham and SCI groups were given equal volume of normal saline. The function recovery of spinal cord was evaluated by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scores, and Rivlin inclined plane experiment at postoperative 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The morphological changes of spinal cord were observed after perfusion at 28 days, expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein was detected by immunofluorescence, and changes of Nissl body were observed through Nissl staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BBB and Rivlin inclined plane scores in each group were significantly decreased postoperatively, and the scores then increased with time; the scores at each time point in the sham group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P < 0.05); the scores in the gastrodine group were significantly higher than those in the SCI group from day 3 (P < 0.05). At postoperative 28 days, the expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein was the lowest in the sham group, followed by gastrodine group, and the highest in the SCI group (P < 0.05). In the gastrodine and SCI groups, Nissl bodies were slightly stained partially dissolved, and the account of Nissl bodies in this two groups was less than that in the sham group (P < 0.05), but the gastrodine group had significantly more Nissl bodies than the SCI group (P < 0.05). The spinal cord in the sham group revealed the complete structure; in the SCI group, the structure of spinal cord was in disorder, syringomyelia formatted, and the gray-white matter boundary was obscure; gastrodine group showed smaller syringomyelia and gray-white matter boundary were clear. These results show that gastrodin can inhibit the proliferation of astrocytes after SCI, play neuroprotection, and improve motor function. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Every-other-day fasting improves motor functional recovery of rats with clip-compression injury of the spinal cord Sun Nian-yi1, 2, Xiong Xing-juan1, He Yu3, Wang Wen-chun2, Zhang An-ren2 2018, 22 (4):  564-569.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0091 Abstract ( 394 )   PDF (4306KB) ( 157 )   Save BACKGROUND: Dietary intervention may be the most available, safe, economic and efficient approach to treat spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of dietary restriction in the form of every-other-day fasting (EODF) on the pathological changes and functional recovery of rats with clip-compression injury of the spinal cord. METHODS: The models of spinal cord injury were established by a medical aneurysm clip in 36 Sprague-Dawley rats, and model rats were then randomized into four groups: group A with spinal cord injury and EODF, group B with spinal cord injury, group C with sham operation and EODF, and group D with sham operation. Food intake and body mass were observed. Motor functional recovery in rats was assessed by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores at preoperative 1 day and postoperative 1 day, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. At 12 weeks after operation, the morphological changes of the spinal cord were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan score in the group B was decreased to the lowest at postoperative 1 day, and gradually increased with time. At 8-12 weeks after operation, the scores in the group A were significantly superior to those in the group B. At 12 weeks after operation, hematoxylin-eosin staining showed less lesion of the spinal cord in the group A than the group B. These results indicate that EODF can improve the motor functional of rats with spinal cord injury, and exerts effective protection on the injured spinal cord. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and significance of Wnt-5a gene in a model of intervertebral disc degeneration Yang Xiao-ming, Zhao Quan-lai, Gao Zhi, Xu Hong-guang, Wang Hong, Liu Ping 2018, 22 (4):  570-575.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0092 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (4667KB) ( 159 )   Save BACKGROUND: Important extracellular matrixes are reduced with the prolongation of duration of cyclic pressure in the endplate of the intervertebral disc. Meanwhile, the expression of Wnt-5a gene is significantly decreased. There is an important relationship between Wnt-5a gene and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of Wnt-5a gene under cyclic pressure in a rabbit model of IDD and to explore its role in IDD progress. METHODS: Lumbar intervertebral discs were removed from the 6-month-old New Zealand white rabbits to prepare IDD models and were then randomly divided into experimental (cyclic pressure ) and control (no intervention) groups. The morphological changes of intervertebral discs were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and safranin O-fast green staining. The mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen type II, and Wnt-5a were detected by real-time PCR. The protein expression level of Wnt-5a was detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The morphology of intervertebral discs cultured for 7 days in the experimental and control groups showed a certain change, but was still intact; expression levels of aggrecan, type II collagen, Wnt-5a showed differences from the intervertebral discs cultured for 0 day. On day 14, the damage to the histomorphology was severer in the experimental group than the 0-day control group. The mRNA expression levels of proteoglycan, collagen type II, and Wnt-5a were decreased in both groups, especially the experimental group, at 7 and14 days. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Wnt-5a revealed the same change trend with time. To conclude, regulation of Wnt-5a expression may alter the process of endplate cartilage degeneration, and thus providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of IDD. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of acupuncture at Zusanli on T lymphocyte subsets in mesenteric lymph nodes of spleen deficiency syndrome rats Zeng Rong-hua, Zhou Lu, Ouyang Hou-gan, Peng Shan, Gao Shu-liang, Wang Jian-min, Wu Hui-ting, Ouyang Yan-chu, Cui Tian-tian 2018, 22 (4):  576-581.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0093 Abstract ( 354 )   PDF (2901KB) ( 113 )   Save BACKGROUND: Intestinal and lymphoid tissues constitute an important part of intestinal immunity, which plays an important regulatory role in spleen deficiency and hydronephrosis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture on T lymphocyte subsets in lymph nodes of rats with spleen deficiency, and to investigate the correlation of spleen deficiency with intestinal immunity and the mechanism of acupuncture for spleen deficiency syndrome. METHODS: Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: model, acupuncture and blank control groups. The rat model of spleen deficiency was established by fatigue-induced spleen injury plus abnormal diet for 31 days. Afterwards, the rats in the acupuncture group received acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36). Urine D-xylose excretion rate was detected during modeling and treatment. Then, the mesenteric lymph nodes were removed, and the changes in T lymphocyte subsets in the mesentericlymph nodes were observed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Urine D-xylose excretion rate under spleen deficiency in the modeling and acupuncture groups was significantly lower than that in the blank control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); after acupuncture, the urine D-xylose excretion rate was significantly increased compared with the modeling group (P < 0.01), but still lower than that in the blank control group (P < 0.05). The count of CD4+ T lymphocytes, count of CD8+ T lymphocytes and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes were ranked as follows: blank control group > acupuncture group > modeling group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). These results suggest that acupuncture at Zusanli can improve the urine D-xylose excretion rate, regulate the balance of T lymphocyte subsets in mesenteric lymph node of rats with spleen deficiency, thus improving the intestinal immune function, spleen deficiency systems, disorder of intestinal digestive function, intestinal digestion and absorption, as well as anorexia, loose stool, diarrhea and other symptoms of the digestive system. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reduced-size liver transplantation with fatty liver donors in a rat model Zhao Ying-peng, Li Li, Chen Gang, Bai Jian-hua, Liu Qi-yu 2018, 22 (4):  582-586.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0094 Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (3817KB) ( 125 )   Save BACKGROUND: Because of liver donor deficiency and high incidence of fatty liver, moderate fatty liver as a marginal donor results in a high risk for graft loss after liver transplantation. Therefore, it is imperative to establish a stable rat model by which we can enhance the utilization of these liver donors. OBJECTIVE: To establish a viable and stable model of reduced-size liver transplantation with fatty liver donor in rats. METHODS: Forty pairs of fatty liver donor and recipient rats were randomly chosen. The recipient rats in experimental group received reduced-size liver transplantation and the rats in control group received orthotopic liver transplantation. The breath, heart rate, and vessel filling situation were observed. The postoperative recovery, cause of death, and survival conditions were observed. The operation time was compared between two groups. Besides, the postoperative liver function and pathological changes were assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After graft reperfusion, in the control group, the respiratory rate and heart rate were significantly faster than those in experimental group (P < 0.05), but the vessel filling of inferior vena cava was poor. Rats in the experimental group recovered better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The operation time in the control group was significantly prolonged compared with the experimental group (P < 0.05). The early mortality in the control group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group, which mainly caused by intra-abdominal hemorrhage, air embolism and hypovolemic shock. The survival time, histology and liver function indexes postoperatively did not differ significantly between two groups. To conclude, the rat model of reduced-size liver transplantation is stable, which reveals clear field of operation and stable circulation, so it is a ideal model for liver transplantation with fatty liver donors. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A novel vitrified cryopreservation method for the establishment of tumor tissue biobank Zhang Yuan, Yang Qiu-rui, Zhang Hong-dan, Zhu Xue-jing, Li Wei-jian, Wang Zhen-yu, Jing Hong-shu, Zhai Bo 2018, 22 (4):  587-592.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0095 Abstract ( 543 )   PDF (4359KB) ( 133 )   Save BACKGROUND: Vitrified cryopreservation is a novel method for specimen preservation, which has a potential application value in the establishment of tumor biopsy biobank. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of vitrified cryopreservation and the feasibility in the establishment of tumor biopsy biobank. METHODS: The fresh biopsy specimens of liver metastasis from rectal cancer were randomized into vitrified cryopreservation and control groups. Then, the biopsy specimens from each group were implanted subcutaneously into the mouse back to establish the humanized mouse xenograft model. The biological characteristics and histological changes of tumor tissues in each group were detected by Calcein-AM/Hoechst33342 staining, as well as immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Totally 105 biopsy tissues of liver metastasis from rectal cancer were preliminarily collected and cryopreserved to establish the tumor biopsy biobank. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No significant differences in biological viability or histological features of tumor biopsy was detected before and after cryopreservation (P > 0.05), suggesting that vitrified cryopreservation can effectively preserve tumor biopsy and is favorable for the establishment of tumor biopsy biobank. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional reconstructed human skin model: a powerful tool to study skin homeostasis and epidermal basement membrane morphogenesis Jiang Dan-dan, Morgan Dos Santos 2018, 22 (4):  593-599.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0096 Abstract ( 401 )   PDF (5634KB) ( 147 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, skin tissue engineering technology has been well-developed and plays increasingly important roles in dermatology studies. The development of a functional epidermal basement membrane, also called dermal-epidermal junction, is one of the most sought after aspects of skin tissue engineering, and one of the hardest to recreate in vitro. At the dermal-epidermal junction level, dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes interact to form an interlinked basement membrane of extracellular matrix, which forms as a concerted action of both keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Successful formation of this basement membrane is essential for the stability of human skin. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the molecular organization and impact of epidermal basement membrane on skin homeostasis, and to review the applications of reconstructed human skin model in epidermal basement membrane studies, providing solutions for related dermato-pathological and physiological issues. METHODS: A computer-based online search was performed in PubMed database and Google Scholar with the defined publication date ranging from 2000 until September 2016. The keywords were “skin, basement membrane, dermal epidermal junction, skin equivalent, reconstructed skin, skin homeostasis”. Finally 57 pertinent articles were screened out of the preliminary retrival list for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Epidermal basement membrane is shown to play gate-keeping roles, which controls cellular behavior and diffusion of bioactive molecules via outside-in signaling. It is the foundation of epidermal integrity and skin homeostasis. The abnormal expression of basement membrane molecules will lead to skin physiological changes and even skin diseases. In vitro reconstructed skin model, highly resembling the normal human skin in structure and molecular organization, is becoming a very powerful tool to study the physiology of epidermal basement membrane, and also very promising for skin anti-aging research and the treatment of blistering diseases caused by epidermal basement membrane disorders. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Willingness of organ donation in college students: cultural and mental characteristics Yan Ru1, 2, 3, Qiu Hong-zhong2, Huang Hai3 2018, 22 (4):  600-605.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0097 Abstract ( 540 )   PDF (1224KB) ( 130 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chinese citizens have a high approbation to organ donation, but few take action. Besides the restriction of policies and regulations, there are still many hidden factors, among which the cultural elements should never be neglected. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cultural and psychological factor affecting the willingness of donors under Chinese cultural background through the phenomenological study on the organ donation simulation in college students, and to explore the strategies for promoting organ donation. METHODS: Totally 50 junior students majored in applied psychology were selected from one university in Guangdong Province, including 19 males and 31 females, and an in-depth interview was performed in 8 students (2 males and 6 females). The participants were interviewed using qualitative research methods and phenomenological approaches after simulating the dilemma of organ donation, to explore the cultural and psychological factors that affect the willingness of college students to donate their organs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The donation situation will affect the willingness to donate, among which, cognition, sentiment and emotional connections are the psychological factors, and death, loss, taboo, meaning and respect are the cultural factors. Cultural psychological factors contributing to the willingness of organ donation included maximum the organ value, positive mentality, pleasure to help others and life extension. The cultural and psychological factors that bad for the willingness to donate include fear of death, traditional thinking, and uncertainty. To encourage donation, it is necessary to conduct death education, cultural guidance, and strengthen social support, as well as respect the opinions of important families and improve the relevant regulations as quickly as possible. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue-engineered heart: electrophysiological properties and long-term safety Tong Cai-ling1, 2, 3, Li Ming-hui2, 3, Qi Zhong-quan2, 3 2018, 22 (4):  606-611.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0098 Abstract ( 400 )   PDF (1030KB) ( 118 )   Save BACKGROUND: Insufficiency of donor heart and ethics are the major obstacles to heart transplantation. Theoretically, a tissue-engineered heart is an important means to solve the donor heart insufficiency. OBJECTIVE: To review the scaffold materials, seed cells and cell incubation methods in the construction of tissue-engineered heart, thus providing references for the future study on the tissue-engineered heart.  METHODS: A retrieval of PubMed and Web of Science databases was performed for the articles addressing the construction of tissue-engineered heart from 2004 to 2016. Totally 2 921 articles were searched, and finally 53 eligible articles were included in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In vitro organ culture and the function of tissue-engineered heart are the difficulties in the construction of tissue-engineered heart. In vitro construction of tissue-engineered heart requires the supply of nutrients, gases, temperature and corresponding electrical stimulation. Myocardial cells, scaffold materials and organ culture system are indispensable for the tissue-engineered heart construction. Therefore, it is highly important to optimize the decellular process, select an ideal seed cell and improve its adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, improve the electrophysiological properties of the tissue-engineered heart by gene regulation, and confirm the long-term safety of the tissue-engineered heart. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research status of metabonomics in arthritis: a bibliometric analysis Zhang Yong-yi1, Sun Zhi-ling1, Peng Lin-xiu2, Xue Lian1, Jiao Wen-juan1, He Jing1 2018, 22 (4):  612-612.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0099 Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (1238KB) ( 193 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mechanisms undelying diagnosis and treatment of arthritis can be analyzed by metabonomics to study the metabolites. The combination of metabonomics and bibliometrics can systematically clarify the research status of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize the research status of metabonimics in arthritis, and to prospect the future tendency. METHODS: CNKI, VIP, WanFang, CBM, PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science and Elsevier databases were searched for the articles addressing the metabonimics in arthritis published before May 2017. The keywords were “metabolomics and arthritis” in English and Chinese, respectively. Initially 201 articles were retrieved, and finally 59 articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for basic information and result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Literature of metabonomics on arthritis began to be reported from 2007, and the number of literature increased with time. (2) The first author’s affiliations were concentrated in universities 37(63%), hospitals 15 (25%) and institutes 7 (12%). (3) The articles included 44 articles from journals (75%), 12 dissertation (19%), 4 conference papers (7%), and the 44 papers were published in 38 kinds of journals. (4) Totally 36 articles were funded, 29 articles (49%) funded by the National Natural Science Foundation, 18 (31%) funded by department-level foundation, 10 (17%) funded by provincial foundation, 5 (8%) foreign foundation and 5 (8%) funded by school foundation. (5) The types of arthritis were mainly rheumatoid arthritis 40 (68%), osteoarthritis 7 (12%), gouty arthritis 6 (10%) and others 6 (10%). (6) The main research directions were metabonomis on treatment effectiveness 30 (51%), pathogenesis of arthritis 17 (29%), Chinese medicine syndromes 6 (10%) and research progress 6 (10%). (7) Metabolomics samples in the literature included the body fluid samples 53 (90%) and tissue samples 6 (10%). (8) Metabonomics analysis techniques included liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 33 (56%), nuclear magnetic resonance technology 15 (25%), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 10 (17%), NMR combined with GC-MS 1 (2%). In summary, metabonomics has been extensively applied in arthritis and has been an issue of concern. Understanding the side events in Chinese medicines for arthritis based on metabonomics can provide reference for the following prospective study and clinical application. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration: economy, feasibility, reliability and controllability Yin Xun-lu1, Feng Min-shan1, 2, Zhu Li-guo1, 2, Li Xue-peng1, Chen Lin3, Li Ling-hui1, Zhan Jia-wen1, Wei Xu1 2018, 22 (4):  619-624.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0100 Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (1339KB) ( 132 )   Save BACKGROUND: Animal models are critical to study the mechanism, prevention and treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Therefore, constructing an ideal animal model of IDD is the key to further study IDD. OBJECTIVE: To review the selection and construction methods of the IDD model, so as to select and construct an ideal animal model of IDD. METHODS: A retrieval of CNKI, WanFang, VIP, SinoMed and PubMed databases was performed for the articles published before December 2016. The keywords were “intervertebral disc degeneration, animal model” in English and Chinese, respectively. All the articles were selected from the authoritative magazines, and finally 56 eligible articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are many kinds of animals used for constructing the IDD model, including small and large animals. The former has a small volume of intervertebral disc that is beneficial for nutrient and metabolite transport, so it can be used for long-term in vitro culture. The latter has a large volume of intervertebral disc, which is appropriate for biomechanical study. The animal models of IDD include in vivo and in vitro models: the in vivo models include the changed biomechanics, destroyed physical structure, spontaneous and systemic disease models; the in vitro models include in vitro cellular and organ models. However, there is still a lack of an ideal animal model that can fully simulate human IDD. Noticeably, similarity, comparability, economy, feasibility, reliability and controllability should be considered. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of anti-osteoporotic medications in osteoporotic fractures Ni Meng-shan1, Chen Xian-zhe1, Chen Yu-xiong1, Guo Wen-jie1, Tian Jing2 2018, 22 (4):  625-630.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0101 Abstract ( 389 )   PDF (1247KB) ( 215 )   Save BACKGROUND: Patients with osteoporosis are prone to develop fractures, and moreover some patients are first diagnosed with osteoporosis because of a fragility fracture. Therefore, it is critical to understand the correlation between osteoporotic medications and fracture healing. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the effect of anti-osteoporosis medications on osteoporotic fracture healing in order to promote its clinical application. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, CNKI, VIP and WanFang databases between January 2012 and July 2016 was performed to retrieve the related articles with the keywords of “osteoporotic fracture, healing, bone nutrition supplements, anti-resorptive agents, anabolic agents, dual effect agents, new targeted agents” in English and Chinese, respectively. Literature concerning the effect of anti-osteoporosis medications on fracture healing was selected, and the articles published lately in authoritative journals were preferred. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Most of anti-osteoporotic medications have no harmful influence on fracture healing, including bone nutrition supplements (calcium and vitamin D), anti-resorptive agents (bisphosphonate, denosumab, estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators, statins and calcitonin), anabolic agents (parathyroid hormone), and dual effect agents (strontium ranelate). Calcium and vitamin D are the basic drugs; anti-resorptive agents exert overt anti-osteoporotic effect; and the new targeted agents like cathepsin K inhibitor and sclerostin monoclonal antibody provide more choices for the therapy of osteoporotic fracture. Partial anti-osteoporotic agents inhibit the viability of osteoclasts, so their early application may be against fracture healing. The optimal time of anti-osteoporotic medications and the effect on acute and non-acute osteoporotic fractures need to be further explored. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different sports events on bone mineral density in the recent decade: a bibliometric analysis Ma Tao, Li Jian, Jin Jia-peng 2018, 22 (4):  631-634.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0102 Abstract ( 348 )   PDF (1151KB) ( 179 )   Save BACKGROUND: Marathon runners and cyclists have been found to hold a lower bone mineral density than normal people. The relationship between exercises and bone mineral density as well as the effect of different sports events and exercise load on the bone mineral density need a further investigation. OBJECTIVE: To review and summarize the studies on the effects of different sports events on bone mineral density, thus providing reference for the exercise intervention for osteoporosis. METHODS: PubMed, SpringerLink, PMC, CNKI and WanFang databases were retrieved by bibliometrics for the articles addressing the effect of exercise on bone mineral density published from 2005 to 2015 with the keywords of “osteoporosis, bone mineral density, exercise” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 51 eligible literatures were enrolled for analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The analysis results show that swimming cannot improve the bone mineral density, and bicycle movement significantly reduces the bone mineral density. While the effects of long-distance running and marathon on the bone mineral density still remain unclear. In addition, the ball games and other sports also can significantly improve the bone mineral density. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Herbs protect against osteoporosis through anti-inflammation action Yang Yuan-chao1, Wang Ying2, Fang Zhi-yuan2, Liu Xue-wei2, Sheng Tong2, Wang Xin-xiang2 2018, 22 (4):  638-643.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0103 Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (1026KB) ( 139 )   Save BACKGROUND: The occurrence and development of osteoporosis are shown to be directly related to the inflammatory response induced by immune dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the mechanisms of osteoclast differentiation and formation at cellular and molecular levels, as well as the underlying mechanisms of several kinds of medical herbs against osteoporosis, thus paving ways for finding more effective and safe herbs for anti-osteoporosis. METHODS: PubMed database was retrieved using the English keywords of (osteoporosis OR bone loss) AND lipopolysaccharide AND bone resorption”, and WanFang database was searched with the Chinese keywords of “osteoarthritis, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, lipopolysaccharide, Dendrobium moniliforme, Portulaca oleracea, Ampelopsis sinica, Schizonepeta”. The literatures addressing osteoporosis, inflammation and herbal medicine were screened, and those using lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse models were included. Finally, four eligible literatures were enrolled for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In vivo experiments, CT images and pathological sections of the cancellous bone in the mouse distal femur show that Dendrobium moniliforme, Purslane oleracea, Ampelopsis sinica, and Schizonepeta exert inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoporosis. In vitro experiments reveal that these four kinds of herbs fight against osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and further reducing bone resorption. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of skeletal muscle satellite cells on muscle fiber lesions Huang He-ping1, Xu Shuang1, Xiao Tao-fang2, Lei Xiao-feng3 2018, 22 (4):  644-649.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0104 Abstract ( 449 )   PDF (940KB) ( 132 )   Save BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle satellite cells have been found to possess the potential of stem cells that have the ability to self-renew with the roles of repair and regeneration. Therefore, it can be used to treat myofibrosis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the function, molecular regulation and related mechanisms of skeletal muscle satellite cells, and to promote the repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers, thereby providing new ideas and intervention strategies for the rehabilitation and treatment of skeletal muscle injury. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed, Mendeley, Google Scholar, and CNKI databases from 1995 to November 2016 for the relevant literature using the keywords of “skeletal muscle,satellite cells, stem cell, muscle repair”. Data screening, processing, and summarization were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: According to the inclusion criteria, 51 eligible articles were enrolled. Analysis results show that skeletal muscle satellite cells are closely related to muscle fiber lesions. Based on the mechanism of skeletal muscle lesions, the regeneration and repair mechanisms of skeletal muscle satellite cells are explored. Skeletal muscle tissue is a functional and sound system that can regenerate and repair through skeletal muscle satellite cells. The function of skeletal muscle satellite cells is controlled by intracellular and extracellular information networks, which can enhance endogenous satellite cell viability. When the skeletal muscle is injured or malnourished, the viability of skeletal muscle satellite cells is inhibited, further inducing skeletal muscle fiber degeneration. Therefore, skeletal muscle fiber lesions can be treated through skeletal muscle satellite cell transplantation and stimulating the viability of endogenous skeletal muscle satellite cells, which provides intervention strategies for skeletal muscle repair and regeneration. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the middle-aged and elderly in China: a Meta-analysis Tie Xiao-jia1, Zheng Ru-geng1, Zhao Meng1, Han Ya-jun2, Guo Hong-liang3, Wang Zhi-zhou4, Ma Guo-ju1 2018, 22 (4):  650-656.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0105 Abstract ( 975 )   PDF (1248KB) ( 348 )   Save BACKGROUND: Investigation on epidemiologic features of knee osteoarthritis in many areas of China has been much reported. However, multicenter studies with large samples have been rarely reported. The published papers cannot give a good description about the epidemiologic features of knee osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiologic features of knee osteoarthritis in the patients aged over 40 years in China. METHODS: Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the data extracted from papers published 2001-2016 on the epidemiology of knee osteoarthritis in the middle-aged and elderly in China. The prevalence rate of knee osteoarthritis in the patients over 40 years of age was summarized, with every 10 years as group, and then analyzed on Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twenty-six articles were included, involving 42 199 people aged more than 40 years old. The total prevalence rate of knee osteoarthritis at the age above 40 years old in China was 17.0% (95%CI: 16.7%-17.4%), the prevalence rate was 12.3% in male and 22.2% in female (P < 0.05). Noticeably, the prevalence rate increased with age. The total prevalence rate in northern China was 16.1% (95%CI: 15.6%-16.6%), 12.2% in male and 21.4% in female; the total prevalence in southern China was 18.0% (95%CI: 17.5%-18.5%), 12.3% in male and 23.1% in female. There was no significant difference in the prevalence rate between northern and southern China (P > 0.05). The total prevalence rate in rural China was 23.6% (95%CI: 16.7%-30.4%), with 15.4% in male and 28.1% in female; and the total prevalence in urban China was 20.0% (95%CI: 16.2%-23.9%), with 13.7% in male and 24.3% in female. There was no significant difference in the prevalence rate between rural and urban China (P > 0.05). These results suggest that knee osteoarthritis in China is a common disease, characterized by increased prevalence with age, relatively significant difference between male and female, but no difference between northern and southern China as well as between rural and urban China. It is of great significance to timely propagate and perform interventional strategies for prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis in China. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics