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18 March 2016, Volume 20 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate bone cement for treating elderly recurrent osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a report of 1-year functional follow-up Huo Zhi-ming, Guang Hong-gang, Cao Zheng-lin, Liang Liang-ke 2016, 20 (12):  1677-1683.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.001 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (502KB) ( 417 )   Save BACKGROUND: How to effectively treat recurrent osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the elderly over 65 years has become an issue of attention in the clinic. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate bone cement for treating elderly recurrent osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with elderly osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were divided into polymethylmethacrylate bone cement group (minimally invasive group) and conservative treatment group on a voluntary basis (n=12 per group). Visual analog scale score for low back pain, Oswesty dysfunction index, ratio of the anterior/posterior margin height of the injured vertebra, Cobb angle and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 12-month follow-up was completed in all the patients. There was one case of bone cement breakage during treatment in the minimally invasive group and one case of lower limb deep venous thrombosis in the conservative treatment group at 1 month after treatment. Compared with the conservative treatment group, the visual analog scale score, Oswesty dysfunction index, and Cobb angle were significantly lower, but the ratio of the anterior/posterior margin height of the injured vertebra was significantly higher in the minimally invasive group at 3 days, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate bone cement for elderly recurrent osteoporotic vertebral fractures can strive for short-term pain relief and long-term recovery of the vertebral height and spinal Cobb angle, thereby significantly improving patient’s quality of life.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lumbar spinal stenosis treated with polyetheretherketone pedicle screw fixation combined with interbody fusion: a follow-up assessment focusing on bone fusion rate Zhang Jun, Cai Ming-xiang, Lu Tan, Sun Xiao-hui, Jia Jin-ling 2016, 20 (12):  1684-1689.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.002 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (482KB) ( 554 )   Save BACKGROUND: Lumbar spinal stenosis is clinical repaired with decompression, bone fusion and internal fixation, and different internal fixation materials can be chosen during the surgery. OBJECTIVE：To explore the influence of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) pedicle screw fixation combined with interbody fusion on the bone fusion rate of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 63 cases of lumbar spinal stenosis undergoing decompression and interbody fusion. These patients were divided into control group (titanium internal fixation system, n=31) and experimental group (PEEK pedicle internal fixation system, n=32) according the internal fixation materials followed by posterior spinal decompression with interbody fusion. The Oswestry dysfunction index scores before and 4, 12, 24 weeks postoperatively and bone fusion rates at 4, 12, 24 weeks postoperatively were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Oswestry dysfunction index scores showed a gradual decline in both two groups before and 4, 12 and 24 weeks after treatment, but there was no difference at different time (P > 0.05). At 4 and 24 weeks after treatment, there was no difference in the bone fusion rates between the two groups (P > 0.05), but at 12 weeks after treatment, the bone fusion rate in the experimental group was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). During the surgery, no infection and other adverse events occurred in the two groups. These results indicate that both PEEK and titanium internal fixation systems for lumbar tube stenosis have obtained good results, but PEEK material has a better role in the bone fusion at 4-12 weeks after internal fixation.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of absorbable bioglass injection for vertebral body supporting and osteogenic induction in osteoporosis Long Hai-bin, Hu Ying-ying, Sun Gui-sen 2016, 20 (12):  1690-1696.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.003 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (479KB) ( 631 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bioglass has good biocompatibility and biological activity, which can be combined with calcium phosphate bone cement to form an absorbable bioglass that has the advantages of both materials and is expected to have a better use of space. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechamism of the new type of absorbable bioglass injection for vertebral body supporting and osteogenic induction in osteoporosis rats. METHODS: Twenty-seven female Sprague-Dawley rats were selected to make osteoporosis models by bilateral ovariectomy, and after 1 month, the rats were randomized into three groups. Bone defect models were established in the lumbar L4 segment of all the rats. Rats in the experimental group were subjected to absorbable bioglass injection; rats in the control group 1 underwent polymethylmethacrylate bone cement injection; and rats in the control group 2 were given injectable calcium phosphate. Twelve weeks after implantation, the compressive strength, degradation and osteogenesis of the implant materials were detected, and levels of serum bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor-β were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The compressive strength, hydroxyapatite deposition amount, and weight loss ratio in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the two control groups (P < 0.05); the relative volume, thickness and number of bone trabeculae in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control groups (P < 0.05); the bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor-β protein levels in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the two control groups (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the new-type absorbable bioglass can greatly strengthen the vertebral body supporting and promote osteogenic effect in osteoporosis by enhancing the bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor-β protein levels.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Degradation and compatibility of cuttlebone/racemic polylactic acid composite artificial bone in animals Qin Guang-bing, Xiao Ying, Wang Wei, Xiao Rong-chi, Ou Jun 2016, 20 (12):  1697-1703.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.004 Abstract ( 294 )   PDF (619KB) ( 401 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cuttlebone/racemic polylactic acid composite artificial bone has been prepared in the previous studies to improve the incomplete degradation of cuttlebone. OBJECTIVE: To observe the degradation and biocompatibility of cuttlebone/racemic polylactic acid composite artificial bone in animals. METHODS: Thirty healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. Models of right radial defects were prepared in rabbits, and model rabbits were subjected to implantation of cuttlebone/racemic polylactic acid composite artificial bone into the defects and muscular sac between the radial lateralis muscle and rectus (experimental group), implantation of cuttlebone into the defects and muscular sac between the radial lateralis muscle and rectus (control group 1), implantation of racemic polylactic acid into the defects and muscular sac between the radial lateralis muscle and rectus (control group 2), or no treatment (blank control group), respectively. At 2, 4, 8 weeks after operation, X-ray and histological examinations were performed in the four groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the other three groups, the bone mineral density of the experimental group was significantly higher at 4 and 8 weeks after material implantation into the defects (P < 0.05), and moreover, the bone mineral apposition rate of the experimental group was significantly higher at different time after operation (P < 0.05). At 8 weeks after operation, the bone tissues in the experimental group grew from the both ends to the center to form multiple bone island-like structures, with less residual materials, and the marrow cavity and implanting material were in a traffic manner; in the control group 1, there were many residual materials, and no intercommunication was found between the marrow cavity and implant material. (2) At 2 weeks after material implantation into the muscle capsule, there were more inflammatory cells, but the inflammation relieved at 4 weeks and disappeared basically at 8 weeks, and the material was degraded partially. These findings indicate that the cuttlebone/racemic polylactic acid composite artificial bone is a kind of good bone substitute material that has good biocompatibility and degradability.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Zinc-modified calcium silicate bioceramics coating and osteointegration Xu Li-zhang, Ye Xiao-jian, Li Kai, Zheng Xue-bin, Tang Feng, Xu PengXi,Xu Guo-hua, Hou Chun-lin, Yu Jiang-ming 2016, 20 (12):  1704-1710.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.005 Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (686KB) ( 662 )   Save BACKGROUND: Zinc-modified calcium silicate (CaSiO3) bioceramics coating on the titanium surface prepared in preliminary experiments has good chemical stability and antibacterial property. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of zinc-modified CaSiO3 bioceramics coating on osteointegration. METHODS: MC3T3-E1 cells were respectively cultured on the titanium with zinc-modified CaSiO3 bioceramics coating (experiment group), titanium with CaSiO3 bioceramics coating (control group) and pure titanium (blank control group). Then, cell adhesion, proliferation, calcification rate and the expression of type I collagen and osteocalcin were detected. The implant materials mentioned above were respectively inserted into the femurs of New Zealand white rabbits, and after 1.5 months, the osteoproliferation and osteointegration between the implants and the host were tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In vitro experiment: The number of adhesive cells at 12 hours after co-culture was significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group and blank control group (P < 0.05). At 14 days after co-culture, cell proliferation ability and ability of calcium nodule formation in the experiment group were significantly better than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). At 21 days after co-culture, there was no significant difference in the expression of type I collagen, but the expression of osteocalcin in the experiment group was higher than that in the control group and blank control group (P < 0.05). In vivo experiment: In the experiment group, a large amount of bone substances were detected, the coating materials directly contacted with the bone interface, new bone tissues and little fibrous tissues were observed at the interface. In contrast, there was a small amount of bone hyperplasia in the control group and almost no bone hyperplase in the blank control group. Moreover, a small part of the implant directly contacted with the bone interface and the most part was separated from bone trabeculae by fibrous tissues. These findings indicate that zinc-modified CaSiO3 bioceramics coating can enhance the ability of osteointegration between titanium implants and the host.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Allogenic chondrocytes-polyglycolic acid compound for repair of thyroid cartilage defects Qiao Zhan-qing, Zhang Jun, Ma Sai, Ma Zhen-ya, Si Yuan-zheng, Qiao Xin-ming 2016, 20 (12):  1711-1717.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.006 Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (544KB) ( 436 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tissue-engineered bone can be obtained by the combination of chondrocytes and polyglycolic acid scaffold. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of allogeneic chondrocytes/polyglycolic acid scaffold compound in the repair of thyroid cartilage defects in rabbits. METHODS: Twenty New Zealand adult rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group with implantation of allogeneic chondrocytes/polyglycolic acid scaffold compound and control group with implantation of polyglycolic acid scaffold. Gross and histological observations were done at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Gross observation results: 4 weeks after surgery, cartilage defects in the experimental group were repaired certainly, and no necrosis appeared in the repair area; in the control group, the defects were filled with muscle and connective tissues. At 8 weeks after implantation, cartilage defects in the experimental group were further repaired, with unclear repair boundaries, and in the control group, cartilage defects were no repaired and showed a notable boundary with the surrounding normal cartilage tissues. (2) Immunohistochemical staining results: the expression of type II collagen in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05) at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. These findings indicate that the allogeneic chondrocytes/polyglycolic acid scaffold compound can promote the repair of thyroid cartilage defects in rabbits. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Human periodontal ligament cells-polyglycolic acid scaffold complex for repair of periodontal tissue defects Li Min, Wang Yao, Yu Hua-long, Wang Shuang-shuang, Li Bei, Yang Lin 2016, 20 (12):  1718-1724.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.007 Abstract ( 405 )   PDF (607KB) ( 511 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, tissue engineering technology as a new model for tissue regeneration has provided new ideas and methods for the repair of periodontal tissue defects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of human periodontal ligament cells-polyglycolic acid scaffold complex for repair of periodontal tissue defects. METHODS: Passage 4 human periodontal ligament cells at a density of 1.5×109/L were seeded onto the polyglycolic acid scaffold to prepare cell-scaffold complex. Then mongrel dogs were selected to make animal models of periodontal tissue defects and then randomly assigned into experimental group subjected to cell-scaffold complex implantation or control group subjected to direct coronal reset and suture of the gingival flap. Collagen content, new blood capillaries, new cementum, new alveolar bone and new periodontal ligament were detected within 4 weeks after operation; hematoxylin-eosin staining of periodontal tissue defects was done at 8 weeks after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the experimental group, the collagen content, number of newborn capillaries, amount of new cementum, new alveolar bone and new periodontal ligament tissues were significantly higher than those in the control group at postoperative 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks (P < 0.05). At 8 weeks after operation, in the experimental group, there were more vessels arranging on the connective tissue surface of new alveolar bone, the alveolar bone showed a sawtooth-like interlinking with the periodontal tissues in the presence of a thin layer of cementum; in the control group, only new alveolar bone and cementum formed below the incisure. These findings indicate that human periodontal ligament cells-polyglycolic acid scaffold complex can promote periodontal tissue regeneration.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)-sol-gel bioactive glass promotes periodontal tissue regeneration Sun Wen-juan, Xu Yi-chuan, Huang Nan-nan, Tang Qian, Chen Cui-ting 2016, 20 (12):  1725-1731.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.008 Abstract ( 417 )   PDF (641KB) ( 596 )   Save BACKGROUND: Our previous studies have shown that the poly(hydroxybutyrate- co-hydroxyvalerate) - sol-gel bioactive glass (PHBV-SGBG) has good biocompatibility and promote bone tissue repair, but its specific role in periodontal tissue regeneration has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the periodontal regenerative effects of a PHBV-SGBG scaffold in beagle dogs. METHODS: Alveolar bone defects (5 mm×5 mm) were surgically created bilaterally at the buccal side of the mandibular third and fourth premolars of four beagle dogs. PHBV-SGBG scaffold was randomly filled in the defects as experimental group and nothing was put into the contralateral as control group. Histological and scanning electron microscopy observations, cone-beam CT evaluation and the Ca/P concentration ratio analysis were processed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After surgery, the height of the regenerated tissue increased with time in both groups, and the regenerated tissue height in the experiment group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). At 12 weeks after surgery, the Ca/P concentration ratio of the experiment group was close to that in the normal tissue (P > 0.05), but higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the histological observation showed that the regenerated tissue of the experimental group was close to the normal tissue, and the regenerated tissue of the control group tended to be mature, with a small amount of new blood vessels. Under the scanning electron microscope, no scaffold structure was visible in the experimental group with the presence of bone lacuna at 8 weeks after surgery, while in the control group, there was no bone lacuna and obvious osteoblasts; at 12 weeks after surgery, the structure of the regenerated tissue of experimental group was more regular and close to the normal tissue with no remarkable osteoblasts, and in the control group, the regenerated tissue was disordered, with several cavity. These results show that the PHBV-SGBG scaffold can enhance periodontal bone regeneration effectively.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of poly-L-lactic acid/hydroxyapatite biomaterial with periodontal ligament cells Zhao Ning, Zhang Xian-jun, Li Wei, Dong Xin-xin 2016, 20 (12):  1732-1737.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.009 Abstract ( 383 )   PDF (453KB) ( 461 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactic acid composite can well improve the brittleness and mechanical properties of the hydroxyapatite. OBJECTIVE: To study the biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactic acid composite biomaterials with periodontal ligament cells. METHODS: Passage 4 human periodontal ligament cells at a density of 5×109/L were cultured with hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactic acid composite as experimental group, and human periodontal ligament cells cultured alone as control group. Cell proliferation was detected within 7 days of culture; alkaline phosphatase activity was detected at 24, 48 and 72 hours of culture; and type I collagen expression was detected at 72 hours of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the absorbance value of cells between the two groups at 1-7 days of culture. The alkaline phosphatase activity of cells at 48 and 72 hours was significantly higher than that at 24 hours (P < 0.05) in the two groups, but there was no difference between the two groups. The expression of type I collagen had no difference between the two groups. These findings indicate that the hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactic acid composite biomaterial has good cell compatibility.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Silk fibroin scaffold for repair of buccal mucosa defects Wang Zhong-chao, Fan Li-yuan, Cai Wei, Jiang Jun-qiang 2016, 20 (12):  1738-1744.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.010 Abstract ( 372 )   PDF (650KB) ( 351 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fibroin is a natural macromolecular material with Arg-Gly-Asp peptide structure that is a special tripeptide structure closely related to cell adhesion, and it can promote cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation and influence cell morphology and function. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of different silk fibroin scaffolds to repair buccal mucosa defects in rats. METHODS: Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were selected to make unilateral buccal mucosa defect models, and randomly divided into three groups, 30 rats in each group: porous silk fibroin scaffold was implanted into the buccal mucosa defect in experimental group, multi-layered crosslinked silk fibroin film was implanted into the buccal mucosa defect in control group, and vaseline gauze was used to cover the buccal mucosa defect followed by suturing in blank control group. After 15 days, wound diameter was detected; after 30 days, bone defect tissues were taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At postoperative 15 days, the wound diameter was significantly smaller in the experimental group than the control and blank control groups (P < 0.05), as well as smaller in the control group than the blank control group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that at 30 days after operation, there were more epithelial spikes and fibroblasts, but less inflammatory cells in the experimental group than the other two groups (P < 0.05), and fibroin fibers were partially absorbed and degraded in the experimental group. These findings indicate that porous silk fibroin scaffold for buccal mucosa defect repair can accelerate epithelialization and wound healing.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Histological evaluation of type I collagen scaffolds preparde under different dehydrothermal cross-linking conditions in a rat model Zhang Cong, Zhang Yan-qin, Mark Spilker, Myron Spector, Li Deng-yun, Lu Yu-mei, Xu He-ping 2016, 20 (12):  1745-1752.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.011 Abstract ( 234 )   PDF (750KB) ( 351 )   Save BACKGROUND: In previous studies, the dehydrothermal cross-linking method was modified by the authors to improve the degradation property of collagen scaffolds. The cross-linking time was increased from 24 to 48 hours, and the cross-linking temperature increased from 105 to 115 ℃. OBJECTIVE: To verify the anti-degradation ability of collagen scaffolds prepared using the modified dehydrothermal cross-linking method and to obtain the optimal efficacy of the scaffolds on damaged tissue repair and regeneration. METHODS: Highly-purified type I collagen scaffolds with native triple helix structure were prepared and subjected to three different dehydrothermal cross-linking conditions: 105 ℃ for 24 hours, 105 ℃ for 48 hours and 115 ℃ for 24 hours. Material samples, 1 cm×1 cm, were implanted subcutaneously into the rat dorsum. The specimens were harvested at 3 days, 14 days and 42 postoperative days followed by fixation and histological analysis using hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No untoward foreign body and immunological reactions were observed in any groups. In the group of 105 ℃ for 48 hours, the scaffold retention and degree of pore openness were better than the other two groups at 14 days after scaffold implantation (P < 0.05). These findings indirectly suggest that the anti-degradation ability of collagen scaffolds can be strengthened under certain dehydrothermal cross-linking conditions: the cross-linking time is increased from 24 to 48 hours.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Composite patch versus biological patch in the repair of canine abdominal wall defects Duan You-liang, Lin Ao 2016, 20 (12):  1753-1756.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.012 Abstract ( 507 )   PDF (464KB) ( 595 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently a big controversy erupts in the repair of abdominal wall defects with composite patch. OBJECTIVE: To compare the composite patch and biological patch in the repair of abdominal wall defects in dogs. METHODS: Ten dogs were selected to prepare abdominal wall defect models, and then randomized into experimental group subjected to composite patch repair and control group subjected to biological patch repair. Incision adhesion was assessed at postoperative 30, 60, 90 days; patches and defect tissues were taken and detected histologically at postoperative 14 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The incision adhesion in the experimental group was milder than that in the control group at different time post operation (P < 0.05). At 14 days post operation, the material structure was clear with no signs of absorption in the experimental group, and there were a large amount of infiltrated inflammatory cells around the patch material, such as neutrophils and lymphocytes, and non-phagocytic patch was found; in the control group, the material structure was fuzzy with the presence of inflammatory cell infiltration and slight signs of absorption. Moreover, inflammation and fibrosis were severer in the control group than the experimental group. These findings indicate that compared with the biological patch, the composite patch is better to effectively reduce inflammatory reactions.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of punicalagin on osteoclast activation induced by titanium particles Chu Geng-lei, Liu Si-han, Li Dong-ya, Li Hong-wei, Guo Kai-jin 2016, 20 (12):  1759-1765.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.013 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (598KB) ( 488 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, there are few researches on the effect of punicalagin on the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts, and fewer researches on the mechanism of bone resorption diseases induced by wear particles. OBJECTIVE: To establish a model of titanium particles induced mouse monocyte/macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) differentiating into osteoclasts and to observe the effect of different concentrations of punicalagins on osteoclast proliferation and differentiation. METHODS: Mouse monocyte/macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7) were divided into five groups, cultured in the culture medium of common (blank group), 0.1 g/L titanium particle suspension, 0.1 g/L titanium particle suspension with 25 μmol/L punicalagins, 0.1 g/L titanium particle suspension with 50 μmol/L punicalagins, 0.1 g/L titanium particle suspension with 100 μmol/L punicalagins, respectively. The cell proliferative activity was detected by cell counting kit-8 assay at 1, 3 and 5 days. At 5 days after culture, number of osteoclasts was measured by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, the phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB p65 was detected by western blot assay, the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor of activated Tc1, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were measured by reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with control group, titanium particles and different concentrations of punicalagin had no effect on the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells (P > 0.05). The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining -positive cells, the phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB p65 as well as the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor of activated Tc1, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were significantly increased compared with those of control group (P < 0.05，P < 0.01). And punicalagins in a concentration-dependent manner decreased the expression of the above indicators. These results indicate that punicalagin can inhibit osteoclast formation and differentiation.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Allogeneic bone grafting strengthens the internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures in high-risk groups Su Zhi-hui, Lu Hou-gen, Liu Jun,Zou Li-xue, Hu Wei 2016, 20 (12):  1766-1771.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.014 Abstract ( 405 )   PDF (596KB) ( 421 )   Save BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have focused on the clinical efficacy of allogeneic bone graft and humeral head replacement for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures, but their comparative studies are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of allogeneic bone grafting in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures in the high risk group. METHODS: Clinical data of 120 cases of proximal humeral fractures aged ≥ 60 years were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty of the 120 cases underwent allogeneic bone grafting combined with locking plate fixation as experimental group, and the other 60 cases were subjected to semi-shoulder joint replacement as control group. All patients were followed up for 8-24 months. Fracture healing, collodiaphyseal angle, humeral head height and shoulder joint function were observed and measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During the postoperative 8-24 months, all the fractures were healed by first intention, and there were no rejection reactions, large/small nodules, humeral head displacement, necrosis, and screw loosening. Loss of the humeral head height at the last follow-up and the active flexion angle of the shoulder at postoperative 12 weeks were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). Scores on forearm, shoulder and hand dysfunction were significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the collodiaphyseal angle and SF-36 scores between the two groups. These finding indicate that allogeneic bone grafting can strength the internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures in the high-risk group, and improve patient’s upper limb function.    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological properties of gradient bioactive coatings on titanium surface in the skull repair Huang Jun-hong, Ye Dang-hua, Gui Zhi-yong, Tan Zhan-guo, Meng Yu-li 2016, 20 (12):  1772-1778.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.015 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (507KB) ( 516 )   Save BACKGROUND: Titanium mesh has good clinical effect in repairing skull defects, but due to the lack of bone induction ability, the titanium mesh has a poor integration with the bone tissue. OBJECTIVE: To observe the biological properties of the gradient bioactive coating materials on the titanium surface in the skull repair. METHODS: Osteoblasts were co-cultured with the titanium mesh with or without gradient bioactive coatings for 14 days, and then cell proliferation was detected using MTT method. Seventy-one patients with skull defects were enrolled, including 43 males and 28 females, aged 15-60 years, and were subjected to skull repair using the titanium mesh with (observation group, n=3) or without (control group, n=38) gradient bioactive coatings. During the postoperative follow-up of 12 months, the repairing effects and adverse reactions were observed in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In vitro cell culture: the cell proliferative ability was increased significantly in the observation group as compared with the control group at 8, 10, 12 and 14 days after cell culture. (2) In vivo repair: the hospital stay and wound healing time in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and at the final follow-up, the postoperative recovery effect was significantly higher in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05). The titanium meshes were fixed firmly in the two groups, with no floating, infection and exposure. These results show that the titanium mesh with gradient bioactive coating has good biocompatibility and osteoinduction capacity.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Antitumor activity and toxicity in vivo of iron-fluouracil complex Shi Min, Zhou Yun, Du Xin-e, Chen Ying-jie, Wang Peng, Zhong Wen-yuan, Zhou Yi-ping 2016, 20 (12):  1779-1786.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.016 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (555KB) ( 535 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous research indicated that iron-fluorouracil-phenanthroline complex has good antitumor activity in vitro, which can inhibit the proliferation of human cancer cells. OBJECTIVE: To detect the antitumor activity and toxicity of iron-fluouracil-phenanthroline complex, [Fe(5-Fu)2(Phen)SO4], in vivo. METHODS: A total of 40 Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups, which were intraperitoneally injected with 72, 102.9, 147, 210 mg/kg [Fe(5-Fu)2(Phen)SO4] and the half lethal dose of the complex was detected. One day after the establishment of mouse S180 sarcoma models, the model mice were randomly divided into eight groups, and administered with the intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg (low dose group), 30 mg/kg (middle dose group), 60 mg/kg (high dose group) [Fe(5-Fu)2(Phen)SO4], normal saline (negative control group), cisplatin (positive control group), 5-fluorouracil, iron-salt and phenanthroline, respectively. The injection was done once a day, lasting for 7 days. The weight of sarcomas, body weight, the main organ coefficient and histopathological changes of the main organs were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The half lethal dose of [Fe(5-Fu)2(Phen)SO4] was 103.9 mg/kg. Compared with the negative control group, high dose group, positive control group and 5-fluorouracil could significantly inhibit the growth of the tumor (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the effect of high dose group was the most obvious (P < 0.01). Compared with cisplatin, 60mg/kg [Fe(5-Fu)2(Phen)SO4] had a weaker inhibitory effect on the kidney, but higher inhibitory effect on the liver, spleen and thymus, indicating the complex has a lower nephrotoxicity, but stronger immunotoxicity and hepatotoxicity than cisplatin. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Poly(D,L-lactide)-based shape-memory intrauterine device: preparation and application security Song Kun-ling, Wang Qin 2016, 20 (12):  1787-1792.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.017 Abstract ( 344 )   PDF (567KB) ( 474 )   Save BACKGROUND: Shape-memory polymer materials can be used as intrauterine device materials, which have certain shape changes under the influence of external temperature, and have good biodegradation, and are harmless to human body. OBJECTIVE: To prepare a poly(D,L-lactide)-based shape-memory intrauterine device and to analyze its application features. METHODS: Poly(D,L-lactide)-based shape-memory intrauterine device was prepared in this experiment. Sixty female New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, with 30 rabbits in each group: experimental group were bilaterally implanted poly(D,L-lactide)-based shape-memory intrauterine device, and control group had no intrauterine device. Gross observation, blood test and histological examination were conducted at different time after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 4 weeks of implantation, the intrauterine device was smooth and thickened and shortened compared with before implantation; after 6 weeks of implantation, the device became thinned and further shortened and even disappeared partially. No significant difference was found in the leukocyte, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, platelet, creatinine and urea levels between the two groups at 6 weeks after implantation. In the experimental group, obvious edema and hyperemia in the tubal mucosa were visible at 4 weeks after implantation, and a very small amount of infiltrated lymphocytes were present at 6 weeks after implantation, and edema and hyperemia were improved significantly. These findings indicate that after implantation, the poly(D,L-lactide)-based shape-memory intrauterine device can deform and degrade, and result in a certain pressure on the oviduct wall, but has no cell toxicity and possesses good application security. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mesh-like titanium alloy steel plate versus wire mesh in the repair of chest wall defects: a safety study Liu Tao, Zhang Yong 2016, 20 (12):  1793-1799.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.018 Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (483KB) ( 573 )   Save BACKGROUND: Titanium materials have high mechanical strength, stable physical properties, good biocompatibility, and excellent corrosion resistance, which can be safely used in humans. OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety of mesh-like titanium alloy steel plate versus wire mesh in the repair of chest wall defects. METHODS: Eighteen patients with chest wall defects, 11 males and 7 females, with an age range of 19-65 years, were enrolled. The 9 of 18 patients were subjected to repair with mesh-like titanium alloy steel plate, and the other 9 patients underwent wire mesh repair. At 1 week after repair, visual analog scale scores were measured in the two groups, and patient’s satisfaction on the thoracic appearance and incidence of complications were surveyed during the follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were followed up for 1-7 years. During the follow-up, X-ray review displayed good thoracic stability and no fracture of titanium plate and wire mesh. Patients recovered well from respiratory dysfunction, with unapparent chest wall deformity and high satisfaction rate of the thoracic appearance. Moreover, compared with the wire mesh group, the satisfaction rate of the thoracic appearance was significantly higher (P < 0.05), but the incidence of complications was significantly lower in the titanium plate group (P < 0.05). At 1 week after repair, the visual analog scale scores had no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that the mesh-like titanium plate has good biocompatibility and safety to effectively maintain the stability of the chest wall.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Shear strength of bonding interface between zirconia and nano-hydroxyapatite Sun Xiao-kun, Wang Fang-hui, Wang Qing-shan, Wang Jing, Wang Ai-qin, Gao Yu-guang 2016, 20 (12):  1800-1805.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.019 Abstract ( 413 )   PDF (426KB) ( 404 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nano-hydroxyapatite as a surface modification material that is bonded to the surface of the zirconia ceramics upon sintering at high temperature can improve bone-inducing activity and bone bonding strength of the zirconia ceramics. Moreover, the sintering temperature is crucial for performance and bonding of the composite. OBJECTIVE: To detect the shear strength of nano-hydroxyapatite ceramics coating bonded to zirconia ceramics at different sintering temperatures. METHODS: Nano-hydroxyapatite slurry was prepared using sol/gel technology. Thereafter, 20 zirconium green bodies were coated with nano-hydroxyapatite slurry and randomly divided into four groups. Then, the specimens were put into non-pressure sintering furnace and sintered at 1 300, 1 400, 1 500, and 1 550 ℃, respectively. At last, we measured the shear strength of all the specimens after sintering by universal testing machine, and analyze the type of fractures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the rising of sintering temperature, the shear strength of the specimens was gradually increased, and there were significant differences between the four groups [(4.04±1.19), (6.60±0.95), (16.51±1.93), (80.47±19.31) MPa, P < 0.05]. Within the scope of 1 550 ℃, the sintering temperature was positively relative to the shear strength of specimens. These findings indicate that in the certain temperature range, the higher the sintering temperature, the greater the shear strength of the bonding interface between zirconia and nano-hydroxyapatite. When the sintering temperature is 1 550℃, the shear strength of the bonding interface is the highest.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Finite element analysis of maxillary central incisor all-ceramic crowns in different occlusal states Xiao Yan, Xiong Kang, Quan Fei-fei 2016, 20 (12):  1806-1811.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.020 Abstract ( 366 )   PDF (372KB) ( 524 )   Save BACKGROUND: The strength of all-ceramic crowns is affected by many factors. At present there are many studies concerning the neck edge shape, cutting thickness, binder and convergence angle, but little has been reported on the effects of different occlusions on all-ceramic crowns. OBJECTIVE: To explore the maxillary central incisor all-ceramic crowns in different occlusal states by finite element analysis. METHODS: Three-dimensional finite element models of the maxillary central incisor all-ceramic crowns were established. Empress II and In-Ceram Zirconia were selected. The normal overbite position and deep overbite position were applied to force a load of 230 N, with the long axis of the tooth at a 45° angle. Distribution of inner stress and edge stress was analyzed at different occlusal states. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The stress distribution of all-ceramic crowns under different occlusion relationship was different. The stress peaks of cementum, alveolar bone and periodontium in the deep overbite were lower than those in the normal overbite. The stress peaks of all-ceramic crowns and binder were higher than in the deep overbite than the normal overbite. The stress peak of the dentin in the Empress II group was higher in the deep overbite than in the normal overbite. The stress peak of the dentin in the In-Ceram Zirconia group was lower in the deep overbite than in the normal overbite. Different all-ceramic crowns had no influence on the stress distribution, but in the deep overbite, the stress was mainly concentrated in the occlusal contact area, and in the normal overbite, the stress was mainly concentrated in the occlusal contact area and at the labial cervical margin. (2) The stress distribution of different all-ceramic crowns under the same occlusal state was different. In the normal overbite, different all-ceramic crowns had no evident influence on the stress peak, and in the deep overbite, there was a certain effect of different all-ceramic crowns on the stress peak, but there was no significant difference. The stress peaks of blinder and dentin were obviously affected by all-ceramic crowns. The stress peaks of blinder and dentin in Empress II group were higher than those in the In-Ceram Zirconia group.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimized design of mini-implant diameter and length in IV osteoid through three-dimensional finite element analysis Zhou Guan-jun, Li Chen-xi, Jiao Xiao-li, Liu Yi-bing, Shan Li-hua 2016, 20 (12):  1812-1817.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.021 Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (453KB) ( 349 )   Save BACKGROUND: Diameter and length of mini-implant have effects on its stability, which has been reported mostly in I and II osteoid, but less in IV osteoid. OBJECTIVE: To optimize the design of mini-implant diameter and length in IV osteoid by a three-dimensional finite element analysis. METHODS: Implant-mandible solid model was established. A 2 N orthodontic force that was perpendicular to the long axis of the implant and at a 30° angle with the distal central axis was applied onto the top of the implant. The implant was designed for different diameters (1.2-2.0 mm) and lengths (6-10 mm). Peak stress and peak displacement of the mandible were mechanically assessed, and stress sensitivity variables were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The stress and displacement of the implant were mainly concentrated in the neck of the implant. The stress of implant-bone interface mainly focused on the contact area of the implant-cortical bone interface, and the stress of the cancellous bone was relatively small, but the stress of the cortical bone was weakened faster. When the implant length was constant, the implant diameter had a great effect on stress changes, and the stress of bone tissue was reduced with the increase of implant diameter. When the implant diameter was constant, the implant length had no significant effect on the stress of bone tissue. To sum up, the stress of bone tissue and displacement were sensitive to the change of implant diameter rather than the change of implant length. These findings indicate that implant diameter has a greater effect on stress distribution of bone tissue than the implant length, and the implants with > 1.5 mm in diameter are suitable for IV osteoid.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程   Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pharmacodynamic material basis and molecular mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii in treating rheumatoid arthritis based on computational simulation Yan Pei-jing, Zheng Chun-song, Ye Hong-zhi, Zheng Li-xiu, Bao Hong-juan 2016, 20 (12):  1818-1824.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.12.022 Abstract ( 383 )   PDF (519KB) ( 551 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tripterygium wilfordii and its certain monomers have exact clinical effects on rheumatoid arthritis. However, there are few studies about a systematic discussion on pharmacodynamic material basis and molecular mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii. OBJECTIVE: To explore the pharmacodynamic material basis and molecular mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii in treating rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: Based on the platform of Discovery Studio 4.0, the molecular set of Tripterygium wilfordii was built and compared with the rheumatoid arthritis drug set from Therapeutic Target Database in chemical space. After that, network pharmacology was used to explore the interactions of Tripterygium wilfordii and therapeutic targets related to rheumatoid arthritis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The molecular sets of Tripterygium wilfordii and drugs for treating rheumatoid arthritis had similar chemical space. The pharmacodynamic material basis of Tripterygium wilfordii had 46 compounds, such as celacinnine, epigallocatechin, euonine, triptolide. They could mediate inflammation, regulate immune response, inhibit cartilage and bone destruction, improve blood stasis-type rheumatoid arthritis by acting on 10 targets, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, JAK-1, matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-3, matrix metalloproteinase-9. Computer simulation could intuitively trace out the multi-ingredient, multi-target and multi-pathway effects of Tripterygium wilfordii.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics