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10 December 2013, Volume 17 Issue 50 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Alendronate improves bone matrix structure of ovariectomized rats Wang Xiang, Guo Hai-ling, Zhao Yong-fang, Zhan Hong-sheng, Shi Yin-yu 2013, 17 (50):  8621-8628.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.001 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (2246KB) ( 453 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates that can increase bone density and inhibit bone resorption have been clinically confirmed, but the structure of the bone matrix has been less studied. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of alendronate on bone structure and bone matrix metabolism, and then to investigate the controlling mechanism by which alendronate improves bone mass and increase bone intensity. METHODS: An ovariectomized rat model was prepared and intervened with alendronate as treatment group. Model and sham-surgery groups were set as controls. Alendronate effects on bone mineral density, bone metabolism, bone biomechanics, and bone structure were observed in bone loss rats using bone imaging, bone tissue pathology and biomechanical test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Alendronate intervention could fight against bone loss as compared with model group at weeks 4, 8, and 12 after treatment (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of urinary deoxypyridinoline and serum carboxyterminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen was decreased significantly after alendronate intervention (P < 0.05); the maximal load, maximal pressure and modelus on the lumbar vertebrae and femur were increased as well as ratio of urinary pyridinoline/deoxypyridinoline of type Ⅰ procollagen (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that alendronate intervention can inhibit bone loss in rats induced by estrogen deficiency, increase biomechanical properties, improve bone matrix structure, and meanwhile, recover the Ⅰ collagen crosslinking component due to ovariectomy. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteogenic differentiation and related gene expression mediated by mechanical strain Liu Ming-yan, Li Yan, Qian Hong, Feng Yun-xia, Duan Yin-zhong, Li Yong-ming 2013, 17 (50):  8629-8634.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.002 Abstract ( 158 )   PDF (778KB) ( 427 )   Save BACKGROUND: The regulatory role of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathways in the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells subjected to mechanical strain remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ERK1/2 and NF-kB signal pathway on alkaline phosphatase, type Ⅰ collagen, osteocalcin and interleukin-6 expression in osteoblasts in response to mechanical strain, and to explore the regulatory effects of ERK1/2 and NF-kB signal pathway on osteoblast differentiation. METHODS: MC3T3-E1 cells cultured in vitro were separately treated with ERK1/2 pathway specific inhibitor PD098059 and NF-kB pathway inhibitor PDTC for 30 minutes, and subjected to12% elongation for 24 hours. Normal cells and cells along loading 12% mechanical strain for 24 hours were considered as controls. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and real-time PCR were utilized to detect alkaline phosphatase activities, type Ⅰ collagen, osteocalcin and interleukin-6 mRNA expression before and after cell loading. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under 12% mechanical strain, alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, and interleukin-6 expression was regulated by ERK1/2 signal pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells, but osteocalcin gene expression was not affected by ERK1/2 pathway. NF-kB signal pathway inhibitor PDTC significantly suppressed alkaline phosphatase activities in MC3T3-E1 cells under mechanical strain, and inhibited interleukin-6 gene expression. However, type I collagen and osteocalcin gene expression was not affected by NF-kB signal pathway. Results suggested that mechanical strain affected osteogenic differentiation and relevant gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells by ERK1/2 and NF-kB signal pathway. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Secondary fracture risk assessment: Bone mineral density and bone metabolism of elderly women within 6-12 months after hip fractures Zhang Zi-jun, Zhao Wen, Zhao Xi, Peng Hai-zhou 2013, 17 (50):  8635-8640.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.003 Abstract ( 145 )   PDF (736KB) ( 424 )   Save BACKGROUND: Prospective studies concerning bone metabolism and bone mineral density variation after fractures have been reported from the 1960s, but these studies are mainly focused on tibia and fibula and ankle fractures in patients with low sample size. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in bone mineral density and bone metabolism indexes in elderly women within 6 to 12 months after hip fractures, and to analyze the correlation. METHODS: We selected 48 elderly women with hip fractures admitted in the Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital in China from May 2011 to July 2013. Standards for follow-up were developed to measure the bone mineral density and bone metabolism indexes in the L1-4 spinal segments and both sides of the hip. The bone metabolism indexes included bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, cross-linked C-terminal peptide of collagen I, and serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b levels. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed based on measurements of bone mineral density and bone metabolism indexes after fracture healing.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After fracture healing, bone mineral density of the fractured hip and lumbar vertebra was significantly lower than the baseline value. There was no statistical difference in bone mineral density between the healthy hip and the baseline value. At 6 months after fractures, bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, cross-linked C-terminal peptide of collagen I, and serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b levels were significantly higher than the baseline values. At 12 months after fractures, osteocalcin level was significantly higher than the baseline value, while other indexes of bone metabolism measurements showed no statistical difference from the baseline values. When healing of hip fractures met the clinical and radiographic standards, the partial regression coefficient of delta-Z score reached peak in the changes of serum osteocalcin and bone mineral density of the fractured hip. Under clinical healing of fractures, serum osteocalcin level exhibits a higher value for the assessment of recovery speed of bone mineral density. Monitoring corresponding bone metabolism indexes after fracture healing can improve the accuracy of judging bone mineral density changes to reduce the risk of secondary fractures. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The association between polymorphism of parathyroid hormone gene and bone mineral density in Fuzhou postmenopausal women Xie Li-hua, Ni Chen-bo, Li Sheng-qiang, Chen Juan, Xu Hui-juan, Lai Yu-lian, Ge Ji-rong 2013, 17 (50):  8641-8646.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.004 Abstract ( 144 )   PDF (724KB) ( 404 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown the bone mineral density of postmenopausal women is closely related to parathyroid hormone. But there are differences in different areas. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between BstBⅠ polymorphism of parathyroid hormone gene with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women from Fuzhou area. METHODS: The bone mineral densities of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter and Ward’s triangle were measured in 150 postmenopausal women by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The genotype of parathyroid hormone gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The distribution of parathyroid hormone genotypes were BB genotype 68.8%, Bb 24.1%, and bb 7.1%. The B allelic gene frequencies reached 81%, while b was 19%. The distribution followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (2) Analysis of the relationship between the genotypes and bone mineral density: There was no significant difference in the bone mineral densities of the lumbar spine, femur, neck, trochanter and Ward’s triangle among the three genotypes (P > 0.05). BstBⅠ gene polymorphism of parathyroid hormone gene is not correlated to bone mineral density, and there is no enough evidence to support genotype of parathyroid hormone gene as a genetic marker in predicting the risk of developing osteoperosis in Fuzhou postmenopausal women. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Culture of rabbit’s articular chondrocytes using type Ⅱ collagenase enzyme digestion method Yan Hu, Su You-xin, Lin Xue-yi, Chen Bao-jun, Zhou Bi-hong, Zhang Qing 2013, 17 (50):  8647-8653.  Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (850KB) ( 1124 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, the separation and culture technique of chondrocytes has been mature, but the chondrocytes grow slowly which are prone to degenerate using the present technique. It is not conducive to the follow-up test. OBJECTIVE: To investigate and improve the separation and culture method of articular chondrocytes of New Zealand rats at 4 weeks of age.   METHODS: New Zealand rats aged 4 weeks were selected to take cartilage tissues from the bilateral knees that were resected under aseptic condition. Chondrocytes were isolated by type Ⅱ collagenase enzyme digestion and mechanical isolation method. The cells were cultured and passaged, and then identified by morphologic observation, toluidine blue staining and type Ⅱ collagen enzyme immunohistochemical methods. Growth curve was pictured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Inverted microscope observation showed that the primary cultured chondrocytes adhered at 6 hours after cultivation. The monolayer formation occurred at 72 hours after cultivation, and the cells were ready to be passaged at 96 hours after cultivation. In the fourth generation, some cells represented a spindle-like appearance. In the fifth generation, most cells turned into irregular shape appearance, and cell proliferation capacity diminished. Toluidine blue staining showed that the nuclei of cultured chondrocytes were blue and cytoplasm was pale blue. Immunofluorescent staining showed that cultured chondrocytes had a positive expression of collagen type Ⅱ and the color was tawny. Proliferative rate of chondrocytes in the first to third generations had no differences (P < 0.05), while differences were found compared with the fourth generation in 4-  7 days (P < 0.05) and the fifth generation in 1-7 days (P < 0.05). The results indicate that type Ⅱ collagenase enzyme digestion and mechanical isolation method is successful for isolating, cultivating New Zealand rat articular chondrocytes in vitro, and the first to third generations can be the best choice for the experiments of knee osteoarthritis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of the L-type calcium channels on chondrocytes in response to basic fibroblast growth factor Wang Qiang, He Jin-shan, Xiong Chuan-zhi, Feng Xin-min, Wang Jing-cheng, Yan Lian-qi, Chen Peng-tao, Cai Jun 2013, 17 (50):  8654-8659.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.006 Abstract ( 143 )   PDF (734KB) ( 818 )   Save BACKGROUND: L-type calcium channels, as a kind of voltage-dependent calcium channel, is the main way of extracellular calcium ions into the cell, and play an important role in maintaining cell morphology and physiological activities, characterized by a large single-channel conductance, slow channel attenuation, and longer duration of channel opening. Previous studies showed that basic fibroblast growth factor can promote the proliferation of chondrocytes cultured in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of the L-type calcium channels on regulating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in response to basic fibroblast growth factor with patch-clamp. METHODS: The chondrocytes were harvested from the joints of 3-day-old New Zealand rabbits. The second passage of chondrocytes was divided into experimental group and control group. Chondrocytes were incubated in media containing 10 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor and media alone separately. The opening of L-type calcium channels under the action of basic fibroblast growth factor was detected by patch-clamp. The intracellular calcium concentration was detected with laser confocal microscopy in the chondrocytes after 2 weeks of culture with basic fibroblast growth factor. Chondrocyte proliferation was analyzed by Cell Titer kit after 8 days of culture. Type Ⅱ collagen was assessed quantitatively by immunohistochemistrical staining after 10 days of culture.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Basic fibroblast growth factor has an inhibitory effect on the opening of the L-type calcium channels, resulting in a decrease in intracellular free calcium concentration (P < 0.01). Cell number was higher after culture with basic fibroblast growth factor than that cultured under conventional condition (P < 0.01), and staining area of type II collagen significantly increased (P < 0.05). Results verified that basic fibroblast growth factor can maintain intracellular Ca2+ concentration at a low level by inhibiting the opening of L-type calcium channels, which can promote the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonist on the morphological change of Achilles tendon contracture induced by stress shielding Li Ping, Zhao Hua-kun, Ma Yan-hong 2013, 17 (50):  8661-8665.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.007 Abstract ( 189 )   PDF (2025KB) ( 459 )   Save BACKGROUND: Stress shielding in the Achilles tendons induces over-expression of tumor necrosis factor-α. The degree of tendon contracture remains unclear after the intervention with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α on tendon contracture and the preventive effects of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (etanercept) on tendon contracture by observing the morphological changes of the stress-shielded Achilles tendons after the intervention with etanercept. METHODS: A total of 20 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental and model groups after stress shielding in Achilles tendons of rat left hind limb. Five rats from either group were randomly selected, and their right hind limbs were considered as normal controls. Immediately after model induction, the rats in the experimental group were subjected with 0.6 mg/kg etanercept, and those in the model group were subcutaneously treated with 1 mL phosphate buffered saline. According to half-life of etanercept, the two groups were separately injected three times. At 2 weeks after intervention, the morphological changes of the Achilles tendons were observed using gross examination and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: On gross examination, the Achilles tendons in the experimental group were significantly smoother and smaller than those of the model groups, but thicker than those of the normal control group. Under a transmission electron microscope, the collagen fibrils of the model group were looser and more disordered than those of the experimental group. The collagen fibrils of the experimental group were similar to those of the normal control group in cross section and longitudinal section. These indicated that tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist can obviously prevent stress shielding-induced tendon contracture at 2 weeks. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different concentrations of platelet-rich plasma on tunnel enlargement after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Li Hong-qiu, A Liang, Zhao Zhong-hai, Dong Li-yang 2013, 17 (50):  8666-8671.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.008 Abstract ( 162 )   PDF (1767KB) ( 464 )   Save BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma contains growth factors that can promote tendon-bone healing, thereby reducing occurrence of bone tunnel enlargement after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; different concentrations of platelet-rich plasma have certain influence on bone tunnel enlargement, but it is not clear which concentration is optimal. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of platelet-rich plasma on tunnel enlargement after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS: Bilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was conducted in 20 New Zealand white rabbits using Martinek et al’s method. Tendon graft was pretreated with 10 mg platelet-rich plasma gel on one side as an observation group. Graft on the contralateral limb was pretreated with 5 mg platelet-rich plasma gel as control group. At 12 weeks after surgery, radiological observation and measure of the width of bone tunnel were conducted. Tunnel enlargement rate was calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 8 and 12 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the width of tunnel enlargement was less in the 10 mg-platelet-rich plasma group than that in the 5 mg-platelet-rich plasma group (P < 0.05). Bone density of tendon-bone interface was larger in the 10 mg-platelet-rich plasma group than that in the 5 mg-platelet-rich plasma group (P < 0.05). These results indicated that platelet-rich plasma promoted in bone density of tendon-bone interface after rabbit anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, effectively prevented enlargement of bone tunnel. Moreover, 10 mg platelet-rich plasma is perfect. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Orthodontic force effects on the expression of periodontal interleukin-6 mRNA in rats Qian Ya-jing, Nie Jing, Pan Xu, Hu Ming-hua, Mi Cong-bo 2013, 17 (50):  8672-8677.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.009 Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (1754KB) ( 346 )   Save BACKGROUND: As an important cytokine, interleukin-6 regulates immune responses in inflammation sites and has an autocrine/paracrine activity that stimulates osteoclast formation and bone resorption, which is related to bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of orthodontic force on the expression of interleukin-6 mRNA in the periodontal tissue of rats. METHODS: In situ hybridization was performed to measure the expression of interleukin-6 mRNA at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after the application of orthodontic force on the maxillary first molars of rats. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of interleukin-6 mRNA was observed at a low level in the normal periodontal tissue of rats. After the application of force, the induction of interleukin-6 mRNA was observed to reach a maximum on day 3 and to decline thereafter. The expression of interleukin-6 mRNA can be evoked by orthodontic force but with a certain self-limiting. As a multifunctional cytokine, interleukin-6 plays a very important role in periodontal remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Finite element analysis on the deformation of maxillary sinus mucosa after closed maxillary sinus augmentation Liu Xiao-fang, Hu Ling-ling, Song Guang-bao, Shao Long-quan, Liu Da-lie, Zhang Jin-cai 2013, 17 (50):  8678-8684.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.010 Abstract ( 159 )   PDF (756KB) ( 413 )   Save BACKGROUND: How to avoid iatrogenic maxillary sinus mucosal perforation after closed maxillary sinus augmentation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence of maxillary sinus mucosa at different thicknesses on the mucosal perforation in closed maxillary sinus augmentation operation by using finite element analysis. METHODS: Three finite element models of maxillary sinus mucosa at different thicknesses of 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm respectively and implant with 4.2 mm diameter were established in the SHELL63 units. ANSYS finite  element analysis software was used to evaluate maxillary sinus mucosal deformation by the simulated closed maxillary sinus augmentation surgery. Differences of Von Mises maximum stress values of mucosa surface were calculated according to the non-linear large-deformation theory. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When maxillary sinus mucosa height was increased from 1 mm to 5 mm, the large deformation was observed in the center of mucosa center. The maximum stress curve slope was shifted mild between 1-4 mm deformation, while shifted abruptly after 4 mm. There was no difference in the value of Von Mises maximum stress values between three maxillary sinus mucosa at 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm thickness, when the lift height was increased from 1 mm to 5 mm (P > 0.05). Maxillary sinus mucosa are faced with a higher risk of mucosal perforation and elastic elongation when maxillary sinus height is increased more than 4 mm. Maxillary sinus mucosa at 0.3-0.8 mm thickness are faced the similar risk of mucosal perforation in closed maxillary sinus augmentation operation within 5 mm. While more considerations should be paid on patients with less than 0.3 mm maxillary sinus mucosa thickness. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of immediate loadings with different forces on immediate implant-bone ossification Wu Dan, Hu Na, Li Su-ling, Wang Lu 2013, 17 (50):  8685-8690.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.011 Abstract ( 208 )   PDF (772KB) ( 434 )   Save BACKGROUND: Animal studies showed that functional early load or immediate load on immediate implant did not affect the prognosis of implant. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of immediate loading with different forces on the binding surface of immediate implant bone ossification. METHODS: Six adult healthy male dogs were selected. All teeth (three premolars) between cuspid teeth of lower mandible and the first molar were pulled out. One implant (OSSTEM GSII) was immediately implanted, totally 36 implants. The vertical immediate loading by device was used on the implants at 24 hours after implantation. Grouped by the loading force values: 0, 10, 20 N on the left three implants of each dog from front to back, 30, 40, 50 N on the contralateral three implants of each dog, at a frequency of 1 Hz for 10 minutes every day. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was tested using resonance frequency measurement instrument (OSSTELL) at 0 day, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With increased load forces, serum osteocalcin expression increased, and peaked on 20 N, but decreased in 30 N group, and lowest in 50 N group. At 4 weeks after immediate implantation, the ISQ values were slightly less than pre-implantation in each group, especially the 50 N group. At 8 weeks after immediate implantation, ISQ values were increased in each group to different degrees. The increased degree of the 20 N group was maximal. At 12 weeks, a peak value was detected in each experimental group. The implants could bind to bone tissues to different degrees. The range of implant-bone interface formation was positively associated with time. Results indicated that the small force cannot impact implant-bone ossification, but promotes it in a manner, but large force value (≥ 20 N) will affect the stability of the implant-bone ossification. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of bone morphogenetic protein and its receptors in different stages of hypertrophic scar Huang Xin, Wei Hai-Ming, Liang Min-hua, Mai Hui, Zhu Ge-fei, Teng Xiao-pin 2013, 17 (50):  8691-8696.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.012 Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (2001KB) ( 401 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic proteins are associated with the formation and development of scars. Fibroblasts are closely related to the proliferation and maturation of scars. However, the expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in fibroblasts in different stage of hypertrophic scars remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2/4, bone morphogenetic protein 7, bone morphogenetic protein receptor IA in fibroblasts in different stage of hypertrophic scars. METHODS: The immunohistochemical SP method was employed to detect the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2/4, bone morphogenetic protein 7, bone morphogenetic protein receptor IA in fibroblasts in 20 cases of proliferative stage hypertrophic scar and 20 cases of maturation stage hypertrophic scar. All samples were obtained from the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 in fibroblasts in proliferative hypertrophic scars significantly elevated compared with mature hypertrophic scars (P < 0.05). In various stages of hypertrophic scars, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 and bone morphogenetic protein receptor IA in fibroblasts was not obviously different (P > 0.05). Results demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 expression down-regulated during the development from proliferative stage to maturation stages in fibroblasts in hypertrophic scars. However, there was no change in the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 and bone morphogenetic protein receptor IA. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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EIectroacupuncture effects on bladder capacity and tissue morphology of the neurogenical bladder after sacral spinal cord injury Li Jing-xing, Zhang Hong, Ai Kun, Zhang Yu-chen, Kuang Jing-zhi, Bao Qiu-ying 2013, 17 (50):  8697-8702.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.013 Abstract ( 226 )   Save BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injuries induced by sacral segment and lumbar lesions can damage the primary sacral micturition center or its surrounding nerves (parasympathetic and somatic nerve) to cause detrusor areflexia, thereby leading to urinary retention and further pathological changes in bladder tissue morphology. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at the Ciliao (BL32), Zhongji (RN3), Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints on bladder capacity and bladder tissue morphology of rats with urinary retention after sacral spinal cord injury. METHODS: Ten of 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected as blank group, and other 30 rats were randomly divided into model group, acupoint group and non-acupoint group. In the model group, the rats received no electroacupuncture. In the non-acupoint group, acupuncture and electroacupuncture at non-acupoint points were performed, respectively, for 20 minutes. In the acupoint group, acupuncture and electroacupuncture were performed at the Ciliao, Zhongji, and Sanyinjiao acupoints. Bladder capacity was measured at days 14 and 22 after treatment. After treatment, bladder tissues were extracted for morphological observation with hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The maximum bladder capacity in the acupoint group was obviously reduced after treatment (P < 0.01); the curative effect in the acupoint group was more obvious than the non-acupoint group (P < 0.05); the difference between preoperative and postoperative bladder capacity (d value) was more significant in the acupoint group than the non-acupoint group (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the model and non-acupoint groups, morphological changes in the bladder tissue were improved more significantly in the acupoint group. These findings indicate that electroacupuncture at the Ciliao, Zhongji, and Sanyinjiao acupoints can effectively reduce the maximum bladder capacity and repair the damaged bladder tissue after sacral spinal cord injury. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of the dystrophin hydrophobic regions in the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy A three-dimensional reconstruction verification Liang Ying-yin, Cao Ji-qing, Yang Juan, Zhang Cheng 2013, 17 (50):  8703-8711.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.014 Abstract ( 177 )   PDF (467KB) ( 698 )   Save BACKGROUND: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is recognized as a fatal X-linked recessive inheritance. It is caused by the dystrophin gene mutation, resulting in the deficiency of dystrophin and consequent degeneration and necrosis of muscle fibers gradually. Becker muscular dystrophy is also caused by the mutation of the same gene, but presented with less severe clinical symptoms compared with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Frameshift mutation destroys the reading frames, and thus the translation cannot proceed smoothly to transcript functional proteins. In-frame mutation cannot destroy the reading frames and hence the translation can proceed smoothly. But in-frame mutation involves the whole hydrophobic regions. The three-dimensional structure of these regions and their functionality are not interpreted clearly. The effects of these regions on disease development need to be clarified in detail from the point of structure and function.  OBJECTIVE: By analyzing Kate and Dolittle scale mean hydrophobicity profile, to investigate the dystrophin hydrophobic regions using Swiss-model so as to provide the supplement explanation on the reading frame rule. METHODS: Form 2002 to 2013, 1 038 cases diagnosed as Duchenne muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy were collected in the First Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in China and Leiden DMD information database was searched with deletion of codon mutation information available. The correlation between clinical types and genotypes was analyzed upon resources collected above. The mean hydrophobicity profile of dystrophin was analyzed by Bioedit as well as the reconstruction of hydrophobic domains using Swiss-model. Thus, the important functional domain of dystrophin was confirmed by analysis and the correlation between clinical types and genotypes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Four hydrophobic regions were confirmed: Calponin homology domain CH2 on actin-binding domain, repeat 16 domain, Hinge Ⅲ domain and EF Hand domain. Duchenne muscular dystrophy was developed as a result of the destruction of the 1st, 2nd and 4th hydrophobic regions which were the conjunction of dystrophin and associated protein in dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. When the 3rd hydrophobic was deleted, the repeat domain located on central rob domain remained its continuity so that the clinical symptoms were less severe. These findings indicate that the dystrophin hydrophobic regions act as an important role on the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Shape variation of optic nerve head by mechanical analysis using three-dimensional finite element model Qi Xin-zheng, Wei Chao, Yang Jia-yan, Mu Jing, Zhang Kun-ya, Liu Zhi-cheng, Qian Xiu-qing 2013, 17 (50):  8712-8718.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.015 Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (772KB) ( 488 )   Save BACKGROUND: The measure and prediction of the shape of optic nerve head are the key issues for early diagnosis and duration prediction of glaucoma. Therefore, it is significant to research the shape variation of optic nerve head under high intraocular pressure. OBJECTIVE: To establish three-dimensional finite element model of optic nerve head and to analyze the deformation of optic nerve head and the change in retina thickness after acute high intraocular pressure. METHODS: Animal model of acute ocular hypertension was established by methods of anterior chamber perfusion. The tomographic images of the optic nerve head of a cat were obtained at the normal intraocular pressure and 5 320 Pa, 7 980 Pa, 10 640 Pa, 13 300 Pa, 15 960 Pa intraocular pressures using optical coherence tomography. Then, we measured the variation of retinal thickness at typical location. Basing on the tomographic images of optic nerve head of a cat at normal intraocular pressure, we obtained three-dimensional structure of retina and choroid using software MIMICS. Then three-dimensional model of optic nerve head was established by assembling the retina and choroid. The deformation of optic nerve head and the change in retinal thickness under high intraocular pressure were observed using software ABAQUS. The effectiveness of the model was verified by the experimental result. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the increase of intraocular pressure, the retinal thickness is thinner, the optic nerve head depth, width and the ratio of the depth to width are gradually increased. It suggests that the acute high intraocular pressure causes retinal thinning, optic nerve head widening and deepening. It is feasible to establish optic nerve head modeling in vivo by using optical coherence tomography, mechanical analysis can be applied to predict the shape variation of optic nerve head, which is significant to further deduce the pathological process of glaucoma. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and Identification of pIRES2-BDNF-VEGF165 bicistronic eukaryotic expression vector Li Bing-nan, Li Wei-dong, Lin Jun-tang, Feng Hui-gen 2013, 17 (50):  8719-8728.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.016 Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (520KB) ( 694 )   Save BACKGROUND: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) are essential genes for cell differentiation. Virus mediated method has been used numerously in researches, but the security is the most important problem. Eukaryotic expressing vector is a way to solve this question. OBJECTIVE: To construct and identify pIRES2-BDNF-VEGF165 bicistronic eukaryotic expression vector. METHODS: BDNF genes were obtained from the genomic DNA of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by PCR. Then, the BDNF cDNA fragment was inserted into the multiple cloning sites of pIRES2-EGFP to generate the bicistronic eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES2-BDNF-EGFP. The VEGF165 gene was obtained from pIRES2-VEGF165-EGFP plasmid by double PCR. Next step was that VEGF165 cDNA fragment was cloned into the pIRES2BDNF-EGFP instead of EGFP to create a double gene co -expressing vector plasmid pIRES2-BDNF-VEGF165. Then, pIRES2-BDNF-VEGF165 was used to transfect HEK293 cells, and RT-PCR and western-blot assay were employed to test the co-expression of double genes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BDNF and VEGF165 genes were cloned in this study. The DNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that the BDNF and VEGF165 were exactly consistent with the sequence recorded in the GenBank. The size of BDNF gene was 744 bp. The VEGF165 gene was obtained from pIRES2-VEGF165-EGFP plasmid by PCR, and the size of VEGF165 gene was 576 bp. Enzyme digestion analysis indicated that BDNF and VEGF165 genes were inserted into the expression vector pIRES2-EGFP correctly and the BDNF and VEGF165 co-expression plasmid was successfully constructed. Then, by transfecting pIRES2-BDNF-VEGF165 into HEK293 cells, double genes were expressed at the mRNA and protein level. It provides a novel expression system, which enables further study on the functions of BDNF and VEGF165 genes. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

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A method for elevating survival rate of models of steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head Li Rui-qi, Zhang Guo-ping, Li Yi-jiong, Li Ya-li, Ren Li-zhong, Zhang Yu-chen, Wang Wei, Gao Hong-yang, L 2013, 17 (50):  8729-8734.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.017 Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (739KB) ( 519 )   Save BACKGROUND: Animal death is a main influential factor for experimental results in establishment of animal models of steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head. OBJECTIVE: To observe models of femoral head necrosis established using lipopolysaccharide and dexamethasone so as to elevate success rate of model induction. METHODS: A total of 48 New Zealand white rabbits were equally and randomly divided into model group, gentamicin group, gentamicin + lansoprazole group and control group. The first three groups were injected with lipopolysaccharide for 2 consecutive days via the ear vein, and then they were injected with dexamethasone via intramuscular injection in the buttocks for 3 consecutive days to establish models of femoral head necrosis. The rabbits of gentamicin group, gentamicin + lansoprazole group were intragastrically administered gentamicin for 7 consecutive days after success model induction. Simultaneously, gentamicin + lansoprazole group received intramuscular injection with lansoprazole. Rabbits in the control group were only injected with saline. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Models were successfully established in the model, gentamicin, gentamicin + lansoprazole groups. Their conditions were best in the gentamicin + lansoprazole group. Mortalities in above-mentioned groups were 33.3%, 25% and 8.3%, respectively. Significant differences in the number of dead rabbits were detected in the model, gentamicin, gentamicin + lansoprazole and control groups (P < 0.05). Results indicated that the combined use of gentamicin and lansoprazole can elevate survival rate of experimental animals during the establishment of rabbit models of steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy avoids bone damage in patients with chronic arthritis: Who can authenticate it? Zhao Zheng-ju, Luo Ju-ying2, Cheng Hao, Xiao Qiang 2013, 17 (50):  8735-8740.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.018 Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (576KB) ( 346 )   Save BACKGROUND: To reducing bone damage in patients with chronic arthritis, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment has aroused wide concern. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the action of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the pathogenesis of chronic arthritis and progress in anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha drugs. METHODS: A computer-based search of NCBI, OVID, EBSCO was performed to collect articles published from December 1st, 2005 to July 31st, 2013 with the keywords of “infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, chronic arthritis” in English. There were 162 articles after initial retrieval, and finally 40 articles were included and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Studies have shown that a number of factors are involved in the activation of osteoclasts, and tumor necrosis factor alpha is only a member resulting in osteoclastogenesis. In addition, there are some media behind tumor necrosis factor alpha and RANK-RANKL system, which may independently induce osteoclastogenesis. Because of this, a separate anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy applied to chronic arthritis cannot achieve the desired therapeutic effects. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Functional Magnetic System in osseous deformity Zhou Jun, Hou Lu, Xu Shi-qian 2013, 17 (50):  8741-8746.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.019 Abstract ( 193 )   PDF (721KB) ( 495 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osseous deformity is one of the most common Jaw deformities in clinic, which give patients serious impact on functionality and aesthetics, so patients want to cure it strongly. Recently, Functional Magnetic System has played an increasingly important role in correcting osseous deformity because of its advantages, so it is gradually known by people. OBJECTIVE: This article will give a summary of Functional Magnetic System in the progress and deficiencies, in order to have a greater development in the field of correct osseous deformity. METHODS: We searched the PubMed database, from January 1990 to June 2013 with the key words of “magnetic, orthodontics” in English. An online search of CNKI database, Wanfang database, Chongqing VIP database from January 1990 to June 2013 was also conducted with the key words of “magnetic, orthodontics” in Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Functional Magnetic System is the combination of magnetic force and the traditional function correcting device, with the aid of attraction and repulsion, we could make up for the inadequacy in the treatment of Jaw osseous deformity, including the problems of length, width and height. With the development of magnetic materials and the research of magnetic materials, Functional Magnetic System will have a bigger development. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha and exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptations Zhou Jian-xin, Ma Ji-zheng 2013, 17 (50):  8747-8751.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.020 Abstract ( 216 )   PDF (495KB) ( 478 )   Save BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) may play     an important role in the exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation, which is involved in the regulation of a   variety of exercise-induced biological reactions. OBJECTIVE: To review the PGC-1α and endurance training induced skeletal muscle adaptations. METHODS: The relevant articles about relationship between PGC-1α and endurance training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations were searched from PubMed database (1995-01/2010-10) by using the keywords of “PGC-1α, skeletal muscle, exercise, mitochondrial biogenesis, adaptations”, and the language was limited to English. Repetitive contents were deleted. The 59 collected articles were searched. According to the criterion, 37 were classified and sorted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Endurance training can typically increase the expression/activity of membrane transporters and mitochondrial metabolic enzymes as well as increase capillarisation in the skeletal muscle, together enhancing the oxidative capacity of the muscle and the ability to oxidize both carbohydrates and fatty acids. Studies in PGC-1α knockout and overexpression mice have clearly demonstrated that PGC-1α plays an important role in maintaining the expression of mitochondrial metabolic and anti-oxidant enzymes in the skeletal muscle and does influence exercise-induced adaptations of mitochondrial proteins. However, PGC-1α is not exclusively required, and additional factors must be involved in the regulation of both basal expression and exercise-induced adaptations. Exercise-induced PGC-1α expression and potentially increased PGC-1α activity are likely the mechanisms contributing to skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations and concomitant health beneficial effects of regular physical activity. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Endothelial progenitor cells and occurrence and development of aneurysm Liang Chao-jie, Min Guo-wen, Guo Geng 2013, 17 (50):  8752-8757.  Abstract ( 103 )   PDF (622KB) ( 427 )   Save BACKGROUND: Endothelial progenitor cells can be used to repair vascular injuries and predict severity of early vascular injuries. These biological characteristics have been recommended to the research of aneurysm, which provide new ideas for studying the occurrence, expansion and early staging diagnosis of aneurysm. OBJECTIVE: To elaborate the effects of endothelial progenitor cells on the aneurysm in the clinical trials based on the biological characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells, including proliferation, migration, adherence and senescence. METHODS: A computer-based search of Wanfang, CNKI, Springer, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Ovid was performed using the keywords of “endothelial progenitor cells, precursor cell, aneurysm, stem cell”. Irrelevant and repetitive articles were excluded, and the result analysis was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Aneurysms patients display decreased endothelial progenitor cells in the peripheral circulating blood accompanied by functional impairment. After aneurysm-related treatment, the number of endothelial progenitor cells can increase. Application of endothelial progenitor cells can early predict occurrence, development, and rupture of aneurysms, which is also a therapeutic method to prevent aneurysms.How endothelial progenitor cells are used clinically to prevent occurrence and development of aneurysms is a serious problem to be solved. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficiency of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on rehabilitation of motor function in patients with stroke: A systematic review Zhu Yi, Yang Yu-jie, Gu Yi-huang, Xie Bin, Jin Hong-zhu 2013, 17 (50):  8759-8768.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.022 Abstract ( 492 )   PDF (725KB) ( 575 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have different views on the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied in stroke patients for improving motor function. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on rehabilitation of motor function in patients with stroke. METHODS: We searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, ISI Web of science, Medline, EMBASE, China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodical, Wanfang Data (from database building to July 2013) for randomized controlled trials concerning repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on improving motor function in patients with stroke. The included studies were evaluated according to the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Meta analysis was performed in qualified literatures. The extracted data were analyzed by RevMan 5.1 software and GRADEprofiler 3.6 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 23 trials were included (intervention group n=400, control group n=301). Quantitative analysis was conducted in seven studies, and descriptive study was performed in the remaining studies. Meta-analyses analyzed Fugl Meyer Motor Scale and Barthel index. Results showed that Fugl Meyer Motor Scale [SMD =0.48, 95%CI(0.10, 0.86)] and Barthel index [SMD=1.38, 95%CI (0.68, 2.09)] were significantly higher in the intervention group than that in the control group. In accordance with The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, outcome indexes were evaluated, and the two indexes were graded low quality. The current evidence shows that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation appears to enhance motor function and activities of daily living of the patients with stroke. Considering the limitations of the included studies, more multi-central randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes and high qualities are required in future to verify the therapeutic efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor function of stroke patients. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta-analysis of statins for treatment of vascular cognitive impairment Li Sen, Xu Wan-peng 2013, 17 (50):  8769-8774.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.023 Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (902KB) ( 745 )   Save BACKGROUND: No international reports had shown that statins were effective for the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment. However, Chinese studies concerning effects of statins on vascular dementia had a small sample size, so no definite conclusion was obtained. OBJECTIVE: To perform a meta-analysis on effects of statins on vascular cognitive impairment, the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration were used. METHODS: The databases such as China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang, VIP, Chinese Biological and Medical Database and PubMed Medline were searched by computer and manually for randomized controlled trials about the effect of statins on vascular cognitive impairment. Retrieval time was from foundation to January 2013. The studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and then the data were extracted. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed and meta-analysis was performed by Revman 5 software.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This study finally included 15 randomized controlled trials, a total of 1 203 patients, including 616 in statins group and 587 in control group. The fixed and random effect models were used to analyze mini-mental state examination and activity of daily living scales including 14 scoring method and the Barthel index score. Compared with the control group, mini-mental state examination scores in the patients of statins group (14 randomized control trials, 1 112 patients) were, mean difference (MD)=3.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.26 to 3.77, P < 0.000 1; activity of daily living scores (14 scoring method, 7 randomized controlled trials, 513 patients) were, MD=-4.14, 95% CI: -6.11 to -2.18, P < 0.000 1; the Barthel index scores (2 randomized controlled trials, 171 patients) were, MD=11.62, 95% CI: 9.78 to 13.46, P < 0.001. Our study mentioned a total of 14 cases of adverse reactions. One case was in control group, and the other 13 cases were in statins group which were all caused by atorvastatin. There were no serious adverse reactions in statins group and the rate of adverse reactions was 2.1%. The current evidence suggested that statins can improve cognitive function in patients with vascular cognitive impairment, with good safety. However, further conclusion still requests higher quality of randomized controlled trials. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of tissue-engineered heart valves: Status and Prospects Sun Yan-li, Han Hong-guang, Huang Dai-fa, He Shun-chuan, Li Yu-jie 2013, 17 (50):  8775-8780.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.50.024 Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (713KB) ( 540 )   Save BACKGROUND: Current cardiac bioprostheses and mechanical valves are shown to have some flaws and shortcomings, and tissue-engineered heart valves which can avoid these problems are becoming an ideal choice for valve replacement. OBJECTIVE: To explore the experimental progress in the construction of tissue-engineered heart valves. METHODS: Experimental studies related to tissue-engineered heart valves were retrieved in databases. Three main elements for tissue-engineered heart valves are seed cells, scaffold materials, and cell seeding. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cardiac valve repair and replacement is the primarily surgical treatment for valvular heart disease. At present, seed cells mainly for construction of tissue-engineered heart valves include vascular endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The acellular scaffold has good biomechanical properties and histocompatibility. After cell seeding, a continuous cell layer will form on the scaffold surface, which makes it possible to construct tissue-engineered heart valves. Tissue-engineered heart valve has a good prospect, but it is still in the early stage of research and there are still many problems that need to be solved. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics