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03 December 2013, Volume 17 Issue 49 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Morphology and distribution of CD44+/Oct4+ colorectal cancer stem cells Zhang Deng-cai, Liu Bin, Zhang Li-hua, Zhang Cai-lan, Yang Yan-li, Su Qin-jun, Shi Min, Dong Liang, Ha Ying-di 2013, 17 (49):  8461-8467.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.001 Abstract ( 153 )   PDF (2156KB) ( 472 )   Save BACKGROUND: More and more studies employ CD44 as a specific marker of colorectal cancer stem cells. Oct4 is a transcription factor of embryonic stem cells, and it has been discovered recently that there is a higher expression in primary colorectal carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the quantity, location and distribution of CD44+/Oct4+ cells in primary colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: A totally of 108 cases of human colorectal carcinoma and 18 cases of normal mucosa, 18 cases of adenoma were collected and made into three tissue microarrays, each containing of 48 dots. The locations of CD44+/Oct4+ cells were detected by double-label immunohistochemical staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The morphologic features of them were investigated on hematoxylin-eosin staining at the same position. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of double-label immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that there were no CD44+/Oct4+ cells in normal intestine mucosa and a very small amount of CD44+/Oct4+ cells in adenoma, and double-positive cells could also be seen in colorectal carcinoma. The number of CD44+/Oct4+ cells was rare and the cells were scattered or distributed focally along the basement of gland basal side. The cells with scarce cytoplasm were square, and its nucleus was oval or high cylindrical, deeply stained and homogeneous. The quantity of CD44+/Oct4+ cells was negatively correlated with the differentiation of colorectal cancer (r=-0.579, P < 0.01), and was associated with the depth of tumor invasion (r=0.236, P < 0.05). These findings indicate that CD44+/Oct4+ cells may be colorectal cancer stem cells. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Red blood cell lysis isolation and culture of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro Zhang Wei-dong, Zhang Fang-biao, Shi Hong-can, Tan Rong-bang, Ye Gang, Li Guang-yu, Pan Shu, Sun Fei 2013, 17 (49):  8468-8473.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.002 Abstract ( 176 )   PDF (890KB) ( 806 )   Save BACKGROUND: Some studies have demonstrated that red blood cell lysate added into the bone marrow can increase the efficiency of isolating and purifying mesenchymal stem cells, in order to obtain high-purity and high-quantity bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To isolate and culture bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rabbit with red blood cell lysis in vitro for exploring proliferation characteristics and performing the biological identification of cells.  METHODS: Bone marrow suspension was collected by puncturing the tibia with medullo-puncture needle. Red blood cell lysis was added to the bone marrow suspension, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured. Numbers of primary cells were recorded at 4, 7, 10, and 13 days later And Growth curves of the cells at passages 2-5 were drawn for comparison of proliferative characteristics. Inverted phase contrast microscope was used to observe the morphological changes of cells. CD34, CD44 antigens of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were identified by flow cytometry and immunity fluorescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The adherent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells mainly showed s spindle shape, with homogeneous nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and rich cytoplasm, which were positive for CD44 antigen and negative for CD34 antigen. The primary cells exhibited an “S” shape. Passage 4 cells had a better proliferative ability, rapider growth and more counting of cells as compared with other generations. These findings indicate that red blood cell lysis method is a feasible ways of culturing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 0 in vitro, and passage 4 cells have the strongest proliferation capacity. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hypoxic preconditioning effects on the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells tolerant to ischemia and hypoxia Xu Qiao-yan, Xia Lin, Wang Ji-chang 2013, 17 (49):  8474-8480.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.003 Abstract ( 195 )   PDF (398KB) ( 427 )   Save BACKGROUND: According to the previous studies, it is known that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells live in the physiological environment of lower oxygen concentration compared with the common culture concentration (20%-21%). Hypoxia can promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells proliferation and maintain the characteristics of differentiation potential. OBJECTIVE: To understand the biological characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after hypoxic preconditioning, and search for in vitro basis for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells therapy in vivo with hypoxic preconditioning strategy. METHODS: After passage and inoculation, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in the hypoxic incubator (1% O2, 5% CO2). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured in the normoxic incubator (20% O2, 5% CO2) served as controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured under normoxia (20%O2), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured under hypoxia (1% O2) began to display exponential growth phase after a longer incubation period. Hypoxia (1% O2) was not the lethal condition for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell survival rates of both groups reduced over time, while those of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured under normoxia reduced faster (P < 0.05). Surface markers expression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, including CD29(+), CD90(+), CD31(-), CD45(-), after hypoxic preconditioning did not change greatly when compared with the results before hypoxic preconditioning. The hypoxia preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells did not differentiate into vascular endothelial cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α protein expression was promoted after 24 hours to 48 hours hypoxic preconditioning, and there was significant difference between the two time points (P < 0.05). Vascular endothelial growth factor expression increased at both transcriptional and protein levels after 48 hours hypoxic preconditioning (P < 0.05). Culture under hypoxia (1% O2) does not produce a lethal effect on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and can be used for hypoxic preconditioning. Surface markers of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after 48 hours hypoxic preconditioning exhibit no great changes and the hypoxia preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells maintain the characteristics of stemness. Hypoxic preconditioning can promote the ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to survive under hypoxia/ ischemic condition. The activation of the hypoxic response signal transduction pathway through hypoxia-inducible factor-1α may explain this. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mangiferin protects bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis Li Xiao-feng, Luo Shi-xing, Zhao Jin-min, Cheng Jian-wen, Tan Zhen 2013, 17 (49):  8481-8487.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.004 Abstract ( 175 )   PDF (1111KB) ( 374 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hypoxic death limits application of cells in transplantation and tissue regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of mangiferin on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells against hypoxia injury-induced apoptosis resulted from cobalt chloride. METHODS: Rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were in vitro cultured and hypoxia cell model was established by cobalt chloride. Model cells were treated with mangiferin. Protective effects of mangiferin were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected using flow cytometry.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cobalt chloride significantly inhibited growth of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptosis rate of cells was (42.49±3.96)% after treated with 200 μmol/L cobalt chloride for 12 hours, (46.37±4.49)% after treated for 24 hours. With increasing concentration of mangiferin, apoptosis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxic model was gradually reduced (P < 0.01), indicating that mangiferin has a protective effect in a concentration-dependent manner on rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxic injury. Cobalt chloride can induce hypoxic model successfully in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. There are some advantages of accurate dose control, no special equipment requirements, and easy operation. Mangiferin can effectively inhibit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells apoptosis under hypoxic injury. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mobilization of autologous bone marrow stem cells is involved in cell apoptosis and proliferation following renal ischemia-reperfusion injuries Bi Ling-yun, Yang Da-sheng, Zhao De-an, Liang Bin, Zhang Rui-xia, Bai Hai-tao 2013, 17 (49):  8488-8497.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.005 Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (2624KB) ( 338 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow stem cells are defined by their multi-potential ability, and can be differentiated into intrinsic cells in the kidney. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of mobilizing autologous bone marrow stem cells by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor plus stem cell factor on cell apoptosis and proliferation of rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.   METHODS: Totally 160 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, model group, cytokine treatment group, cytokine control group. Rat models of unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury were established in the model and cytokine treatment groups. Rats in the cytokine treatment group and cytokine control group received subcutaneous injection of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (50 μg/kg) and stem cell factor (200 μg/kg), once a day, for 5 continuous days. Rats in the model and control groups had no treatment. Apoptotic cells were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method, and the expression of CD34-positive cells, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the kidney were measured using immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of CD34-positive cells in renal tissue of the cytokine treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group and model group (P < 0.05). The apoptotic index and expression of Capase-3 in the model group and cytokine treatment group were higher than those in the control group and cytokine control group (P < 0.05). The apoptotic index and expression of Capase-3 in the cytokine treatment group were lower than that in the model group (P < 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 in the model group and cytokine treatment group was higher than that in the control group and cytokine control group (P < 0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 in the cytokine treatment group was higher than that in the model group (P < 0.05); however, as time went on, Bcl-2 expression was obviously decreased. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expressed both in the model group and in the cytokine treatment group. Additionally, the proliferative index reached peak at 24 days in the model group, and then decreased gradually; while in the cytokine treatment group, it reached the peak at 10 days, maintained a high level until the 17th day, and then decreased gradually. Mobilization of autologous bone marrow stem cells by combination of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and stem cell factor can increase proliferation and decrease apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and thus, promote the recovery from renal tubular injury. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for high-metastatic potential hepatocellular carcinoma Li Tian-ran, Du Xiang-ke, Song Bin, Wei Zheng-mao, Huo Tian-long 2013, 17 (49):  8498-8504.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.006 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (863KB) ( 366 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the chemotaxis and homing role that promotes immune system reconstruction, eliminate residual lesions and prevent recurrence in patients. OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation into high-metastatic potential hepatocellular carcinoma animal models on metastatic potential of high-metastatic potential hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: Nude mouse models of high-metastatic potential hepatocellular carcinoma were established in vivo. In the experimental group, 5×105 cells were injected via the tail vein on day 7 after tumor inoculation, twice a week. In the control group, cell culture medium, 0.2 mL per mouse, was injected by the tail vein. After the start of the experiment, tumor volume was measured every 4 days. After tumor inoculation for 14 days, 21 days, 28 days, 35 days, 42 days, animal models were sacrificed, and then tumor mass and body mass were recorded to calculate the inhibition rate. PCR was employed to detect osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and integrin α Ⅴ mRNA expression, as well as bcl-2, bax, caspase3 mRNA expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The inhibition rate of tumor mass showed the best results in week 3. As time went on, the tumor inhibition rate was gradually decreased. Metastasis-related biological factors showed a gradual down-regulated trend, indicating the polarization of tumor apoptotic indexes, that is, anti-apoptotic factor, bcl-2, showed a decreasing trend, while apoptotic factors, bax and caspase3, appeared to have a gradually increased trend. These findings suggest that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells effects to inhibit high-metastatic potential hepatocellular carcinoma animal models appear to vary with time. After human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for 3 weeks, the inhibition performance on high-metastatic potential hepatocellular carcinoma is the best, and then it weakens with time. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are found to inhibit the metastatic potential of hepatocellular carcinoma. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Improved platelet-rich plasma effects on the proliferation and immunogenicity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Li Si-han, Duan Jian-min, Li Hong-tao, Wen Jun 2013, 17 (49):  8505-8511.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.007 Abstract ( 149 )   PDF (2105KB) ( 351 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous experiments have shown that improved platelet-rich plasma can promote the proliferation of human dental pulp cells in a concentration-dependent manner, particularly when the concentration is 10%. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of platelet-rich plasma at different concentrations on the proliferation and immunogenicity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from healthy donors were cultured and passaged for 3-4 passages, identified by flow cytometry and differentiation inductions. Platelet-rich plasma samples which were manufactured from the venous blood of the same donor were used for culturing human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was measured by cell counting kit-8 method and the growth curves were drawn. The most suitable concentration of platelet-rich plasma was selected to culture human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for three generations and the Stro-1 expression rate on the surface of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was determined through flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Platelet-rich plasma at the concentration of 5%-10% evidently promoted the proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the 6th and 8th days. The most effective concentration to promote the proliferation was 10%. Platelet-rich plasma at the concentration of 10% still promoted the proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the 10th day, and maintained a better immunogenicity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells compared to the control group. These findings indicate that platelet-rich plasma can promote the proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and 10% platelet-rich plasma is better to maintain the immunogenicity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Salidroside and cholestatic serum induce differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes Du Chao, Jiang Ming-de, Zeng Wei-zheng, Gao Yong 2013, 17 (49):  8512-8519.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.008 Abstract ( 128 )   PDF (2086KB) ( 556 )   Save BACKGROUND: A large number of experiments have confirmed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes under the induction of cytokines and specific micro-environment, and have been widely used in clinical alternative treatment for terminal liver disease, but the optimal inducing conditions are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility and validity of differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes with a culture system containing salidroside and cholestatic rat serum in vitro. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated by plastic adherence from the whole bone marrow of health rats, and cell phenotypes were identified using the flow assay; cholestatic serum was prepared by common bile duct ligation. Passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were randomly divided into three groups for in vitro induction by the different culture systems: blank control group: basic medium plus 5% cholestatic serum; salidroside group: basic medium plus 5% cholestatic serum plus 30 µmol/L salidroside; positive control group: basic medium plus 5% cholestatic serum plus 20 µg/L hepatocyte growth factor. Changes of cell morphology during culture time were observed in each group, reverse transcription-PCR assay and western blot assay were used to expression of hepatocyte-specific proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells highly expressed CD90, CD105, but did not express CD45, CD14, CD34, and CD79a. Polygonal and binucleate cells appeared in the three groups during the procedure of induction. The mRNA and protein expression of alpha-fetoprotein and albumin emerged in the three groups on the 7th day; in the same period, the lowest expression ratio was in the blank control group (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the salidroside and positive control groups (P > 0.05). Combination of salidroside and cholestatic serum can effectively induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into hepatocytes. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells at different gestational age for myocardium revascularization after myocardial infarction Wu Li-ping, Cai Li, Tao Jian-hong, Cao Mei, Zhu Yi-fan, Li Jin-song, Wang Yan 2013, 17 (49):  8520-8526.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.009 Abstract ( 109 )   PDF (2228KB) ( 464 )   Save BACKGROUND: Transplantation of stem cells has a beneficial effect on myocardium revascularization and improving cardiac function after myocardial infarction, and HLA-G protein contributes to the formation and maintenance of the immune tolerance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the transplantation effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells at different gestational age with different HLA-G expression levels on myocardium revascularization after myocardial infarction in rabbits. METHODS: Thirty healthy New Zealand rabbits were selected and were randomly divided into human small gestational age umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation group, human full-term umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation group and control group. After the rabbits models of acute myocardial infarction had been established, the former two groups were infused different umbilical cord-derived human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine into the edge and center of myocardial infarct region by multipoint injection. Rabbits in the control group were subjected to an equal volume of serum-free culture medium. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Four weeks after cell transplantation, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine-positive cells were found surrounding the infarct site in both transplantation groups. Myocardial fibrosis and myocardial infarct size were significantly lower in both transplantation groups than those of the control group (P < 0.05), and there was a significant difference between the two transplantation groups (P < 0.01). The positive staining of factor VII indicated that capillary density was increased significantly in the small gestational age umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation group as compared with the full-term umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation group (P < 0.01), and a sstatistical difference was found between two transplantation groups and the control group (P < 0.01). Transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells with high HLA-G expression increases new capillary vessels and improves myocardium revascularization. All indicate that human small gestational age umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to become the better source of cardiomyocytes transplantation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Intraperitoneal transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of acute liver injury in rats Zheng Xue-feng, Liu Xia 2013, 17 (49):  8527-8531.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.010 Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (2007KB) ( 342 )   Save BACKGROUND: In vitro experiments have confirmed that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can be induced to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, thus which can be considered to function as liver repair. OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on acute liver injuries in rats through in vivo animal experiments. METHODS: Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group without modeling, cell transplantation group, and PBS group. Rat models of acute liver injury were prepared by 10% CCl4-olive oil solution in the cell transplantation and PBS groups which were followed by intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mL human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell suspension and 0.5 mL PBS, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that pathological changes related to acute liver injury appeared at 24 hours after intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. Then, the liver structure recovered at 7 days after cell transplantation, but it did not recover till the 14th day after PBS injection. Compared with the normal control group, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly increased in the other two groups (P < 0.05-0.01). In the cell transplantation group, the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly lower than those in the PBS group at 3 days after treatment (P < 0.05-0.01), and recovered normally after 7 days. Cells positive for anti-human nucleoprotein antibody were found in the portal area of liver tissues in the cell transplantation group after 3 days of transplantation, and then cells positive for anti-human albumin antibody appeared after 7 days. These findings indicate that intraperitoneal transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can improve liver function and repair injured liver tissues after acute liver injury in rats to some extent. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells preconditioned with hydrogen sulfide in the treatment of rat myocardial infarction Xie Yang-jing, Wang Ai-ling, Guo Zeng, Li Cong-sheng, Wang Chun-miao, Hao Yu-yu 2013, 17 (49):  8532-8538.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.011 Abstract ( 136 )   PDF (2289KB) ( 380 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation can promote cardiac repair after myocardial infarction, but it has been limited by the low cell survival rate. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the BMSCs transplantation for treatment of myocardial infarction. METHODS: BMSCs were separated and cultivated form Sprague-Dawley rats weighing (100±20) g. The 4th generation cells were used for later experiment, and marked by DAPI at 2 hours before use. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing (200±20) g had been divided into five groups: Sham group (n=10) and four transplantation groups: BMSCs (n=10), H2S-BMSCs (n=10), H2S (n=10), normal saline (n=10). The myocardial infarction model of four groups was established except of sham group (only thread without ligation). The cardiac function was measured by echocardiogram at 4 weeks after cell transplantation. The collagen in the infarction area was tested by Masson staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Severe myocardial fibrosis was found in the normal saline group, with no myocardial regeneration in the infarct area. H2S-BMSCs group had less collagen and more cardiac muscle tissue than BMSCs or H2S groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening of the H2S-BMSCs group were significantly higher than those of the BMSCs or H2S groups (P < 0.05). The cells survival rate and cardiac function of myocardial infarction rats can be promoted by H2S-preconditioned BMSCs transplantation, which is superior to BMSCs or H2S alone. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation promotes tendon graft healing in a bone tunnel Yang Li-feng, Liu Wei, Zhou Ye, Feng Zi-shan, Zhang Li, Zhao Wei, Li Zhi 2013, 17 (49):  8539-8544.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.012 Abstract ( 149 )   PDF (1834KB) ( 471 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells with strong proliferative ability have rich sources and can remarkably promote tendon-bone healing after cell transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells on tendon-bone healing in a bone tunnel. METHODS: Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells were separated using adherent separation screening method. Thirty 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, 15 rats as experimental group and 15 rats as control group. Experimental group were subjected to transplantation of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells and the control group were injected with saline solution. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stem cells, new vessels, and fibrocartilage hyperplasia were observed on the tendon-bone interface with microscope at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after cell transplantation in the experimental group. Biomechanically, the maximum pullout load in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 4 and 6 weeks after cell transplantation (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells can accelerate early tendon-bone healing in a bone tunnel and strengthen the biomechanical strength. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on acute lung injury in newborn rats Tu Hui-ying, Wu Ben-qing, Chen Li, He Wu-shi, Ding Lu, Huang Jin-jie 2013, 17 (49):  8545-8550.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.013 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (767KB) ( 449 )   Save BACKGROUND: A series of studies have found that mesenchymal stem cells play an important role in the prevention and cure of acute lung injury in adult animals. OBJECTIVE: To further validate the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in newborn rats. METHODS: Totally 120 newborn rats aged 7 days were randomly assigned to three groups. Intraperitoneal injection of 3 mg/kg endotoxin was done to establish neonatal rat model of acute lung injury in the model and stem cell group. Rats in the normal saline group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 mL normal saline. After 30 minutes of modeling, the rats in the stem cell group were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (1×106). The same volume of normal saline was administered in the normal saline and model groups. Lung tissue and blood specimens from newborn rats were taken at 6 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, and 7 days after treatment to observe lung pathological changes and detect levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 as well as myeloperoxidase activity in the lung tissue. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The lung hematoxylin-eosin staining and myeloperoxidase activity indicated acute lung injury in the model group. At 4 and 7 days after modeling, the severity of lung injury in the stem cell group was lighter than that in the model group. Compared with the model group, the interleukin-10 level was significantly increased in the stem cell group, while the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into newborn rats with acute lung injury can reduce lung inflammation, and the main mechanism may be that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can balance anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors and reduce lung injury through immune regulation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sequential cytokine induced killer cells therapy for acute myeloid leukemia after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation Wan Ding-ming, Li Li, Xie Xin-sheng, Sun Ling, Sun Hui, Jiang Zhong-xing, Zhang Yi, Cao Wei-jie, Bian Zhi-lei, Zhou Xue-fang 2013, 17 (49):  8551-8556.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.014 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (711KB) ( 467 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cytokine induced killer cells therapy as an effective means of adoptive immunotherapy, becomes a new way to treat acute myeloid leukemia. But, the researches about sequential cytokine induced killer cells therapy after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia patients are still less, which deserve further research. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficiency and safety of sequential cytokine induced killer cells therapy after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia M2 patients. METHODS: Totally 45 patients with low- or intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia M2 were recruited in this study. Among them, 19 patients received sequential cytokine induced killer cells therapy after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and 26 patients only received autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The relapse rate, disease-free survival, and overall survival were compared between two groups, and safety of cytokine induced killer cells therapy was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the patients only receiving autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, the relapse rate was lower (21.05% vs. 38.46%; P < 0.05), and elevated percentages of the disease-free survival and overall survival were observed in the patients receiving sequential cytokine induced killer cells therapy after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (P < 0.05). (2) The 19 patients who received sequential cytokine induced killer cells therapy after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation all completed the treatment scheme successfully. Only four patients appeared to have chills and fever, and no more side effects were observed. These findings suggested that the sequential cytokine induced killer cells therapy after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation can improve the disease-free survival and overall survival of low- or intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia M2 patients without remarkable side effects, which is a safe, effective and feasible way for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia M2. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell transplantation is safe for treatment of coronary heart disease with heart failure Zhang Ming, Yu Le 2013, 17 (49):  8557-8562.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.015 Abstract ( 109 )   PDF (732KB) ( 360 )   Save BACKGROUND: Number of experimental and clinical studies have shown that stem cell transplantation can establish new blood vessels and improve heart function instead of necrotic myocardium, to significantly improved clinical symptoms and prognosis of cardiovascular disease patients. OBJECTIVE: To observe the safety of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells transplantation in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure. METHODS: A total of 12 patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure (acute myocardial infarction and heart failure in six cases, old myocardial infarction and heart failure in six cases) were enrolled in this study. Patients were treated on the basis of standard medication and percutaneous coronary intervention. The coronary pathway was established via a percutaneous catheter, and suspension of cord blood mononuclear cells was injected through microcatheter into the distal artery. Routine blood test was carried out at 1 week after cell transplantation, blood routine, liver function, kidney function, C-reactive protein, IgA, IgG were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The incidence of adverse reactions in cord blood stem cell transplantation was 8.3%, including one case of fever. No micro-embolism occurred. During 1-week follow-up, no graft-versus-host disease appeared. After cell transplantation, there were no significant changes in blood routine, liver function, kidney function, C-reactive protein, IgA, IgG. These findings indicate umbilical cord blood monomuclear cells transplantation is safe in a short term for patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of transforming growth factor beta1 on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro Lü Yang, Liu Bo, Wang Hai-ping 2013, 17 (49):  8563-8569.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.016 Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (2241KB) ( 382 )   Save BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor β1 is a cytokine that can regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion and apoptosis and have an important role in developmental biology and tissue repair process. OBJECTIVE: To explore the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro induced by transforming growth factor beta1. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured from the bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley rats. Then, passage 2 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced by transforming growth factor beta1. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells without induction served as controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The morphology of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after induced by transforming growth factor beta1 for 7 days became larger and extended. Most of induced cells became long shuttle-shaped and paralleled, and a few arranged irregularly. After 14 days, most cells became rod-shape and touched with adjacent cells to form myotube-shape. Up to 28 days, the induced cells became smaller, showed fusiform shape and arranged tightly. After induced by transforming growth factor beta1 for 4 weeks, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could be identified by the positive staining for desmin, tropomyosin, connexin 43 and cardiac troponin I. The integral absorbance values in the induction group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.01). According to the positive rate of cardiac troponin I, the conversion rate of cardiomyocyte-like cells in the induction group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.000). Immunofluorescence double-labeling assay showed that after induced by transforming growth factor beta1 for 4 weeks, desmin and cardiac troponin I proteins were localized in the cytoplasm and showed co-expression. Transmission electron microscope showed that the induced cells had a cardiomyocyte-like ultrastructure: a lot of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticula and ribosomes were founded in the cytoplasm, and paralleled myofilaments could be seen in the cytoplasm. It is indicated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro after induced by transforming growth factor beta1. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transforming growth factor-beta 3 induces differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into fibrochondrocytes Lei Sheng-nan, Fan Xing 2013, 17 (49):  8570-8575.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.017 Abstract ( 91 )   PDF (2062KB) ( 482 )   Save BACKGROUND: The repair of temporomandibular joint disc is still a great clinical challenge. Pluripotent adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells bring a hope for fibrocartilage tissue repair. Up to now, there are few studies concerning transforming growth factor-β3 to induce differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into fibrochondrocytes. OBJECTIVE: To observe the growth and morphology of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells under the induction of transforming growth factor-β3. METHODS: We observed the morphology of fibrochondrocytes differentiated from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells under the induction of transforming growth factor-β3. Histological and immunofluorescence staining were employed to detect the expression of extracellular matrix Ⅰ, Ⅱ collagens and proteoglycansthe produced by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. We also evaluated the feasibility of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells for fibrocartilage tissue engineering. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under the inverted fluorescence microscope, induced cells showed obvious aggregation growth, polygonal shape, and increased secretion of extracellular matrix. Alcian blue staining results showed that under the induction of transforming growth factor-β3, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibited the distinctly deep blue, indicating a large number of glycosaminoglycan was synthesized. Immunostaining results showed that under the induction of transforming growth factor β3, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells synthesized extracellular matrix Ⅰ, Ⅱ collagen. These findings suggest that transforming growth factor β3 can induce adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into fibrouscartilage-like cells, and that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells can serve as seed cells for fibrocartilage tissue engineering. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation, culture and identification of nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells from adult rats in vitro Rui Yun-feng, Wang Shan-zheng, Xie Xin-hui, Sun Ming-hui, Lin Yu-cheng, Li Gang, Wang Chen 2013, 17 (49):  8576-8582.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.018 Abstract ( 135 )   PDF (2147KB) ( 561 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, cellular composition and the features of the nucleus pulposus are still not to be clarified. OBJECTIVE: To establish the in vitro culture system of rat nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells and to identify their multi-lineage differentiation potential. METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells from the nucleus pulposus tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured in vitro. Then, cells at passage 3 were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes as experimental group. Cells cultured with basic culture medium served as controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cells isolated from rat nucleus pulposus could form the sunflower-like colonies and exhibit clone-like growth when they cultured at a low density. Cells at passage 3 became homogeneous and exhibited fibroblast-like morphology. After 28 days of osteogenic induction, arizarin red positive signals were detected in the experimental group. The mRNA expressions of RunX2, osteopontin and osteocalcin were significantly increased in the experimental group, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). After 21 days of adipogenic induction, oil red-O positive cells were detected in the experimental group. The mRNA expressions of C/EBPα and PPARγ2 were significantly increased in the experimental group, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). After 21 days of chondrogenic induction, safranin O/fast green staining was positive in the experimental group. The mRNA expressions of aggrecan and Col2a1 were significantly increased in the experimental group, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Our findings in this study suggested that nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells could be isolated from the Sprague-Dawley rat nucleus pulposus and exhibited clonal-like growth when they were cultured in vitro. These cells were confirmed to have the potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes in vitro. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Proliferating a large amount of human amnion mesenchymal stem cells in vitro Bi Wei-wei, He Li-rong, Li Chao, Nie De-zhi 2013, 17 (49):  8583-8589.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.019 Abstract ( 440 )   PDF (2137KB) ( 477 )   Save BACKGROUND: Amnion mesenchymal-derived stem cells are obtained from the placenta with a placenta amniotic membrane of about 600 cm2. OBJECTIVE: To establish a kind of simple isolation and culture method of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human amnion in vitro, and to explore their biological properties. METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human amnion were harvested by trypsin digestion combined with direct adherence. The morphology of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells was observed. The passage 5 cells were collected to draw a cell growth curve. Surface markers and cell cycle of the passage 5 cells were determined using flow cytometry. Passage 4 cells were obtained for osteogenic and adipogenic induction. After 4 months of cryopreservation, the resuscitated passage 4 cells were counted to determine cell survival rate and draw the cell growth curve. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A few of cells creped at day after primary seeding. About after 15 days, 80%-90% cells fused in a spindle shape. After passage, the cells showed even morphology and arranged spirally. The latency period of the passaged cells was 48 hours and logarithmic growth phase was about 4 days. After logarithmic growth phase, the cells entered the platform period. The flow cytometry results showed negative expression of CD34, CD14, HLA-DR, CD19, CD45, but positive expression of CD73, CD105, CD90 on the surface of mesenchymal stem cells. The alizarin red and oil red O staining was positive and confirmed osteogenic and adipogenic capacity of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Flow cytometry results showed that 28% cells were in S phase. After cryopreservation, the survival rate of resuscitated cells was up to 90%, and the resuscitated cells had the same growth characteristic with the non-cryopreserved cells. These results confirm a simple method to proliferate a great amount of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Neurogenin2 gene-regulated Schwann cells differentiate into neurons Xu Xin-long, Xie Qing-song, Pan Hong-song, Wei Xiao-jie, Chen Zai-feng 2013, 17 (49):  8590-8595.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.020 Abstract ( 109 )   PDF (1772KB) ( 804 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is confirmed that astrocytes can differentiate into neurons by Neurogenin2 gene regulation, suggesting that Schwann cells may also differentiate into neurons by gene regulation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of Schwann cells differentiating into neurons by Neurogenin2 gene regulation. METHODS: Rats Schwann cells were isolated, purified and identified. Then the Schwann cells were transfected with Neurogenin2 via green fluorescent protein gene-plentivirus. To induce neuronal differentiation, the Schwann cells were cultured in serum-free Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor for 2 weeks. The morphology of induced cells was observed by microscope, and myelin basic protein and neuron-specific enolase were detected by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After transfection with Neurogenin2 via green fluorescent protein gene-plentivirus and induced differentiation, immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that 12.56% of the induced cell expressed neuron-specific enolase, but the control group did not express neuron-specific enolase. Neurogenin2 gene-transfected Schwann cells can express neuron-specific enolase, suggesting Neurogenin2 gene may regulate transdifferentiation of Schwann cells into neurons. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Some leukocyte differentiation antigens express in side population cells in leukemia K562 cell line Fan Rui-hua, Guo Dian-xuan, Zhang Tie-cheng, Yue Shun, Huang Ming-de, Yao Rong 2013, 17 (49):  8596-8601.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.021 Abstract ( 225 )   PDF (827KB) ( 389 )   Save BACKGROUND: To study the phenotypes of side population cells in leukemia is important for understanding the heterogeneity and origin of tumor cells, molecular markers and targeted therapy. OBJECTIVE: To identify whether the human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line-K562 contains side population cells or not, and to further observe the differences in expressions of leukocyte differentiation antigens from side population cell subset and non-side population cells subset. METHODS: Flow cytometry was used to detect whether there were side population cells in the K562 cell lines. Then, the expression of CD34+, CD34+CD38-, CD34+CD38+, HLA-DR+ cells in the side population subsets and non-side population subsets. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry results showed that the K562 cell line contained side population cells, and the proportion of side population cells was much lower. The side population cells accounted for (2.7±0.5)% of viable cells in K562. The expressions of CD34+ cells and CD34+CD38- cells in the side population subset were significantly higher than those in the non-side population subsets. The expressions of CD34+CD38+ cells and HLA-DR+ cells in the side population subset and non-side population subset did not have a significant difference. Heterogeneity was found in the differentiation antigen expression between the side population subset and non-side population subset. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Autologous stem cells transplantation in the treatment of critical limb ischemia Li Mao, Huang Wen 2013, 17 (49):  8602-8607.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.022 Abstract ( 175 )   PDF (581KB) ( 523 )   Save BACKGROUND: Critical limb ischemia is difficult to be treated among the peripheral arterial occlusive diseases, and the application of transplanting autologous stem cells can bring a hope for the treatment of this disease. OBJECTIVE: To review the autologous stem cells transplantation in the treatment of critical limb ischemia at present, and to study the mechanism and the existing problems. METHODS: A computer retrieval of PubMed database, Wanfang database, and CNKI database was conducted to search the related articles with the keywords of “stem cell, transplant, critical limb ischemia” in English and Chinese. Finally, 47 articles were included in final analysis according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Autologous stem cells transplantation for treatment of lower extremity ischemic disease is a latest and significantly effective treatment, but the mechanism is unclear and still needs further study. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Induced pluripotent stem cells and cell reprogramming technologies Zhao Xing, Huang Yuan-hua, Ma Yan-lin 2013, 17 (49):  8608-8614.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.023 Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (656KB) ( 523 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, the development of reprogramming technology provides a wide prospect for stem cell research. Through the ectopic co-expression of reprogramming factors, the somatic cells can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state, termed as induced pluripotent stem cells, which can avoid the ethical controversy faced in the research and application of embryonic stem cells. Also, we can generate patient-specific and disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells, which significantly decrease immuno-rejection. However, reprogramming technology faces some challenges, such as low efficiency and safety. OBJECTIVE: Based on the characteristics of induced pluripotent stem cells and the principles of reprogramming, to detail the progress in reprogramming technology from five aspects, including cell resources, carriers, transcription factors, microRNA and signal transduction pathway.     METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval was performed to search papers published form January 1990 to April 2013 in VIP periodical full-text database, Wanfang periodical full-text database, CNKI periodical full-text database, PubMed database and Springer database with key words of “reprogramming, induced pluripotent stem cell, signal transduction pathway, epigenetics, microRNA, transcription factor, vector, somatic cell, small molecule compound, safety” both in Chinese and English. After excluding objective-independent papers, 67 papers were included for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: By exploring different cell resources, different carriers, various combination of transcription factors, microRNAs or inhibition of the signal transduction pathways, the reprogramming efficiency and safety have been improved greatly. However, currently, induced pluripotent stem cells still could not meet the requirement of clinical application. To achieve the clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cells, it is urgent to explore the mechanism of reprogramming, and to optimize the programming strategy. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Traditional Chinese medicine intervention for stem cell transplantation in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases  Wang Yan, Xiong Jie 2013, 17 (49):  8615-8620.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.49.024 Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (656KB) ( 606 )   Save BACKGROUND: Stem cells under appropriate conditions can be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells. Chinese herbs can function in cell proliferation and differentiation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the interventional effects of traditional Chinese medicine on stem cell transplantation in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. METHODS: Experimental studies concerning traditional Chinese medicine intervention for stem cell transplantation were retrieved and analyzed. Under specific conditions, stem cells can proliferate in vitro in a suspended or monolayer manner, and can be potentially induced to differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, thereby providing basis for stem cell transplantation in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. We observed expressions of nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and microtubule-associated protein expression for analysis of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Baicalin or Astragalus saponin Ⅳ can stimulate stem cells to differentiate into nerve cells in vitro. Naomaitong or danshen combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can promote neurological recovery from cerebrovascular diseases in rats. Buyang Huanwu Decoction can significantly promote the proliferation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone and neurological recovery after cerebral ischemia. Chinese herbs, such as Zhichan Decoction and Panax notoginseng, can promote survival of transplanted cells and prevent most cell apoptosis in the stem cell therapy for treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Therapy of benefiting qi and elevating yang or ginsenosides Rg1 combined with stem cell therapy can improve memory ability of dementia rats. Traditional Chinese medicine exerts a catalytic role in the stem cell therapy for cerebrovascular diseases. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics