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12 March 2011, Volume 15 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor on rat osteoblasts Xu Ping, Zhang Ke-qin, Liu Chao, Chen Jun-jian, Yuan Guo-yue, Yu Li, Qian Fang-fang 2011, 15 (11):  1901-1904.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.001 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (1130KB) ( 421 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (rhIGF-Ⅰ) is rich in osteoblasts, which has close contact with bone mineral density.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of rhIGF-Ⅰ on proliferation, apoptosis and synthesis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of rat osteoblasts in vitro. METHODS: Rat calvaria cells were cultured in medium with or without rhIGF-Ⅰ. The living cell number was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was added in the medium to induce apoptosis. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry after the cells were incubated with medium containing TNF-α or TNF-α plus rhIGF-Ⅰ. The ALP content within osteoblasts was measured by PNPP method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cell number of osteoblasts exposed to rhIGF-Ⅰ at 102-105 ng/mL significantly increased compared with control group (P < 0.05). TNF-α (102-105 ng/L) caused a dose-dependent increase of apoptosis (P < 0.05) and decreased the cell number in S phase (P < 0.05). rhIGF-Ⅰ inhibited the inducement of TNF-α for apoptosis. The ALP activity in rhIGF-Ⅰ-treated cells was higher than that in vehicle-treated cells (P  < 0.05). IGF-Ⅰ can stimulate proliferation of osteoblasts and inhibit apoptosis induced by TNF-α in vitro, these results suggested that increasing the cell number of osteoblasts might be one of the mechanisms for IGF-Ⅰ to promote bone formation. IGF-Ⅰ can increase ALP synthesis in osteoblasts in vitro, this result suggested that IGF-Ⅰ could probably promote the synthesis of organic matrix and mineralize action of bone. Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation of estrogen for chondrocyte proliferation in the rib growth plate Li Ji-bin, Li Hai-qi, Wang Song-yan 2011, 15 (11):  1905-1908.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.002 Abstract ( 460 )   PDF (1166KB) ( 486 )   Save BACKGROUND: Estrogen is an indispensable factor in the closure of growth plate. However, no experiment studies the effect of estrogen on chondrocytes proliferation, cell cycle or ultrastructure alteration during apoptosis.  OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of estrogen on regulating chondrocytes proliferation and senescence of the ribs growth plate. METHODS: Totally 30 New Zealand white rabbits were prepared for ovariectomized models and received either estradiol benzoate (estradiol group) or sterilized cottonseed oil (model group). All rabbits were sacrificed at 23, 26 and 29 weeks. BrdU was subcutaneous injected at 7 and 1 hours before execution. The BrdU positive rate of growth plates from the ribs was detected by immunohistochemistry. The chondrocytes cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry, and ultrastructure was observed by a transmission electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BrdU positive-staining rate of both groups were gradually decreased. During early time (23 to 26 weeks of age), the percentage of BrdU positive-staining chondrocytes in the estradiol group were higher than those of the model group (P < 0.05), but the differences had no significance at 39 weeks of age (P > 0.05). After the injection of estradiol, there were accumulations of chondrocytes in the S phase of the rib growth plate with higher proliferation index. By the end of the experiment the proliferation index was decreased. Our data suggested that chondrocyte proliferation was enhanced by estrogen during the early time with significant replicative senescence induced thereafter and causing the process of growth plate senescence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Implanted microwave ablation of bone in vitro Ke Jin, Yin Qing-shui, Zhang Yu, Zhang Tao, Xu Liang 2011, 15 (11):  1909-1912.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.003 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (1128KB) ( 482 )   Save BACKGROUND: Microwave high temperature can deactivate bone tumor cells directly and maintain bone supporting effect.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ablation effects of implanted microwave on bone in vitro. METHODS: The rigid implanted microwave antenna with internally water-cooled were directly implanted into fresh procine bone in vitro. Microwave power was 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 W, ablation duration was 300 seconds, and frequency was 2450MHz. The maximum and minimum diameter of congeal area was measured. The histomorphology and ultrastructure of congeal area specimen were observed by light microscope and electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bone showed a reproducible lesion. The shapes of ablation lesions were elliptical in the vertical plane while rotund in the horizontal plane, maximum longitudinal and minimum longitudinal of ablation lesions were analyzed and Pathological and ultrastructural changes of the bone were observed, respectively. The ablation size enlarged with the increase of irradiation powers in differential degree. No changes can be observed in pathological. The nucleus disappeared and showed irreversible damage under electron microscope. It demonstrates that implanted microwave has ablation effects on bone in vitro. Related Articles | Metrics

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Brg1 regulates bone morphogenetic protein-2 induced osteogenic differentiation Gao Zhong-ping, Qin Li, Zhang Yue, Geng Qian-qian, Sun Fen-yong 2011, 15 (11):  1913-1917.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.004 Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (1251KB) ( 459 )   Save BACKGROUND: Brg1 is an ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF complex and plays an important role in the regulation of gene transcription, replication and recombination, skeletal muscle differentiation and inhibition carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the Brg1 regulation mechanism in bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)-induced osteogenic differentiation. METHODS: Mouse calvarial osteoblasts were primarily cultured through collagenase digestion and induced differentiation using 0, 50 or 200 μg/L BMP2 to select the optimal dose. Transcription time dynamics analysis of Brg1 was enforced by RT-PCR and Western blot after BMP-2 treatments; ALP staining was used to evaluate the capability of osteogenic differentiation after BMP-2 treatments. The role of BMP-2 on Brg1 mRNA expression level was detected by quantitative RT-PCR and the protein level was detected by Western Blot. Effect of Brg1 on BMP-2-induced differentiation was analyzed by Brg1-siRNA; Ad-Dlx5 was obtained by recombinant adenovirus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BMP-2 could induce the osteogenic differentiation of primarily cultured mouse osteoblast, and the optimal BMP2 induction condition was 200 μg/L. The expression of Brg1 was up-regulated by BMP-2 in primarily cultured mouse osteoblasts. BMP-2 induced the osteogenic differentiation was inhibited by Brg1-siRNA. The expression of Dlx5 was regulated by Brg1. Brg1 could regulate the BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of primarily cultured mouse osteoblast through regulating the expression of Dlx5. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of small heat shock proteins in rat myocardium damaged by ischemia-reperfusion Lu Yan, Chen Ying, Li Zong-bin, Zhao Yu-sheng 2011, 15 (11):  1918-1923.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.005 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (1723KB) ( 382 )   Save BACKGROUND: The protective effects of small heat shock proteins (sHSP), especially the highly expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and α-B crystalline on myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced damage have been confirmed. However, whether this protective effect happened in aged rats remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression changes of HSP27 and α-B crystalline in the myocardium from I/R-induced damage between aged and young rats. METHODS: 24-month aged rats and 2 to 3-months young rats were induced I/R injury by 5 minutes ischemia and 5 minutes reperfusion. The anterior wall of the left ventricular ischemia and posterior wall of non-ischemia were obtained at 0, 5, 15, 45 and 60 minutes. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to examine the expression of α-B crystalline and HSP27 mRNA and protein, respectively. Double immunofluorescence labeling-confocal microscopy was used to observe the translocation of α-B crystalline and HSP27 after I/R. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expressions of α-B crystalline and HSP27 mRNA and protein did not decrease both in aging and young rats, but the abilty of translocation of α-B crystalline and HSP27 protein from the cytosol to sites of the myofibrillar system reduced in aging rats compared with young rats. The present results demonstrate that translocation ability of α-B crystalline and HSP27 in aging rat reduced, which may explain why aging rat heart partly loss the protection role of I/R. Related Articles | Metrics

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Surgical method and stability evaluation to establish animal models of intraspinal venous hypertension Chen Tong, Zhang Hong-qi, Zhang Zhi-ping, Teng Liang-hong, Li Yong-zhong, Guo De-yu, Lu De-hong, Ling Feng 2011, 15 (11):  1924-1928.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.006 Abstract ( 317 )   PDF (802KB) ( 536 )   Save BACKGROUND: A stable spinal cord venous hypertension model can provide a reliable platform for studying spinal cord vessel lesions. Our pre-test has constructed rabbit models with intraspinal venous hypertension successfully. OBJECTIVE: To improve surgical methods and perioperative nursing for a long-term stable model of spinal cord venous hypertension in rabbits. METHODS: Totally 48 rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: acute, short-term, mid-half, and long-term. Eight rabbits in each group were divided into model group and 4 rabbits for sham-sugery group. The model rabbits were arteriovenous fistulas by side to side anastomosis between left renal artery and vein. The distal end of the inferior vena cave as well as its proximal end was ligated, in order to make the arterial blood stream drains anomalously to lumbar veins and internal vertebral veins, resulting in spinal cord congestion and spinal cord venous hypertension. The grade of hind limb function was assayed with Jacobs method, and the kinetic, sensory function of spinal reflex was scored with Reuter method, then observed the rabbits behavior changes continuously. MRI and DSA from femoral artery were performed among rabbit models in each group on time to check the arteriovenous fistulas, and then the animals were sacrificed after perfusion and the spinal cord was removed for histopathologic study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of the 32 animals in the model group, 29 survived. The survival rates were 91%. The patency rates were 79%, but it was lower in long-term group (29%). The kinetic, sensory function of hind limb decreased after operation. MRI showed that there were spinal cord edemas at the corresponding stage. Under light microscopy, the pathological features of spinal cord hypertension were marked capillary expansion and congestion within the spinal cord, perivascular lymphocyte infiltration, Gliosis, hyalinized vascular in spinal cord, neurons cellular degeneration from time to time. Myelin sheath layers loose, the number of mitochondria increased within thin-myelinated fibers and pycnosis neurons could be seen by the transmission electron microscope. It is revealed we establish an animal model of spinal cord injury caused by spinal cord venous hypertension, which simulated spinal cord vascular malformation of human. Related Articles | Metrics

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Interventional effect of Tongluo Shenggu capsules on expression of p38 signal pathway in stress absence induced osteoporosis rats Liu Shao-jun, Zhang Xian, Feng Li-min, Chen Xiao-jun 2011, 15 (11):  1929-1932.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.007 Abstract ( 358 )   PDF (693KB) ( 370 )   Save BACKGROUND: Stress absence is the main reason for osteoporosis in insufficient exercises people. Tongluo Shenggu capsules can promote bone formation, however, its effect on p38 signal pathway remains poorly understood.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of stress absence on p38 expression and the intervention of the Tongluo Shenggu capsules. METHODS: A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. Exception those in the normal control group, all animals were subjected to tail suspension test for preparing stress absence models. Animals in the drug groups were administrated Tongluo Shenggu capsules (0.6 or 1.2 g/kg) once per day. After model preparation, animals were sacrificed and bones of lower leg were observed. The p38 protein level was determined by Western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal control group, the area and thickness of bone tranecula, the amount of osteoblast were decreased obviously in the model group; stress absence induced an increase of the total p38, but had little influence to the amount of phosphorylation p38. High-dose Tongluo Shenggu capsules increased the phosphorylation p38, while low-dose decreased the amount of phosphorylation p38. Stress absence induces osteoporosis, but high-dose Tongluo Shenggu capsules can prevent from osteoporosis via enhancing expression of p38. Related Articles | Metrics

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Interventional effect of pravastain on core binding factor alpha 1 expression in rabbit models with steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head Hu Min, Fan Jian-nan, Zhao Hong-bin, Qian Chuan-yun, Wei Wei, Zhang Yang 2011, 15 (11):  1933-1936.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.008 Abstract ( 259 )   PDF (664KB) ( 420 )   Save BACKGROUND: Statins, such as lovastatin and simvastatin, can up regulate expression of core binding factor α1 (cbfα1) and promote repair of osteonecrosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effect of pravastatin on protein cbfα1 expression in steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) rabbit models. METHODS: Totally 80 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into a normal control group (n=18) and experimental group (n=62). Rabbits in the experimental group were prepared for SANFH models. At 5 weeks after model preparation, 36 rabbits in the model group were assigned into the model and pravastatin groups, with 18 animals in each group. Rabbits in the pravastatin group received intragastric administration with 1.2 mg/kg pravastatin once per day, and the same volume of distilled water was given to those in the model and control groups. Rabbits in each group were killed at 8, 12 and 16 weeks respectively to evaluate of protein cbfα1 expression in the femoral heads using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Positive protein expression of cbfα1 could be found in the control group at different time points; which was negative in the model group at 8 and 12 weeks, but weakly positive at 16 weeks. Expression of cbfα1 was positive in the pravastatin groups at 8, 12 and 16 weeks, which gradually enhanced with time prolonged. The results demonstrated that pravastatin can effectively promote protein cbfα1 in early SANFH rabbit models. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of reverses mechanical characteristics of the femur in osteoporosis rats treated with four kinds of medicines Zhao Bao-lin, Quan Tie-gang, Ma Hong-shun 2011, 15 (11):  1937-1940.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.009 Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (1491KB) ( 520 )   Save BACKGROUND: The prevention, diagnosis and treatment for osteoporosis need to understand the effect of medicine treatment. The reverses mechanical characteristics index is a reliable method for evaluating quality of osteoporosis after drug treatment. OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of several drugs on the treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS: Female Wistar rats, with 4-5 months old, were established osteoporosis models and treated by traditional Chinese medicinal compound preparations (TCMCPs), alendronate, vitamin K and calcium. All rats were sacrificed at 15 weeks after medication. The femur of rats were tested by a torsion test machine at speed of 1 (°)/s. The torque and torsion angle were read, and the fracture surface was observed after sample failure. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The maximum torque, the biggest angle of torsion, and the biggest shear stress of the osteoporosis rats were smaller than those of the normal rats (P < 0.05). After TCMCPs or alendronate treatment, the maximum torque, the biggest angle of torsion, and the biggest shear stress revived to normal levels, but vitamin K and calcium had no obviously effect on reverses mechanical characteristics. The anti-torsional section coefficient was not affected by model preparation or medication. The findings demonstrated that TCMCPs, alendronate, and vitamin K have certain curative effect on treating osteoporosis, the calcium effect is not obvious, and the TCMCPs is best. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of low-frequency pulsed ultrasound on expression of articular cartilage and synovial aquaporin 3 in rabbit knee osteoarthritic models Tang Jin, Huang Liang-ku, Peng Li-hua, Li Dong, Chen Shi-rong 2011, 15 (11):  1941-1944.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.010 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (1456KB) ( 461 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that, low-frequency pulsed ultrasound can promote repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects, delay the progression of knee osteoarthritis. Aquaporin 3 exists on articular cartilage and synovial membrane, which plays an important role in osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of low-frequency pulsed ultrasound on the expression of articular cartilage and synovial aquaporin 3 in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Experimental osteoarthritis was replicated in knees of mature New Zealand rabbits by fixing their left back knees straightenedly in plaster cast. The experimental animals received IFPUS therapy, of which the intensity was 2.0 W, and the frequency was 1 MHz. The IFPUS therapy was administered once a day and lasted for 15 minutes every time. For the control group, sham US therapy was administered. The immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of articular cartilage and synovial aquaporin 3 at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after therapy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the modeling time prolonged, the expression of articular cartilage and synovial aquaporin 3 in each group were increased. Compared with the control group, the expression of articular cartilage and synovial aquaporin 3 was lower in the experimental group (P < 0.01). It is suggested that the low-frequency pulsed ultrasound might reduce the expression of aquaporin 3 in articular cartilage and synovial at protein leve1, relieve joint swelling, reduce the severity of articular cartilage and synovium degeneration, and have a protective effect on cartilage and synovial membrane. Related Articles | Metrics

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Microglia mediates inflammation injury in mouse models of Parkinson’s disease Lu Ming-jia, Zhu Yi, Sun Juan, Yang Xue-rong 2011, 15 (11):  1945-1948.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.011 Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (1362KB) ( 605 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that microglia is activated in substantia nigra and striatum of Parkinson’s disease. However, the effect of released inflammatory factor on the invasion of Parkinson’s disease remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), integrin α and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) mediated by microglia in mouse models of Parkinson’s disease. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into model group and control group. The model of Parkinson’s disease was established by peritoneal injection of paraquat to mice (10 mg/kg). Adult spontaneous motor activity was observed respectively. The level of dopamine in the substantia nigra and striatum was observed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression of TH, integrin α and TNF-α in the substantia nigra pars compacta was measured by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, paraquat resulted in mouse showed a marked bypoactive behavior, such as bradykinesia, tremor, sniff and the level of dopamine in the substantia nigra and striatum was notably decreased (P < 0.05), TH declined (P < 0.05), but integrin α and TNF-α expressions increased (P < 0.05). TNF-α was positive expressed in the model group, which mainly distributed on the microglia. The inflammation injury which was mediated by microglia maybe involved in dopamine neuron damage of Parkinson’s disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in a rat model of subtraumatic deep vein thrombosis Zhang Yu-bing, Hu Ji-hong, Li Wen, Yao Li-qing, Zhao Xue-ling, Chen Miao, Song En, Li Yun-jian, Wang Hui, Zheng Yan-ke 2011, 15 (11):  1949-1952.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.012 Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (1159KB) ( 499 )   Save BACKGROUND: Incidence and mortality of traumatic deep vein thrombosis (TDVT) gradually increased in recent years, which generation mechanism remains unclear. Accordingly, it is necessary to explore inherent rules using gene chip technology. OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes and rules of matrix metalloproteinases in the TDVT.  METHODS: Ten SD rats selected from 110 served as normal controls, other 100 rats were prepared subtraumatic TDVT models by beating on bilateral posterior limbs combined with hip spica cast fixation. The femoral vein was incised at immediately, 24, 72, 120 and 168 hours after operation. Total RNA was extracted from femoral vein, and the gene expression was detected by Affymetrix 230 2.0 genechips. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 was increased with prolongation of damage duration in the experimental group, suggesting matrix metalloproteinase-3 can be one of the most major factors to influence the biological states of TDVT. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of estrogen, nitric oxide and transforming growth factor beta 1 in rats with diabetic osteoporosis Liu Zhong-hao, Gao Hong-wei, Xing De-guo, Zhao Xi-wu, Wang Ruo-yi, Gong Ming-zhi 2011, 15 (11):  1953-1956.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.013 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (1207KB) ( 509 )   Save BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus and ovariectomy are two main reasons for osteoporosis, both of which can lead to variations in nitric oxide (NO) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of estrogen, NO, and TGF-β1 in the rats with diabetic osteoporosis. METHODS: Rats with diabetic osteoporosis were induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after model preparation; the serum estrogen levels was measured by radioimmunoassay method, serum NO levels ere detected by nitrate reduction method, serum TGF-β1 levels determined by ELISA method, and the content of TGF-β1 in the bone tissues was measured by the immunohistochemical method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With induction time prolonged, BMD of femur was gradually decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), serum NO level decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), serum TGF-β1 level increased (P < 0.01). The estrogen level in the model group was slightly decreased, but the difference had no significance (P > 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that TGF-β1 was mainly expressed in the osteoblast cytoplasm, and the number of positive cells was gradually decreased with induction time prolonged (P < 0.01). The changes of serum NO and TGF-β1 in bone tissues result in lower bone mineral density because of increasing bone absorption and decreasing bone formation. Nitric oxide and TGF-β1 play an important role in diabetic osteoporosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Wnt signaling pathway in a rat model of traumatic deep vein thrombosis Mo Jian-wen, Hu Hai-lan, Bai Bo, Li Ying, Zhang Shu-jiang, Chen Yi 2011, 15 (11):  1957-1960.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.014 Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (701KB) ( 426 )   Save BACKGROUND: The potential harmful of traumatic deep vein thrombosis is great. It can be complicated by pulmonary embolism or cerebral embolism. Wnt signaling pathway controls the course of many diseases, which may affect the formation of deep vein thrombosis. OBJECTIVE: To study the role of Wnt signaling pathway in traumatic deep vein thrombosis. METHODS: Totally 30 SD rats were divided into control and model groups. The model group was divided into 2 groups according to biological states: the crest-time of thrombosis and without thrombosis at the crest-time. Femoral vein tissues were incised at 5 days after model preparation, and total RNA was extracted. The RNA expression was determined by Genechip Rat genome 230 2.0 genechips and the changes of Wnt signaling pathway signaling pathway was analyzed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, 1 906 genes were differential expressed in the thrombosis, and 1 568 genes were differential expressed in the non-thrombosis group; compared with the non-thrombosis group, 43 genes were differential expressed in the thrombosis group, including Wnt signaling pathway of frizzled-related protein, Axam, CK2, P53, PP2A, PKA,β-catenin, c-myc, fra-1, Rac, calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase II and calcineurin were up regulated, frizzled-related protein and phospholipase C were down regulated. Wnt signaling pathway may be one of the most important pathway to control the biological states of thrombosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of intervertebral injection of transforming growth factor beta 1 on proteoglycan expression in rabbit degenerated lumbar discs Wu Bin, Zhang Hui, Wang Hai-bin, Jia Cun-ling, Zhao Yi-feng 2011, 15 (11):  1961-1964.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.015 Abstract ( 269 )   PDF (753KB) ( 430 )   Save BACKGROUND: In vitro experiments have confirmed that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) can promote proteoglycan synthesis and delay intervertebral disc degeneration, but its in vivo role remains unclear.  OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of local utilization of TGF-β1 on proteoglycan expression in rabbit degenerated lumbar discs. METHODS: Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups randomly, with 6 in control group and 30 in model group. The lumbar structure was destroyed partly in the model group. After 12 weeks, the intervertebral disc degeneration was testified by X-ray in model group. Six rabbits chosen randomly from the model group and all rabbits in the control group were killed and the organizations of the intervertebral discs of L4-5 were harvested. Meanwhile, the rest rabbits in model group were divided into two groups randomly, which was injected with TGF-β1 saline. The rabbits were killed by 2 and 4 weeks after injection. The contents of proteoglycan in nucleus pulposus were tested by phloroglucinol method.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The content of proteoglycan in the nucleus pulposus was obviously decreased at 12 weeks after model preparation (P < 0.01). After TGF-β1 injection, the content of proteoglycan was notably increased (P < 0.01). It is suggested that intervertebral injection of TGF-β1 to rabbit can delay intervertebral disc degeneration and enhance the synthesis of proteoglycan in nucleus pulposus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of ultraviolet light A on epidermal growth factor receptor expression in fibroblasts in vitro Liu Yin, Liu Liu, Wang Ji-hua, Lu Kai-hua, Wu Shang-min, Yang Rui-nian, Long Ting-feng, Yuan Rui-hong 2011, 15 (11):  1965-1968.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.016 Abstract ( 390 )   PDF (747KB) ( 525 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet A has a close relationship with skin photoaging, which impact on epidermis and dermis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of ultraviolet A on the epidermal growth factor receptor expression of human skin fibroblasts in vitro. METHODS: Adult’s fibroblasts were divided into the control and ultraviolet A irradiation (5, 10, 20 J/cm2) groups. The epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA and protein were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA and protein levels had upgraded as the dose of ultraviolet A irradiation increased. It suggests that ultraviolet A can lead to epidermal growth factor receptor expression in fibroblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of serum containing Zaohuang mixture on the expression of connective tissue growth factor in human mesangial cells cultured in vitro Zhang Li-mei, He Yu-zhen, Yin Yan-zhi, Mu Shou-han, Ju Jian-wei, Lü Cong-kui, Li Du-jun 2011, 15 (11):  1969-1972.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.017 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (1340KB) ( 445 )   Save BACKGROUND: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a kind of downstream effector of transforming growth factor-β1. The abnormal expression of CTGF plays an important role in pathological changes of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Zaohuang mixture contained serum (ZHM) on the expression of CTGF in human mesangial cells (HMC). METHODS: Serums containing different concentration of ZHM and haikunshenxi were prepared by serum pharmacology method. HMC were incubated in DMEM medium with 10% contained serum and high glucose for 48 hours. The level of CTGF protein and mRNA expression was measured by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the stimulation of high glucose, the expression of CTGF protein and mRNA was increased significantly (P < 0.01), which then were decreased by the treatment of ZHM and showed a dose-dependent manner. Compared with haikunshenxi group, CTGF protein and mRNA expression in the ZHM high-dosage group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The expression of CTGF in HMC may be induced by high glucose and ZHM can inhibit the expression for prevention and treatment of DKD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Culture and identification of rat annulus fibrosus cells Zhang Kun-mu, Chen Shao-qing, Song Hong-mei, He Yan, Liao Jun, Hong Yu, Wang Shi-zhong 2011, 15 (11):  1973-1076.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.018 Abstract ( 347 )   PDF (1215KB) ( 569 )   Save BACKGROUND: There is not a criterion for culture of annulus fibrosus cells, thus, there is deficiency in operability and repetitiveness. OBJECTIVE: To establish the annulus cell lines and to observe their continuouschanges, in order to provide the methods and cell model for studying molecular biology in tissue engineering field. METHODS: The annulus fibrosus cells were isolated with enzyme digestion and grew as monolayer. DMEM containing 15% fetal calf serum was used in the primary culture, which was replaced by DMEM containing 10% fetal calf serum after cell passage. Morphology, structure and biological characteristics of cells were detected by an inverted phase contrast microscope. The phenotype was identified with the toluiding blue staining and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The disc fibrinous ring cells were cultured in monolayer with the round or fusiformis morphology. The primary cells grew more slowly than the subculture cells. The cells displayed intense toluiding blue metachromasia; the immunohistochemical test revealed that the positive expression of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen on the cells. The experiment successfully culture annulus fibrosus cells in vitro.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of two microvessels markers CD34 and CD105 in microvasculature of pathological scars Huang Ru-lin, Liang Jie, Xia Qiong-ping, Huang Qi-li, Wu Zhi-xian 2011, 15 (11):  1977-1980.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.019 Abstract ( 556 )   PDF (1099KB) ( 600 )   Save BACKGROUND: There is not a reliable neovascularization marker for pathological scar. Though CD34 and CD105 are considered to be a credible vascular endothelial cell marker, they have own specially features. OBJECTIVE: The difference between the two microvessels marker CD34 and CD105 in microvasculature of pathological scar. METHODS: Immunohistochemistcal staining for the CD34 and CD105 was performed in normal skin tissue specimens, non-pathological scar tissue specimens, hypertrophic scar tissue specimens and keloid tissue specimens, the internal diameter (ID) of microvessels marked by CD34 and CD105 and the expression area of CD34 and CD105 were measured by image analysis software MoticImages Advanced 3.2, the morphology and distribution characteristics of mirovessels were analyzed after the photos taken by image acquisition instruments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In all of specimens, the ID of microvessels marked by CD34 and CD105 were (73.14±17.85) μm and (27.91±5.86) μm, respectively, the microvessels marked by CD105 were newer than the microvessels marked by CD34. As an endothelial marker of angiogenesis, CD105 is a more special marker for neovascularization than CD34 in pathological scar, CD105 could be considered to be a credible neovascularization marker. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of innervation on scar formation after burn wound healing Guo Peng-fei, Zhang Rui, Feng Yong-qiang, Zhu Shou-rong, Wang Yi-bing 2011, 15 (11):  1981-1985.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.020 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (1602KB) ( 522 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous experiments show that neural factors play important regulating roles in wound healing, however, the relationship between neural regulation and scar formation after wound healing is known little. OBJECTIVE: To observe the relationship between innervations and wound healing in the process of scalded wound healing. METHODS: Right T9-L1 stage spinal nerve roots of 30 rats were cut off and prepared for denervation skin models; and then a diameter of 4 cm and a depth ofⅡdegree scalded wound was make on the right denervated skin area of rats (model group), the same wounds were made on the left normal skin as control group. The changes of wounds were continuously observed. The secretion of type Ⅰ, Ⅲ collagens were observed by immunohistochemical method, and type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen ratios were calculated, the speed and quality of wound healing was explored. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the type I/III collagen ratio was lower in the model group (P < 0.05). Secretion of type Ⅰ collagen gradually increased in the model group at 7, 14 and 21 days after injury (P < 0.05), and type III collagen was significantly increased at 21 days after injury (P < 0.05). Type Ⅰ / Ⅲcollagen ratio was significantly decreased at 21 days after injury (P < 0.05). It is revealed that early innervation of the wound may promote wound healing, and alleviating innervation on wound remodeling stage may improve the quality of wound remodeling. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of recombinant DREAM-targeting small interfering RNA expressing plasmids Chen Min, Xiang Hong-bing, Tian Yu-ke 2011, 15 (11):  1986-1989.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.021 Abstract ( 395 )   PDF (1198KB) ( 353 )   Save BACKGROUND: DREAM is a multi-functional protein, which combine with different target proteins at different sites in cells. In vitro cultivate tests and animal experiments confirmed that DREAM is involving in onset mechanism of many different diseases. OBJECTIVE: To construct recombinant DREAM-targeting small interfering RNA (siRNA) expressing plasmids.  METHODS: Oligonucleotide containing the small hairpin of DREAM was designed and synthesized, which was inserted into the pDC316-EGFP-U6 plasmid double digested by BamHⅠ and Hind Ⅲ. The liation product was transformed competence E.coli DH5α. Positive clones were identified by PCR and sequencing.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The result of PCR and gene sequencing confirmed that the pDC316-EGFP-DREAMshRNA-U6 recombinant plasmid with 473 bp had been constructed successfully. Related Articles | Metrics

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Oxidatived proteins in human brains separated and identified by proteomics technology Yang Guo-feng, Ji Jian-guo, Peng Li-wei, He Si-zhi 2011, 15 (11):  1990-1993.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.022 Abstract ( 409 )   PDF (575KB) ( 618 )   Save BACKGROUND: Oxidize-modified proteins play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other geriatric diseases. These marker proteins can be detected using proteomics technology, which provide new drug targets for the treatment of related diseases. OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for separating and identifying human oxidatived proteins by using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), Western blot and mass spectrometry (MS). METHODS: The brains of subjects who died without clinical or pathological involvement of nervous system were obtained at autopsy. Following sample proteins isoelectric focusing (IEF), the immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips were incubated in       10 mmol/L DNPH. Then sample IPG strips were prepared for SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Proteins in one gel were Coomassie stained, and proteins from the other duplicate gel were eletroblotted to PVDF membrane using the ISO-DALT system. The PVDF membrane were incubated with the solution consisting of the anti-DNP antibody, and then incubated with the HRP. A DAB kit was used to visualize the immunostained blots. Protein spots of interest were excised from the gel, digested in situ with trypsin and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry or MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Oxidatived proteins were identified to be β-actin, aspartate aminotransferase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, carbonyl reductase 1, triosephosphate isomerase, carbonate dehydratase 1, similar to transketolase, pyruvate kinase, serum albumin precursor, dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 and heat shock 60 kD protein. The oxidatived proteins are quite useful for discovering the molecular mechanisms of AD and other geriatric diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fresh amniotic membrane transplantation for the treatment of severe keratic ulcer Zhang Xiao-hui, Sun Nai-xue, Wang Feng 2011, 15 (11):  1994-1997.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.023 Abstract ( 348 )   PDF (523KB) ( 574 )   Save BACKGROUND: Amnion has many beneficent effects, including low antigen expression, promoting superficial epithelium restoration, relieving inflammation reaction, prohibiting fibrous tissue proliferation and neovascular formation. On corneal defects, amnion can provide an ideal basal membrane to quickly heal the wounds by epithelization. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety of fresh amniotic membrane transplantation for severe keratic ulcer, and evaluate its clinical efficacy. METHODS: A total of 14 cases of clinical inpatients continuously on treatment were selected, including 6 cases (6 eyes) of secondary non-infective corneal ulcer and 8 cases (8 eyes) of primary infective corneal ulcer. The 6 eyes had been treated with fresh amniotic membrane transplantation, and 8 eyes with amnion transplantation combined with iodine tincture cauterization. The healing process of corneal ulcer, corneal transparency alterations and amniotic existing time were examined under slit-lamp microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No rejection reaction occurred in fresh amniotic implants. A total of 14 cases of severe corneal ulcer convalesced post-operatively and ulceration was restored. None of kerato-conjuntival epithelium progressively melted or perforated, with no improvement in visual acuity in all cases. During the follow up no ulcer relapsed or severe complications were found. Fresh amniotic membrane transplantation can effectively and securely treat severe keratic ulcer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Ang-(1-7) on hyperplasia of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension rats Chen Li-xing, Ma Hong, Wu Jing-guo, Xiao Jian-ming 2011, 15 (11):  1998-2001.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.024 Abstract ( 296 )   PDF (603KB) ( 641 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ang-(1-7) is considered one of the biologically active products of renin-angiotensin system. Ang-(1-7) might inhibit the vascular smooth muscle cells. However, effects of Ang-(1-7) in different vascular beds are different. Effects of Ang-(1-7) on the model of pulmonary artery hypertension induced by monocrotaline (MTC) are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of Ang-(1-7) on proliferation of the pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. METHODS: Adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, MCT group and MCT+Ang-(1-7) group. Rats in MCT group and MCT+ Ang-(1-7) group received 60 mg/kg MCT injection subcutaneously and after 24 hours received either saline or 24 ug/kg/h of Ang-(1-7) injection via osmotic minipumps for 2 and 4 weeks. These rats in control group were firstly injected saline subcutaneously and then received saline injection via osmotic minipumps for two and four weeks. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was measured. The animals’ hearts were measured to calculate the ratio of right ventricle to left ventricle plus septum (RV/LV+S), right ventricle mass to body weight (RV/BW) and left ventricle plus septum mass to body weight (LV+S/BW). Percentage of wall thickness (WT%) and percentage of wall area (WA%) of pulmonary arterioles were evaluated. Immunohistochemical stains were used to identifyα-actin and proliferation cells nuclear antibody (PCNA) distribution in pulmonary arteries. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 2 weeks after injection, no significant difference was found between MCT and control group in RVSP and RVHI. Compared with control group, WT%, WA% and the positive ratio of PCNA were significantly increased and α-actin was significantly decreased in MCT group. At 4 weeks after injection, compared with control group, RVSP, RVHI, WT%, WA % and the positive ratio of PCNA were significantly increased and α-actin was significantly decreased in MCT group. However, no significant difference was found between MCT+Ang-(1-7) group and control group among the above parameters (P > 0.05). MCT-induced pulmonary arteriolar remodeling is prior to the increase of pulmonary arterial pressure in rats. Ang-(1-7) might inhibit the vascular smooth muscle cells in rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Related Articles | Metrics

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Growth status of BEL-7402 and HepG-2 cells in RPMI-1640 versus DMEM media Zhao Xiang, Zhang Sha, Xiao Jun-jun, Lin Ming 2011, 15 (11):  2002-2005.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.025 Abstract ( 590 )   PDF (1061KB) ( 1289 )   Save BACKGROUND: The most popular commercialized media are DMEM and RPMI-1640. Yet direct comparative study of the two popular media on the influence of liver cancer cell growth has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: Compare the effect of two popular culture media on growth and proliferation of human hepatocarcinoma BEL-7402 and HepG2 cells, in order to find a more suitable medium. METHODS: BEL-7402 and HepG2 cells were cultured in complete growth media prepared with either the high glucose-DMEM or the RPMI-1640 medium. Growth and proliferation rates were detected at timed intervals by the acid phosphatase assay. Cellular morphology was observed under an inverse light microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the DMEM medium, BEL-7402 and HepG2 cells cultured in the RPMI-1640 medium showed a significantly higher growth and proliferation rates (P < 0.01). The cells also revealed better adhesive and stretching status in the RPMI-1640 medium, as confirmed under a microscope. The RPMI-1640 medium is the first choice for tumor cell cultures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathological changes of mouse periodontal tissues following photodynamic therapy Du Bo, Jiang Lin, Liu Ming-fang, Li Ping-ping, Lin Ju-hong 2011, 15 (11):  2006-2008.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.026 Abstract ( 347 )   PDF (708KB) ( 398 )   Save BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may have bad effects on oral cavity tissue, so the biological safety evaluation is necessary before Toluidine blue O (TBO)-mediated PDT of dentine caries in clinic. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of photosensitization of the TBO-mediated PDT to periodontal tissues in mice. METHODS: Fifty-four mice were randomly divided into nine groups, and were respectively treated with 0 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L TBO with 0, 15, 25min LED illumination. Periodontal tissue slices were taken to observation after treatment of 72 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no abnormal changes like necrosis, ulcer or hyperplasia happens in the mice gingival, alveolar bone or teeth after light treatment. This indicated that TBO-mediated PDT was safe to the prevention of dental caries, without damaging effect to periodontal tissues adjacent to the teeth. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expressions of osteoprotegrin and Wnt-1 in periodontal tissues under pressure force Qin Ming-qun, Xu Lian-jing, Mao Jun-wu, Huang Sheng-fu 2011, 15 (11):  2009-2012.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.027 Abstract ( 259 )   PDF (1236KB) ( 326 )   Save BACKGROUND: Current research found Wnt signaling pathways and related factors have the adjustment function for bone tissue. Wnt-1 is closely related with bone formation, but there was no report regarding whether Wnt-1 is correlated with orthodontic bone renovation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of osteoprotegrin (OPG) and Wnt-1 expression by periodontal tissue during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. METHODS: A total of 80 male Wistar rats were prepared for orthodontic tooth movement models and drawn materials at 1, 3, 7, 14 days, respectively. Every rat’s contralateral tooth served as control group. The morphology of periodontal tissues at pressure side were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining; the Wnt-1 and OPG expressions at pressure side of periodontal tissue were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: RT-PCR and immunohistochemical results demonstrated that, OPG was expressed at the pressure side at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days, but the expression was enhanced at 3 and 7 days (P < 0.05). Wnt-1 could be seen in the immunohistochemical results, which expressed stronger at 3 days compared with the control group (P < 0.05). It is confirmed that in orthodontic force, OPG participates in the process of orthodontic periodontal tissue rebuilding, OPG expression increased in press area in a time-dependent manner. Correlation between Wnt-1 and orthodontic bone rebuilt need to be further researched. Related Articles | Metrics

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Plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein 4 and interleukin-8 levels in rabbit deep venous thrombosis  Fu Zhao-jun, Ren Wei 2011, 15 (11):  2013-2017.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.028 Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (1240KB) ( 457 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are grate individual difference in prognosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Studies have showed that macrophage and endothelial cell play a great part in recanalization. OBJECTIVE: To study the rabbit plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein 4 (MCP-4) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in different time with DVT, and to observe whether there is specificity in reflection the thrombus. METHODS: Totally 78 New Zealand rabbits were divided into thrombosis group, sham-surgery group, and normal group. According to the thrombus at 14 days after operation, the thrombosis group was divided into recanalization group and non-recanalization group. The plasma MCP-4 and IL-8 levels were measured and blood routine was performed at 8 hours, 3, 7, and 14 days after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Plasma MCP-4 levels were obviously increased in the recanalization group at 7 days after operation (P < 0.01), but the IL-8 levels were decreased compared with the non-recanalization group (P < 0.05). The variations were not correlated with monocytes or neutrophils (P > 0.05). It is suggested that there is better recanalization results in thrombus that with higher plasma MCP-4. MCP-4 levels can forecast thrombosis prognosis via reflecting activity of macrophage and endothelial cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of choline chloride on myostatin mRNA expression in rats with immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy Qin Kai-yuan, Kou Jian-min, Mu Latibieke, Diao He-xin 2011, 15 (11):  2018-2021.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.029 Abstract ( 436 )   PDF (1414KB) ( 366 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that choline-based material can not only increase dispersion of acetylcholine and amplitude of endplate current, but also play an antagonistic action on function reduction of neuromuscular junction. OBJECTIVE: To observe the prevention effects of choline chloride on immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and myostatin mRNA expression. METHODS: Thirty male SD rats were divided into control group, model group and treatment group, with 10 rats in each group. The right hind limbs of the rats were fixed with compliant plaster to prepare atrophy models. The rats in the treatment group received choline chloride (150 mg/kg). The same volume of distilled water was intragastric administrated into rats of the control and model groups. After 4 weeks, calf muscle in right hind limb were dissected and measured for the contractility, wet weight, protein content, and myostatin mRNA expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the contractility, wet weight, and protein levels in the calf muscle of the model group were dramatically decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but the myostatin mRNA expression was obviously increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the contractility, wet weight, and protein levels in the calf muscle of the treatment group were dramatically increased (P < 0.05), and the myostatin mRNA expression was obviously decreased (P < 0.01). The findings demonstrated that, choline chloride can improve contractility, wet weight, and protein levels in the calf muscles, and decrease myostatin mRNA expression, accordingly, choline chloride has preventive and protective effects on development of disuse atrophy of skeletal muscles. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Xianzhen Gubao capsules on bone metabolism of the femoral neck in ovariectomized rats Liao Jin-min, Chen Yan, Huang Lian-fang, Wu Tian-xiu, Chen Wen-shuang, Wu Tie, Cui Liao 2011, 15 (11):  2022-2025.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.030 Abstract ( 358 )   PDF (1433KB) ( 654 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies concerning effects of traditional Chinese medicine on osteoporosis of the femoral neck in ovariectomized rats using bone histomorphometry methods can provide basis for the traditional Chinese medicine treatment on femoral neck fracture in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of capsule of Xianzhen Gubao on cancellous bone of the femoral neck in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Female Sprague Dawley rats with 3-month old were randomly divided into the basal control, aging control, ovariectomized and Xianzhen Gubao groups. In the later two groups, rats were prepared for ovariectomized models and intragastric administration of saline and Xianzhen Gubao respectively. Rats in the aging control group were received intragastric administration of saline. After 90 days, all rats were killed and their femoral neck were processed to undecalcified sections and measured by automatic image-analysis system for bone histomorphometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with aging control group, the percent trabecular area and trabecular number in the ovariectomized group were obviously decreased (P < 0.01), the trabecular separation increased (P < 0.01), while the osteoclast number per mm and percent osteoclast surface perimeter were notably increased (P< 0.01), and the mineral apposition rate were reduced (P < 0.01). The results demonstrated that ovariectomy would markedly reduce the trabecular bone of femoral neck. The capsule of Xianzhen Gubao can prevent the trabecular bone loss of the neck of femur in ovariectomized rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of curcumin on keloid fibroblasts cycle and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways Sun Jing, Zhao Zhi-ying 2011, 15 (11):  2026-2029.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.031 Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (1471KB) ( 705 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have indicated that curcumin can inhibit keloid fibroblasts. It can suppress keloid fibroblasts (KFB) proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. However, whether curcumin can inhibit KFB proliferation remains poorly understood.                                             OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of curcumin on cultured human KFB proliferation and its signal transduction pathway. METHODS: Keloid fibroblasts were primary cultured in vitro, passaged after cell fusion, and 6-8 passages of cells with logarithmic growth were used. Different concentrations of curcumin (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 μmol/L) were used to intervene keloid fibroblasts. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry, and expression of nuclear factor-κB was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Curcumin inhibited KFB hyperplasia in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05), and arrested cell cycle at G1 phase, nuclear factor-κB expression increased with the dose of curcumin decreased (P < 0.05). Curcumin can inhibit KFB proliferation and arrest cell cycle in G1 phase. Curcumin might inhibit nuclear factor-κB signal transduction pathway activation, and thus play its anti-fiber role. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of epimedium and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on fracture healing in rabbits Wang Xin-wen, He Ai-yong, Cai Yu-zhong, Yan Zhen-sheng 2011, 15 (11):  2030-2033.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.032 Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (1268KB) ( 568 )   Save BACKGROUND: Epimedium is a traditional Chinese medicine for osteoporosis prevention and treatment, but the treatment on fracture healing is still lack of basis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of epimedium on fracture healing in rabbits.  METHODS: The models with 3mm fracture were established in half radius in rabbits, and were randomly divided into blank group, control group, and experimental group. The blank group was treated with normal saline by gastric perfusion and injected with normal saline in the part bone fracture. The experimental group was treated with epimedium by gastric perfusion and injected with normal saline. The control group was treated with normal saline by gastric perfusion and injected with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the part of bone fracture. At 2, 4, 8 weeks post-surgery, 4 rabbits were harvested to evaluate the degree of fracture healing according to X-ray radiography, bone density test, biomechanical test (only 8 weeks), and tissue section, etc. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: X-ray radiograph showed that the experimental and control groups are better than the blank group in callus formation, remodeling, and recanalization of medullary cavity at each period. Bone densities in experimental group were prior to that in blank group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the experimental group and control group (P > 0.05). Biomechanical properties of experimental group were better than that in the blank group (P < 0.05), the values of control group was between the other groups. The formation period of collagen fiber, cartilage tissue, bone trabecula, and bone matrix was earlier in the experimental and control groups compared with the blank group. There was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups. It is indicated that epimedium can promote fracture healing in rabbits. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in primary knee osteoarthritis interfered by Tougu Xiaotong granules Liu Bo-ling, Liang Gui-qing, Liu Xian-xiang, Wu Guang-wen, Li Xi-hai 2011, 15 (11):  2034-2037.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.033 Abstract ( 421 )   PDF (623KB) ( 434 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mornda root, radix paeoniae alba from Hangzhou of China, zhongjiefeng, szechwan lovage rhizome composed of Tougu Xiaotong granule can effectively improve the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), but the mechanism of it remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Tougu Xiaotong granule on primary knee osteoarthritis cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. METHODS: A total of 90 New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal group, model group, Tougu Xiaotong granule low-dosage group, Tougu Xiaotong granule midst-dose group, Tougu Xiaotong granule high-dose group, and Zhuangguguanjie pill group. In addition to the normal group, osteoarthritis model was established by improved Hulth method in the other groups. Tougu Xiaotong granule low-dosage group, Tougu Xiaotong granule midst-dose group, Tougu Xiaotong granule high-dose group, and Zhuangguguanjie pill group was based on modeling treated with containing 5, 10, 20 g Tougu Xiaotong granule or Zhuangguguanjie aqueous solution of 10 g pill at every day, respectively. After 4 weeks, the level of nitrogen monoxidum (NO), NOS, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in rabbit synovial fluid, articular cartilage, iNOS and COX-2 in synovium tissue was detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the early stage of osteoarthritis, the level of NO, NOS, PGE2, and the expression of COX-2, iNOS in synovium and cartilage were higher than that in normal group. Tougu Xiaotong granule and Zhuangguguanjie pill can reduce the expression of NO, NOS, PGE2, and expression of COX-2 and iNOS in synovium and cartilage. Tougu Xiaotong granule midst-dose group and high-dose group have the most significant effects. It is indicated that Tougu Xiaotong granule can inhibit degradation of cartilage, release clinical symptoms to protect articular cartilage, prevent and cure osteoarthritis by COX-2 and iNOS expression. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Jingguishenqi pill on expression of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 and Bax in male mouse with kidney yang deficiency Liu He-liang, Chen Chang-sheng, Qin Jun, Yang Bo, Qin Wei-jun, Zhang Geng, Yuan Jian-lin 2011, 15 (11):  2038-2041.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.034 Abstract ( 407 )   PDF (742KB) ( 625 )   Save BACKGROUND: Kidney-deficiency causes sterility. Jingguishenqi pill is a classical Chinese traditional medicine for treating kidney yang deficiency, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Jingguishenqi pill on expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in male mice permatogenic cells with kidney yang deficiency. METHODS: Totally 100 mature male rats were divided into 5 groups randomly: blank control group (normal group), model group, Jingguishenqi pill with low dosage group, middle dosage group, high dosage group. Except the normal group, the others were made into model of kidney-yang deficiency by injecting hydrocortisone. After the model preparation, the mice in the normal and model groups were fed with distilled waters, and those in the Jingguishenqi pill with different dosage groups were fed with the same dose of medicine (0.625, 1.250 and 2.500 g/kg) for 30 days continuously. Then, the weight of the left testis was measured, and the blood level of testosterone, and the sperm density, survival rate were examined. Then the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in spermatogenic cells were investigated with the immunohistochemistry and image analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The weight of left testis, blood level of testosterone, sperm density, sperm survival rate in the model group were decreased than that in the control, Jingguishenqi pill with low dosage group, middle dosage group, high dosage group (P < 0.05). The number of cells of expressing Bcl-2 and the intensity of its expression in the model group were lower than that in other four groups (P < 0.05). The number of cells of expressing Bax and the intensity of its expression in the model group were higher than that in other four groups (P < 0.05). Jingguishenqi pill can promote the expression of Bcl-2 but reduce Bax expression, which exerts a certain therapeutic effect on the kidney-yang deficiency in rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exercise-induced meniscus injury and application of tissue-engineered meniscus Qian He-liang 2011, 15 (11):  2044-2046.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.036 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (548KB) ( 603 )   Save BACKGROUND: Meniscus injury is a common sports injury of the knee joint, often accompanied by relevant cartilage damage, the reason is the environment disorders within the knee joint. OBJECTIVE: To seek reasonable meniscus alternatives by evaluating performance of biological scaffold material in tissue-engineered meniscus construction. METHODS: Databases of VIP and PubMed were searched by computer using key words of “tissue engineering, the meniscus repair, biological material scaffold, and athletic meniscal injury” from January 1994 to December 2009. Totally 30 papers related to exercise-induced meniscus injury and application of tissue-engineered meniscus were included. The features of meniscus, sources of seed cells for tissue-engineered meniscus, biocompatibility and degradability of tissue-engineered meniscus, as well as the role of cytokine in tissue-engineered meniscus construction were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the traditional meniscus repair, tissue-engineered meniscus is characterized by no antigenicity, not restricted sources, pre-designed plastic and high vitality. However, there are still many problems to be solved in the tissue-engineered meniscus field, such as, how to construct meniscus tissue by simulating in vivo environment, how to improve the application of scaffold materials, and how to prepare a scaffold that has similar mechanical properties of normal human meniscus tissues. Related Articles | Metrics

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Repair of articular cartilages and relevant cytokines Shi Xin-li, Hu Kun, Meng Xiang-ti 2011, 15 (11):  2047-2050.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.037 Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (649KB) ( 722 )   Save BACKGROUND: Articular cartilages injuries are hard to repair completely, easily present with degenerative changes under physiological stress, and develop into osteoarthritis. It provides a new approach for the treatment of osteoarthritis using tissue-engineered cartilages to repair damaged articular cartilages.  OBJECTIVE: To overall understand the features of cytokines and construction of tissue-engineered cartilages similar to normal articular cartilage, and to identify the research process addressing promotive effect of cytokines on cartilage differentiation. METHODS: Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Medline database were searched by computer for reviews and reports concerning repair of articular cartilages and cytokines, and the research process was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 29 documents were included. The repair of articular cartilage after damage is very limited, and its reaction to the wound and inflammation is mediated by cartilage cells and synovial tissues or cytokines in the joint fluids. Growth factors in chondrocyte matrix play an important role in cartilage growth and differentiation via regulating cell signal pathway; in addition, surrounding environment of chondrocyte also affects regulating cell differentiation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress addressing animal stress model construction and effect evaluation Na Qin, Cheng Biao, Chen A-mei 2011, 15 (11):  2051-2054.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.038 Abstract ( 292 )   PDF (720KB) ( 712 )   Save BACKGROUND: People are paying close attention to the relationship between stress and disease. Establishment of animal stress models is the basic for stress research, which is lack of united standard.  OBJECTIVE: To introduce animal model construction methods and effect evaluation, in addition, to analyze existing problems during model preparation. METHODS: A computer-based online search was performed using key words of “stress, animal model, murine, and evaluate” for documents on VIP and PuMed from 2000 to 2010. Repetitive papers were excluded.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 417 documents were collected, including 115 in Chinese and 302 in English. By reading titles and abstract, 30 papers were included in the final analysis. Currently, various animal stress models are involved, but there is not a unified standard, and the stress degree remains lack of quantizatable index. With rapidly development of neuroscience, molecular biology, and electrophysiology, the stress research is extended into molecular level and integrated network. The wide application of transgenic technology, gene knockout models, and protein depletion provide new approach for study of stress mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Photobiomodulation for repairing exercise-induced muscle damage Xia Yi-shan, Liu Xiao-guang 2011, 15 (11):  2055-2058.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.039 Abstract ( 526 )   PDF (548KB) ( 414 )   Save BACKGROUND: Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) often occurs after unaccustomed intensity exercise. There are different results in studies on photobiomodulation therapy for EIMD, and the mechanism and dose-response pattern for photobiomodulation therapy remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To review mechanisms of photobiomodulation and the dose-effect, intensity-effect and wavelength-effect relationships in the photobiomodulation treatment of EIMD. METHODS: Articles about the effect of low level laser or monochromatic light irradiation on EIMD and its mechanism were searched through Public Medline (1996-01/2010-04) and Chinese Academic Journal (2000-01/2010-04) using the key words of “low-level laser, phototherapy, exercise-induced muscle damage, delayed onset muscle soreness”. Monographs on low level laser therapy were manually searched as a supplement. Totally 38 literatures in English or Chinese were collected. Among them, 31 literatures were selected to review after excluding repetitive studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were mainly mitochondrial theory, nitrogen theory, redox theory and biological information model theory on the mechanism of photobiomodulation, and the exact mechanism for photobiomodulation treatment of EIMD was not clear yet. Photobiomodulation therapy for EIMD was effective only when irradiation dose and intensity were high enough, and irradiation intensity may be more important than irradiation dose, and the effective irradiation dose and intensity at suffered location were related to the thickness of skin and the wavelength of light. It is concluded that photobiomodulation therapy is effective in the treatment of EIMD in a dose- and intensity-dependent manner. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of environmental hormone on embryonic development Hu Meng-sang, Chen Yi-fei, Xu Ying 2011, 15 (11):  2059-2063.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.040 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (659KB) ( 695 )   Save BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that the increasing occurrence of reproductive abnormalities in wild life may be associated with exposure to environmental hormone. With the pollution of the environment, effects of environmental hormone on embryonic development have been paid more and more attention. OBJECTIVE: To review the effects and possible mechanism of various environmental hormone on the process of embryo implantation, embryonic development during preimplantation and the development of embryonic reproductive system. METHODS: CNKI database and Pubmed database were searched using key words of “environmental hormone and diethylstilbestrol, mifepristone, methoxychlor, bisphenol A, tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, embryonic development, early embryonic development”, for papers addressing the effects of environmental hormone on embryonic development. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 45 articles were adapted. Common environmental hormones widely spread in daily life in a great variety. Different environmental hormones have synergistic reaction. The mechanism exploration is at the step stage. It is necessary to control production source of environmental hormones and reduce anthropogenic discharge to decline the effect of environmental hormones on human healthy.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Jiaji points combined with surrounding needling for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: A Meta-analysis  Zhu Yi, Zhu Li-ting, Li Ning, Li Yi, Jin Hong-zhu 2011, 15 (11):  2064-2068.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.041 Abstract ( 347 )   PDF (645KB) ( 967 )   Save BACKGROUND: Jiaji points plus surrounding needling has received good therapeutic effect in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. However, whether its effect is superior to the western medicine remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the curative efficacy of Jiaji points plus surrounding needling on treating postherpetic neuralgia. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving Jiaji points and surrounding needling on postherpetic neuralgia were identified from CNKI, VIP, and CBM. We also hand searched relevant journals and conference proceedings. The Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 4.2.2 software was used for data analyses. Total effective rate, clinical cure rate, visual analog scale, and clinical symptom score served as outcome assessment indexes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 13 trials involving 858 patients were included. Meta-analyses showed that, Jiaji points plus surrounding needling on treating postherpetic neuralgia showed superiority to the control group in total effective rate [RR=1.26, 95%CI (1.19, 1.34)], clinical cure rate [RR=1.93, 95%CI (1.64，2.27)], and visual analog scale [WMD=3.13, 95%CI (2.38, 3.87)]. There was no significant difference between the Jiaji points plus surrounding needling and physical therapy [RR=1.60, 95%CI (0.43, 6.02)], but superior to carbamazepine [RR=1.45, 95%CI (1.22, 1.72)]. The profit treated by Jiaji points plus surrounding needling on postherpetic neuralgia is superior to western medicine. However, further large-scale trials are required to define therapeutic effects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between T245G polymorphisms in the osteoprotegerin gene and bone mineral density in elderly individuals Chen Ling-xia, Miao Yi-de, Liu Jie, Wei Ya-nan, Jia Rong, Bao Hui, Chu Lin 2011, 15 (11):  2069-2073.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.042 Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (544KB) ( 460 )   Save BACKGROUND: As a primary clinical predictor of fracture risk, bone mineral density (BMD) is partly genetically determined. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is one important candidate gene in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between T245G polymorphisms in the OPG gene and BMD. METHODS: A total of 281 elderly men and postmenopausal women, 182 males and 99 females, who received routine examinations at Peking University People’s Hospital between September 2008 and April 2010 were included in this study. T245G polymorphisms in the OPG gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism together with DNA sequencing. The BMD of the lumbar spine, Ward’s triangle, and forearrm was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Clinical variables and biochemical measurements were collected simultaneously. The association between T245G polymorphisms and each detection index was analyzed using analysis of variance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The distribution of T245G genotype (alleles T, G) had no difference in elderly men or postmenopausal women (P > 0.05). The GG genotype and TG genotype had higher lumbar spine BMD and TT genotype had lower lumbar spine BMD (P < 0.05). There was no difference in BMD of the Ward’s triangle or forearm among different genotypes (P > 0.05). Association between T245G polymorphism and BMD was not found in postmenopausal women. These findings indicate that OPG gene is related to lumbar spine BMD in elderly men. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of cathepsin B and cathepsin C gene on vascular endothelial cells in a rat model of traumatic deep venous thrombosis Yao Li-qing, Ning Ya, Zhao Xue-ling, Zhang Yu-bing, Li Hong-kun, Li Wen 2011, 15 (11):  2074-2078.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.043 Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (467KB) ( 503 )   Save BACKGROUND: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) always occurs after orthopedic surgery. At present, clinical diagnosis of DVT has been lack of an effective measuring means for a long time. Cathepsin may be an effective biological marker of DVT. OBJECTIVE: To study the expression change of cathepsin B and cathepsin C in the rat blood cells before and after DVT and to investigate the feasibility of cathepsin B and cathepsin C as candidate molecular markers for early diagnosis of DVT. METHODS: Totally 100 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=10) and model group (n=90). Rat traumatic deep vein thrombosis models were established by clamping the femoral vein and fixing the bilateral hind limbs. According to observation time points and the different situations of thrombosis, rat models were assigned to three subgroups: pre-thrombosis, intra-thrombosis, and non-thrombosis. Blood RNA of each group was extracted and reverse transcribed into cDNA. The expression of cathepsin B and cathepsin C in blood cells was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSUON: Expression of cathepsin B and cathepsin C in the blood cells was obviously expressed in the intra-thrombosis subgroup. There was no significant difference in cathepsin B and cathepsin C expression between pre-thrombosis, non-thrombosis groups and normal control group. These findings suggest that cathepsin B and cathepsin C are closely related to DVP and they can be used as the candidate molecular markers for early diagnosis of DVT. Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulatory effects of transforming growth factor beta in electro-acupuncture treatment of knee osteoarthris Wu Yao-chi, Sun Yi-jun, Zhou Jing-hui, Li Shi-sheng 2011, 15 (11):  2079-2082.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.044 Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (442KB) ( 446 )   Save BACKGROUND: Electro-acupuncture therapy shows good central and peripheral analgesic effects. Several studies have shown that transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism underlying electro-acupuncture treatment of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: A total of 80 healthy male 3-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were randomly and evenly divided into normal, model, electro-acupuncture and drug groups. Rat models of knee osteoarthris were estbalished by ligating the femoral veins and forcing rats to do activies. At 1 month after knee osteoarthris induction, the electro-acupuncture group rats received electro-acupuncture therapy at two acupoints Neixiyan (EX-LE4) and Dubi (ST 35) with a depth of 0.1 cun (pulse 2 Hz, 20 minutes, once a day). The drug group rats were intraarticularly administerd sodium hyaluronate (0.1 mL/administration, once a week). After 2-week treatment, synovial tissue of the knee joint was harvested to determine the exprssion of TGF-β1, TGF-β1 receptor Ⅰand TGF-β1 receptor Ⅱ. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 expression in synovial tissue of the knee joint was significantly increased after knee osteoarthris (P < 0.05), but after electro-accupuncture therepy or sodium hyaluronate treatment, TGF-β1 expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), moreover, TGF-β1 receptor Ⅰ, Ⅱ expression was signficantly decreased (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that electro-acupuncture for treatment of knee osteoartheis improves the symptoms of osteoarthris by downregulating TGF-β1 expression, and reduction in TGF-β1 receptor Ⅰ, Ⅱ expression promotes the recovery of knee osteoarthris. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synergistic effect of total isoflavones of pueraria and vitamin D on prevention and treatment of osteoporosis Fu Xiao-ming, Zhou Yan, Li Zi-min, He Dong-liang, Li Dong-yang 2011, 15 (11):  2083-2086.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.045 Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (384KB) ( 519 )   Save BACKGROUND: Total isoflavones of pueraria (TIP) possesses estradiol-like structures and has inhibition effect on bone loss or osteopenia in ovariectomized rats. However, studies have demonstrated that the prevention and treatment effect of TIP on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats is poor, especially in single utilization. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the combination effect of TIP and vitamin D on the treatment of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Totally 81 female sprague-drawly (SD) rats of 3-month-old were randomly assigned into 9 groups. Exception those in the sham-surgery group, all rats were prepared for ovariectomized models. Vitamin D or low-, middle- and high-dose TIP or low-, middle- and high-dose TIP combined with vitamin D were intragastric administrated in the vitamin D, TIP or combination groups, respectively. There was no drug medication in the model and sham-surgery groups. The uterus coefficient was calculated at 3 months after medication. The serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium, phosphonium, bone gla protein, estradiol levels, as well as bone mineral density of femur was determined.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the uterus coefficient and estradiol level was obviously increased in the middle- and high-dose TIP groups and all combination groups (P  < 0.05); the ALP and bone gla protein levels significant decreased (P < 0.05); and the bone mineral density of central and distal femur were notably increased (P  < 0.05); in particular, the result was more manifest in the high-dose combination group. TIP and vitamin D presented with synergism in uterus coefficient, estradiol, ALP, bone gla protein levels and bone mineral density of distal femur, but the effect was not significant in the calcium and phosphonium levels in the TIP and/or vitamin D groups. The findings demonstrated that Tip combined with vitamin D can induce synergism on prevention and cure of osteporosis in ovariectomized rat. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Gubenkeli capsule on matrix metallopeptidase 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase1 levels in lung tissue of a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Yang Xiao-ping, Zhou Zhao-shan, Hu Hai-bo, Wang Ping-li, Yin Bin 2011, 15 (11):  2087-2090.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.11.046 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (367KB) ( 377 )   Save BACKGROUND: The effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been preliminarily approved by clinical practices. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Gubenkeli capsule on the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase1 (TIMP-1) in lung tissue of COPD model rats. METHODS: A total of 50 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups with 10 rats in each group: normal control, model, prednisone, Gubenkeli capsule-low dose, and Gubenkeli capsule-high dose. COPD rat models were established in all rats with the exception of the normal control rats by smoking and intratracheal instillation of LPS. At 29 days after COPD induction, rats from the prednisone, Gubenkeli capsule-low dose, Gubenkeli capsule-high dose groups were intragastrically administered prednisone (1.04 mg/kg per day), Gubenkeli capsule (0.4, 0.94 g/kg per day), once a day, to observer rat general conditions. Protein expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemical methods.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Protein expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissue of COPD rats was significantly increased (P < 0.05). After drug intervention, the general conditions of COPD rats were greatly improved, and protein expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissue was decreased. Prednisone yields the strongest effects, followed by high-dose Gubenkeli capsule and low-dose Gubenkeli capsule. These findings demonstrate that Gubenkeli capsule alleviates the clinical manifestations of COPD model rats, improve airway remodeling, and correct the imbalance between prolease and antiprotease in a dose-response manner.  Related Articles | Metrics