Induced differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.06.026

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived stem cells are pluripotent stem cells developed from the mesoderm, which can differentiate into different lineages induced by specific growth factors and under certain environmental conditions.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the induced differentiation and identification of adipose-derived stem cells in detail.
METHODS: A computer-based search of Wanfang and PubMed databases was performed for relevant articles published from 2005 to 2014 using the keywords of “adipose derived stem cells, induced, differentiation” in Chinese and English, respectively. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 37 articles were selected in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adipose-derived stem cells can differentiate into chondrocytes under the induction of ascorbic acid, insulin, dexamethasone, and transforming growth factor β. Recipe for adipogenic induction medium consists of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), insulin, dexamethasone, indomethacin; and commonly used inducers for osteogenic differentiation include dexamethasone or vitamin D3, ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate. Basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor and vitamin B27 may be combined to induce the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into neurons. 5-Azacytidine acts as a commonly used factor for inducing the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into cardiomyocytes. Combination of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor can induce adipose-derived stem cells to differentiate into vascular endothelial cells. With the rapid development of molecular biology and cell biology, research on the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells will be more in-depth. Based on the current observation of adipose-derived stem cell differentiation, internal molecular mechanism as well as genes and proteins for regulation of adipose-stem cell plasticity should be explored in depth.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程

全文链接：

Key words: Stem Cells, Cell Differentiation, Adipocytes, Adult Stem Cells

CLC Number:

R318

Zhao Na. Induced differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2015, 19(6): 969-975.

Figures/Tables 1

2.1 脂肪干细胞向脂肪细胞诱导分化及鉴定脂肪细胞再生为乳房切除后的修复、软组织缺损重建、脂肪营养不良及美容方面的软组织充填提供了新的途径，而脂肪干细胞能在多种因素的诱导下分化为脂肪细胞，且与其他组织来源的干细胞相比，脂肪干细胞具有更好的定向脂肪细胞分化的潜能，可能成为整形外科组织工程生物填充材料首选的种子细胞[4]。目前常用的成脂诱导液配方包括3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤(IBMX，磷酸二酯脂酶抑制因子，可上调AMP循环水平)，胰岛素、地塞米松、吲哚美辛(表1)。黄宏等[5]自成年雄性小香猪腹部皮下脂肪中分离培养得到脂肪干细胞，取第3代细胞进行诱导，应用成脂诱导剂(体积分数10%胎牛血清+1 μmol/L地塞米松+10 μmol/L胰岛素+200 μmol/L吲哚美辛+0.5 mmol/L IBMX+DMEM/ F12培养基)诱导3 d，然后换基础培养基(体积分数10%胎牛血清+10 μmol/L胰岛素+DMEM/F12培养基)诱导3 d，如此3个循环后，成功将脂肪干细胞诱导为脂肪细胞。还有研究认为成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factor，FGF)、表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor，EGF)及骨形态发生蛋白4(bone morphogenetic protein 4，BMP-4)也能诱导脂肪干细胞的成脂分化[6]，但血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF)是否具有相同的作用还有争议。脂肪干细胞诱导为脂肪细胞的鉴定一般用油红O染色，油红为脂肪染色剂，易溶于脂质，染后脂质呈红色，细胞核呈淡蓝色(图3A)。油红O染色步骤简便，染色结果肯定，但其染色结果不能长期保存，应尽快观察及照相。因过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)γ是脂肪细胞特异性核转录因子，对脂肪细胞的分化起关键作用，故也有研究用免疫组织化学或RT-PCR检测PPARγ水平验证成脂分化潜能。 2.2 脂肪干细胞向骨细胞诱导分化及鉴定张荣耀等[7]研究显示，与骨髓间充质干细胞相比，脂肪干细胞更易向"

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