Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2013, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (8): 1461-1464.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.08.022

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Biological security of nickel-chromium alloys in the dentistry

Hao Gang   

  1. Department of Stomatology, Community Heath Center of Xinxing Street, Tianjin 300070, China
  • Received:2012-11-20 Revised:2012-12-20 Online:2013-02-19 Published:2013-02-19
  • About author:Hao Gang, Associate chief physician, Department of Stomatology, Community Heath Center of Xinxing Street, Tianjin 300070, China dentisthaogang@163.com

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Nickel-chromium alloys have been widely applied in the oral restoration. Ions released from the alloy, however, exert a side effect or result in adverse biological reactions.
OBJECTIVE: To review the cytotoxicity of nickel metal used in nickel-chromium alloy, the amount of
precipitation of nickel ions from the alloy, and clinical safety of nickel-chromium alloy materials.
METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and Wanfang databases was performed for articles related to biological security of nickel-chromium alloys in the oral restoration published between 2004 and 2009. The key words were Ni-Cr alloy, cytotoxicity, prosthodontics, security in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 14 articles were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nickel-chromium alloy has been clinically used for a long time. Because of its low price, good combination with gold porcelain, and relatively simple production process, the nickel-chromium alloy has been widely applied in the oral restoration. In recent years, adverse effects of nickel-chromium alloy have received widespread concern. But there is no evidence that the toxic ions released from nickel-chromium porcelain were precipitated in saliva environment, probably resulting in toxic reaction to cells exposed to the oral and the whole body. It has been proved that the nickel-chromium alloy can be allowed for clinical application. It should be noted that nickel-chromium alloys with higher content of chromium is preferred in the preparation of porcelain crowns.

Key words: biomaterials, biomaterial review, nickel-chromium alloy, cytotoxicity, nickel ions, the amount of precipitation, porcelain technology, prosthodontics, toxic reaction, security

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