Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (10): 1477-1481.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3030

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Effects of femoral prosthetic materials on artificial knee arthroplasty performance

Jia Wei1, Zhang Mandong1, Chen Weiyi2, Wang Chenyan2, Guo Yuan2    

  1. 1College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, 2College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2020-03-07 Revised:2020-03-12 Accepted:2020-04-14 Online:2021-04-08 Published:2020-12-17
  • Contact: Chen Weiyi, MD, Doctoral supervisor, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Jia Wei, Master candidate, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No.11772214 (to GY)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Aseptic loosening of the femoral prosthesis is one of the important issues affecting the life of knee joint replacement. Particles from tibial polyethylene component wear and stress shielding are the main causes of this loosening, which are all related to the femoral prosthesis materials.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of femoral prosthesis materials on the stress of the distal femur of the knee joint and the contact pressure on the polyethylene component by finite element method.
METHODS: Knee arthroplasty models with four materials, titanium alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy, titanium-hydroxyapatite functional gradient biomaterial (FGBM I), titanium-bioactive glass functional gradient biomaterial (FGBM II), were established; the prosthesis was endowed with different material properties in the Abaqus finite element software. The stress distribution of the important vulnerable path in the femur and the changes of contact pressure on the polyethylene component under different materials were studied.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the currently used titanium alloy and cobalt-chromium alloy, functional gradient biomaterials could significantly increase the stress at the femoral-prosthetic interface and the stress in the pathway of an important vulnerable region of the femur. In those materials, FGBM I increased most significantly. (2) Maximum stress of FGBM I and FGBM II prostheses on polyethylene insert was 20.41% and 19.98% lower than cobalt-chromium alloy, 20.07% and 19.63% lower than titanium alloy. (3) The results showed that functionally gradient biomaterials could produce higher stress at the distal end of the femur and lower contact pressure on the polyethylene insert, reducing the wear and stress shield on polyethylene insert, and FGBM I has significant effects. 

Key words: bone, prosthesis, 3D, biomaterials, finite element, knee joint, aseptic loosening, contact pressure,  femoral prosthesis

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