In vitro bioactivity of silicon-incorporated titanium dioxide nanotubes

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0986

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Titanium alloy has been used as an implantable biomaterial for a long time. The contact area between the material surface and bone can be improved by the preparation of TiO₂ nanotube film on the surface of titanium alloys. However, further research is warranted to improve the bioactivity of silicon on the surface of the nanotube.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of silicon-incorporated TiO₂nanotubes on the bioactivity of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro and to provide experimental evidence for the biochemical modification of titanium.

METHODS: Silicon-incorporated TiO₂ nanotubes films on titanium surface were prepared by anodization and silicon plasma immersion ion implantation. Si-TiO₂-NTs film was served as experimental group; TiO₂-NTs was served as positive control group, and titanium film was used as negative control group. Field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to detect the morphology and element composition of samples in three groups. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto the specimen surface of these three groups. After 1, 3, 5 days of cultivation, cell adhesion, spreading and proliferation were detected. After 7 days of cultivation, cell-related gene expression was detected in each group. After 3 and 4 weeks of cultivation, calcium deposition of cultured cells on the samples was evaluated by alizarin red s staining.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under the scanning electron microscope, the addition of silicon element did not change the surface morphology of the nanotube film. On the 1^st day, filopodia expansion was only observed on the cells of the experimental group; on the 3^rd day, the activity of the filopodia increased and began to merge; on the 5^th day, the filamentous network structure increased significantly compared with the other two groups. (2) Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the characteristic peak of silicon element appeared in the experimental group. (2) At 1 and 3 days of culture, the number of adherent cells in the experimental and positive control groups was higher than that in the negative control group. At 5 days of culture, cell proliferation in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). (4) Real-time quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of osteogenic related genes, type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, Runx2, osteocalcin and osteopontin, were all higher in the experimental group than the control groups (P < 0.05). (5) Compared with the negative control group, the cells on TiO₂-NTs and Si-TiO₂-NTs showed an elevated calcium mineral nodule formation at 3 and 4 weeks of culture (P < 0.05). Moreover, the deposited calcium mineral on Si-TiO₂-NTs exhibited a significant increase compared with the other two groups at 4 weeks of culture (P < 0.05). To conclude, TiO₂ nanotube layer can be loaded with silicon ions by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition method and has good osteogenic activity.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

Key words: Silicon, Titanium, Nanotubes, Osteoblasts, Tissue Engineering

CLC Number:

R318

Zhang Xian-jun, Zhao Xi-jiang. In vitro bioactivity of silicon-incorporated titanium dioxide nanotubes[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2018, 22(30): 4864-4869.

Figures/Tables 6

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