Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (22): 3517-3523.doi: 10.12307/2024.531

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Preparation and characterization of methacryloylated hyaluronic acid/acellular Wharton’s jelly composite hydrogel scaffold

Yuan Xun1, 2, Ding Zhengang1, Fu Liwei2, Wu Jiang2, Zheng Yazhe1, 2, Zhang Zhichao2, Tian Guangzhao2, Sui Xiang2, Liu Shuyun2, Guo Quanyi1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; 2Institute of Orthopedics, First Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine, Military Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Warfare Trauma, Beijing 100853, China 
  • Received:2023-09-14 Accepted:2023-11-02 Online:2024-08-08 Published:2024-01-20
  • Contact: Guo Quanyi, MD, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; Institute of Orthopedics, First Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine, Military Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Warfare Trauma, Beijing 100853, China
  • About author:Yuan Xun, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; Institute of Orthopedics, First Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine, Military Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Warfare Trauma, Beijing 100853, China
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Plan Project, No. 2019YFA0110600 (to GQY)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: As tissue engineering brings new hope to the worldwide problem of articular cartilage repair, the construction of light-curing 3D printed hydrogel scaffolds with biomimetic composition is of great significance for cartilage tissue engineering. 
OBJECTIVE: To construct a biomimetic methacryloylated hyaluronic acid/acellular Wharton’s jelly composite hydrogel scaffold by digital light processing 3D printing technology, and to evaluate its biocompatibility. 
METHODS: Wharton’s jelly was isolated and extracted from human umbilical cord, then decellulated, freeze-dried, ground into powder, and dissolved in PBS to prepare 50 g/L acellular Wharton’s jelly solution. Methylallylated hyaluronic acid was prepared, lyophilized and dissolved in PBS to prepare 50 g/L methylallylated hyaluronic acid solution. Acellular Wharton’s jelly solution was mixed with methacrylyacylated hyaluronic acid solution at a volume ratio of 1:1, and was used as bio-ink after adding photoinitiator. Methylacrylylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffolds (labeled as HAMA hydrogel scaffolds) and methylacrylylated hyaluronic acid/acellular Wharton’s jelly gel scaffolds (labeled as HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffolds) were prepared by digital light processing 3D printing technology, and the microstructure, swelling performance, biocompatibility, and cartilage differentiation performance of the scaffolds were characterized. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under scanning electron microscope, the two groups of scaffolds showed a three-dimensional network structure, and the fiber connection of HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffold was more uniform. Both groups achieved swelling equilibrium within 10 hours, and the equilibrium swelling ratio of HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffold was lower than that of HAMA hydrogel scaffold (P < 0.05). (2) CCK-8 assay showed that HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffold could promote the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells compared with HAMA hydrogel scaffold. Dead/live staining showed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grew well on the two groups of scaffolds, and the cells on the HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffolds were evenly distributed and more cells were found. Phalloidine staining showed better adhesion and spread of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffold than in HAMA. (3) Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated into the two groups for chondrogenic induction culture. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of agglutinoglycan, SOX9 and type II collagen in the HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffold group were higher than those in the HAMA hydrogel scaffold group 
(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (4) These findings indicate that the digital light processing 3D bioprinting HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffold can promote the proliferation, adhesion, and chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. 

Key words: Wharton’s jelly, methylacryloyl hyaluronic acid, hydrogel, scaffold, digital light processing 3D printing, cartilage injury, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, tissue engineering

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