Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (9): 1450-1456.doi: 10.12307/2024.041

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Application and prospect of tissue engineering in treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Chen Kaijia1, Liu Jingyun1, Cao Ning2, Sun Jianbo2, Zhou Yan3, Mei Jianguo4, Ren Qiang1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Bone Joint, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China; 2School of Materials and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong Province, China; 3East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; 4Shandong Binzhou Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2023-03-10 Accepted:2023-04-22 Online:2024-03-28 Published:2023-07-26
  • Contact: Ren Qiang, MD, Associate chief physician, Department of Bone Joint, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China; School of Materials and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Chen Kaijia, Master candidate, Department of Bone Joint, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Province Medical and Health Technology Development Plan Project, No. 2017WS040 (to RQ); 2020 Industry-University Collaborative Education Project, No. 202002204024 (to RQ); Xu Rongxiang Regenerative Medicine Development Plan Project of Binzhou Medical University, No. BY2019XRX04 (to RQ)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a common orthopedic disease, and hip preservation surgery with bone grafting is commonly used in the early stage, in which autologous bone and allograft bone are commonly used as bone grafting materials. However, autologous bone transplantation is highly traumatic and bone supply is limited, and allograft bone is rich in sources, but there are serious risks of immune rejection and absorption. In recent years, the tissue engineering technique based on mesenchymal stem cells is a new method for the treatment of femoral head necrosis, which is gradually widely used after basic experiments and clinical application.
OBJECTIVE: To review the application and prospect of tissue engineering in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head to provide a new choice for the clinical treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
METHODS: The PubMed database and CNKI database from 2013 to 2023 were searched by the first author with Chinese and English search terms “tissue engineering, mesenchymal stem cells, biological scaffolds, cytokines, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, bone graft, hip preservation”. The articles on the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with tissue engineering technology were selected, and 55 representative articles were included for review after the initial screening of all articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With the continuous development of biotechnology and materials science, great progress has been made in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head by bone tissue engineering, such as the application of gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells to repair osteonecrosis, the combination of gene recombination technology and surface modification technology with bone tissue engineering in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. (2) When applied to the necrotic femoral head, tissue engineering technology can promote the regeneration of necrotic bone tissue and the repair of the vascular system, provide biomechanical stability for the necrotic area, and use bioactive factors to accelerate the repair of seed cells to complete the regeneration of new bone in necrotic area. (3) However, most of these studies are still in the animal experiment stage, and there are still many unsolved problems and challenges in bone tissue engineering research. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, tissue engineering and clinical medicine, biomimetic replacement bone grafting materials with perfect performance are expected to come into being. (4) In the future, bone tissue engineering for osteonecrosis of the femoral head is expected to be a satisfactory treatment for patients with hip preservation.

Key words: tissue engineering, mesenchymal stem cell, biological scaffold, cytokine, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, bone graft, hip preservation

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