Research hotspots in tissue decellularization method for manufacturing extracellular matrices

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2331

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Biological scaffold materials made of extracellular matrix are currently widely used in clinical treatment and basic studies in vivo and in vitro. The quality of decellularization technique is of great importance since unsuccessful decellularized effects will lead to a series of immunological rejection after implantation, which would finally result in treatment failure.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the research advancement of tissue decellularized method of extracellular matrix materials.

METHODS: The articles published from January 2005 to December 2019 were retrieved from PubMed database. The key words were “extracellular matrix, tissue decellularization, decellularized method, tissue engineering”. The articles published from January 2014 to December 2019 were retrieved from Google Patent database; the key words were “acellular tissue, enzymatic modification”. References closely related to the decellularized method of extracellular matrix materials were included and repetitive studies were excluded.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Preparation methods of acellular matrix materials vary widely, which mainly include physical, chemical and biological methods. Selecting appropriate decellularized method according to different tissue types is vital for thoroughly removing cell components and retaining the structure and constituent of extracellular matrix to the fullest extent. Severe immunoinflammatory responses can occur under the condition of insufficient decellularized effects. Enzymatic modification of acellular tissue can improve tissue flexibility, elasticity and resistance to friction, and further remove tissue immunogenicity. Additionally, proper selection of sterilization method can help to better preserve the ultrastructural and mechanical properties of extracellular matrix materials. Simultaneously, acellular biological scaffolds of xenogenic sources should strictly comply with the provisions of the food and drug supervision and administration measures, which require that the final method of sterilization for extracellular matrix products is selected according to the guidelines for different bacterial inoculations.

Key words: materials, extracellular matrix, acellularization, enzyme modification, sterilization methods, medical devices, review

CLC Number:

He Jing, Ao Qiang. Research hotspots in tissue decellularization method for manufacturing extracellular matrices[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2020, 24(34): 5413-5420.

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