Biological characteristics of porous tantalum: short-term application is clinically safe but the long-term effect needs to be further studied

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.43.024

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Porous tantalum, characterized as high porosity, low elastic modulus, high friction coefficient, stable biological properties, good compatibility and typical structural properties, has been the focus in medicine, especially in orthopedics.
OBJECTIVE: To review the biological characteristics of porous tantalum, including its mechanical properties, compatibility, and biological activity.
METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed, CSTJ, Wanfang and VIP databases was done for articles relevant to porous tantalum published from 1990 to 2014 using the keywords of “porous tantalum, biological character, orthopedic applications” both in English and Chinese.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Porous tantalum, with high porosity, low elastic modulus, high friction coefficient, and good compatibility, has become increasingly popular in medicine, especially in orthopedics. At present, porous tantalum is used in the preparation of the integrated acetabular cup, total hip arthroplasty acetabular cup, acetabular reinforcing pad, porous tantalum metal rod, tibial plateau prosthesis and patellar prosthesis and tibial plateau prosthesis. The short-term follow-up of porous tantalum implants in orthopedic surgery has been reported. And clinical data, radiology, histological analysis of the removed material have proved the practicability and safety of the porous tantalum. But the long-term effects of porous tantalum remain to be confirmed.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

全文链接：

Key words: tantalum, biocompatible materials, review

CLC Number:

R318

Li Bin, Hua Yong-xin, Yang Guang. Biological characteristics of porous tantalum: short-term application is clinically safe but the long-term effect needs to be further studied[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2014, 18(43): 7028-7032.

Figures/Tables 1

多孔钽金属的制作过程是首先对多聚泡沫材料聚亚安酯前体进行热降解，得到低密度、玻璃质样的碳骨架，这一碳骨架呈多重的十二面体排列，形成纵横交错的网格及遍布整体的微孔，然后将商业纯钽通过化学气相沉积/渗透技术(CVD/CVI)结合在这种交联的碳骨架上，由此形成类似松质骨结构的金属支架网络[7-9]。原始的碳骨架能够根据需要做成各种不同的形状，设计者可以通过改变碳骨架构成的方法来设计出品种多样的骨科植入器械。钽金属的沉积厚度为10-100 μm，基本能达到100%致密，颗粒大小仅有1-5 μm，纯度超过99.5%。多孔钽金属的涂层厚度多为40-60 μm，最大抗压强度和抗剪切强度为35-45 MPa，假体的机械性能可通过改变多孔钽金属涂层的厚度来调整。目前临床应用在骨外科植入假体，多孔钽金属的平均孔径在400-600 μm之间，整体孔隙率为75%-85%，这种结构易于诱导骨组织的附着和长入。 2.1 机械性能理想的骨科植入材料必须具有较好的机械性能。钽金属与钛金属、钴铬合金、不锈钢及其他骨科植入材料的机械性能对比见表1[7]。固态钽金属的弹性模量相对较高，约为185 GPa，与多孔碳骨架结合后其弹性模量显著降低，约为3 GPa，介于松质骨(0.1-0.5 GPa)和皮质骨(12-18 GPa)之间，明显比钛合金(110 GPa)和钴铬合金(220 GPa)低。钽金属的弹性模量与软骨下骨相近，但其强度却是后者的10倍。Shimko等[10]认为钽金属的弹性模量与人和牛的松质骨相近。弹性模量低使其能更好地避免应力遮挡，对骨质的重塑更有利。 Zardiackas等[7]发现钽金属比悬臂弯曲的松质骨强度更强，其压缩极限强度是(60±18) MPa，拉伸极限强度是(63±6) MPa，弯曲极限强度是(110±11) MPa，其疲劳极限及耐力极限均高于松质骨、冻干骨折片、陶瓷颗粒和钙盐剂。它的这些机械性使其在骨科应用中能够有效承载生理载荷和骨长入(例如脊柱融合，髋膝人工关节置换，修"

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