Antibacterial properties of oral nano-silver inorganic antibacterial materials

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.03.026

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Nano-silver inorganic antimicrobial agent has the characteristics of broad spectrum antimicrobial and antibacterial ability which is one of the hotspots of oral inorganic antibacterial materials research.
OBJECTIVE: To study the antibacterial properties and antibacterial mechanism of nano-silver inorganic antimicrobial materials in order to provide reference information for the basic experimental research and the clinical application.
METHODS: The antibacterial properties of various oral nano-silver inorganic antimicrobial materials to the common pathogens, such as Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans and Actinomyces viscosus wereanalyzed, the antibacterial properties included the minimum bactericidal concentration and antibacterial rate, and the comparative analysis of them was performed. The antibacterial mechanism of nano-silver inorganic antimicrobial materials was researched to clear its advantages and disadvantages.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The oral nano-silver inorganic antimicrobial materials had a broad antibacterial spectrum, and had strong antibacterial properties to Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, Actinomyces viscosus, Candida albicans, Porphyromonas gingivalis Aeromonas, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It had the lower minimum bactericidal concentration and the higher antibiotic rate. However, the antibacterial properties of the same nano-silver inorganic antibacterial material for different pathogens were different, showing the different minimum bactericidal concentrations and the different antibacterial rates. On the other hand, different nano-silver inorganic antibacterial materials for the same pathogen had different minimum bactericidal concentrations and different antibacterial rates.

Key words: biomaterials, oral cavity, silver, antibacterial, materials, nano, pathogens, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli, Actinomyces viscosus, Candida albicans, Porphyromonas gingivalis Aeromonas, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli

CLC Number:

R318

Zhang Yan-jun, Liu Ke-li. Antibacterial properties of oral nano-silver inorganic antibacterial materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2013, 17(3): 544-551.

Figures/Tables 3

2.3 纳米载银无机抗菌剂的抗菌机制对于银离子的抗菌机制，目前主要有2种机制假说[23-28]：①接触反应机制。银离子与病原菌接触后，与病原菌细胞膜上的各种蛋白相结合，并穿透细胞膜，破坏各种合成酶的活性，导致病原菌细胞膜以及细胞内固有成分被破坏或产生功能障碍而死亡。当菌体失去活性后，银离子又从菌体中游离出来，重复进行杀菌功能。②活性氧机制。载银无机抗菌材料表面分布的银元素能够起到催化活性中心的作用。该活性中心能够吸收环境中的能量，激活吸附在材料表面的空气或水中的氧元素，产生羟自由基和活性氧离子，羟自由基和活性氧离子具有较强的氧化还原能力，能够破坏病原菌细胞的增殖能力，抑制或杀灭病原菌，发挥抗菌性能。纳米材料的抗菌机制[19]：①纳米材料特殊的量子尺寸效应以及极大的比表面积使本身已经有抗菌性能的银、铜、金等金属物质的抗菌性能明显提高。②光催化反应。纳米金属材料发挥抗菌性能是基于光催化反应，在水和空气的体系中，在阳光尤其是紫外线的照射下，纳米金属材料能够自行分解出移动的带负电荷的电子和带正电荷的空穴，并进一步引发一系列化学反应，生成有很强化学活性的原子氧和氢氧自由基，原子氧能够与很多有机物发生反应，同时也能与病原菌体内的有机物发生反应，生成二氧化碳和水，从而在短时间内杀死病原菌。③纳米材料本身的理化性能，如表面能、粗糙度及导电性等改变了原有基质的表面性能，基质上病原菌黏附的局部环境被改变，病原菌的黏附、沉积、生长繁殖受到明显的影响。 2.4 PubMed数据库2009至2012年收录口腔载银无机抗菌材料抗菌性能研究的10篇相关文献举例见表4。"

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