Effects of different doses of microwave therapy on adjacent tissue of titanium alloy implants after fracture surgery

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0119

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Microwave treatment is a common physical therapy method that can increase the temperature and blood circulation of deep tissues, and is used for improving fracture repair. However, microwave treatment cannot be used if there is surgically implanted metal plate or screw.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the dame of microwave treatment to the tissues surrounding the titanium alloy implants.

METHODS: Forty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into experimental and control groups. The model of the fracture at the middle of the femur was established in all rabbits, and the rabbits in the experimental group were implanted with titanium alloy internal fixation systems. A 30-day microwave treatment (2 450 MHz, 20 W or 40 W, 20 minutes daily) was applied to the fracture site in all rabbits at 3 days after operation.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 20 W of wave microwave treatment, the temperature of tissues around the implants showed no significant increase or severe heat injury. While, 40 W of wave microwave treatment significantly increased the temperature of tissues around the implants and the tissue was damaged severely. Our results indicate that, the low-dosage microwave treatment may be a promising method in the rehabilitation therapy of fractures with titanium alloy internal fixation.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程

Key words: Microwaves, Prostheses and Implants, Titanium, Tissue Engineering

CLC Number:

R318

Wang Gang, Xu Yi-ming, Ye Dong-mei, Fu Teng-fei, Zou Yu-zhen, Feng Xian-xuan, Bai Yue-hong. Effects of different doses of microwave therapy on adjacent tissue of titanium alloy implants after fracture surgery[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2018, 22(7): 1072-1077.

Figures/Tables 3

Quantitative analysis of animals None rabbits in the study dropped out, and all were involved in the result analysis. Temperature changes During microwave irradiation, we simultaneously measured the temperatures in deep muscle tissues. Temperature changes are shown in Figure 2. It was found that the temperature in the implanted group at 40 W was higher than that in the implanted group at 20 W (P < 0.000 1). In addition, the temperature in the implanted group at 40 W was higher than that in the control group at 40 W (P = 0.037 3). However, there was no significant difference between control and the implanted groups at 20 W (P = 0.547 9). The peak temperature of the deep muscles in the implanted group at 20 W was between 37.5 ℃ and 37.7 ℃. The peak temperature of the deep muscles in the implanted group at 40 W was between 40.3 ℃ and 40.6 ℃. Light microscopy Sections of the thigh muscle in each group were stained with hematoxylin and eosin after 30 days of microwave treatment. No abnormal morphological changes were found either in the control or implanted groups. Sections of sciatic nerve from each group were also stained with hematoxylin and eosin after the 30-day microwave treatment. The myelin sheaths of the sciatic nerves in the implanted group at 40 W were found to be swollen (Figure 3). Transmission electron microscopy Transmission electron microscope examinations of the skeletal muscle and sciatic nerves in each group were conducted after the 30-day microwave treatment. The muscles in the implanted group at 20 and 40 W showed mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization (mitochondrial damage). Myofilaments and myocommata were unclear. The myelin sheath of the sciatic nerves adjacent to the fractures at 20 W was normal. Part of the myelin sheath of myelinated nerve fibers showed lamellar separation, and ball-like changes in the pith were also observed. The mitochondria in the axons of the implanted group at 40 W were normal (Figure 4). No abnormal morphological changes in the sciatic nerve were discovered in the control group or the implanted group at 20 W. A KS400 image analysis system (Zeiss) was applied to calculate the percentage of the damaged mitochondrial area in each sample, to allow the quantitative analysis of mitochondrial damage in the muscle between two implanted groups, and found significant differences (Figure 5). The percentage of the damaged myelin sheaths of sciatic nerves adjacent to the fractures in the implanted group at 40 W was (31% ± 5%), while the myelin sheaths of sciatic nerves adjacent to the fractures in the implanted group at 20 W were normal. Thus, muscle and nerve injuries in the implanted group at 40 W were more serious than those at 20 W."

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