Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (35): 5618-5623.doi: 10.12307/2024.576

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Effects of moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training on obesity-related muscle atrophy in mice

Hong Weihao1, Tian Hang1, Luan Yisheng1, Ma Yixuan1, Xiong Yingzhe2, Zhang Bing1   

  1. 1Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; 2School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China 
  • Received:2023-10-16 Accepted:2023-11-30 Online:2024-12-18 Published:2024-03-15
  • Contact: Zhang Bing, MD, Professor, Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • About author:Hong Weihao, MD, Assistant researcher, Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Supported by:
    Major Special Project of National General Administration of Sport for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, No. 20212001045 (to ZB)

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity has become a global health issue, often accompanied by complications including obesity-related muscle atrophy. While exercise has been reported to improve various obesity-related diseases, there is limited research focusing on exercise modes. 
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on obesity-related muscle atrophy in mice under the premise of the same exercise distance, providing a scientific basis for exercise interventions for obesity-related muscle atrophy. 
METHODS: Seventy-two male C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups (n=12 per group): standard chow diet, standard chow diet+MICT, standard chow diet+HIIT, high-fat diet, high-fat diet+MICT, and high-fat diet+HIIT. The study evaluated the effects of 8-week treadmill training with different exercise modes on long-term high-fat diet-induced muscle atrophy by detecting muscle mass, muscle index, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, muscle lipid deposition, and the expression of muscle atrophy marker genes Murf-1 and Atrogin-1 in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice exposed to long-term high-fat diet. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared to the high-fat diet group, both MICT and HIIT improved the decrease in gastrocnemius muscle index (MICT+18.8% vs. HIIT+17.6%, not significant between the two modes), muscle fiber atrophy (MICT+15.5% vs. HIIT+13.7%, not significant between the two modes), and muscle lipid deposition (MICT-19.8% vs. HIIT-17.1%, not significant between the two modes). At the gene level, compared with the high-fat diet group, both MICT and HIIT could significantly down-regulate the expression of Murf-1 (MICT-62.4% vs. HIIT-52.6%, the down-regulation caused by MICT was significantly greater than that by HIIT; P < 0.01) and Atrogin-1 (MICT-43.3% vs. HIIT-29.8%, the down-regulation caused by MICT was significantly greater than that by HIIT; P < 0.01). Based on exercise mode comfort and genetic evidence, MICT mode might be more suitable for exercise interventions in obesity-related muscle atrophy.

Key words: obesity, obesity-related muscle atrophy, moderate-intensity continuous training, high-intensity interval training, MuRF-1, Atrogin-1, treadmill exercise, high-fat diet

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