Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (32): 5141-5147.doi: 10.12307/2024.498

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Mechanisms by which high-intensity interval training influences bone health in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Yang Rui1, Cao Kai2, Zhao Wei2, Wang Qingbo3, Lu Chunmin3, Zhang Yan3   

  1. 1School of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300309, China; 3Department of Physical Education, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2023-08-31 Accepted:2023-09-25 Online:2024-11-18 Published:2023-12-28
  • Contact: Zhang Yan, Master, Associate professor, Department of Physical Education, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Yang Rui, Master, Assistant researcher, School of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guangxi Education Science "13th Five-Year Plan" Project, No. 2017C386 (to ZY)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Resistance training and weight-bearing exercise are recommended modes for patients with osteoporosis to improve bone health. High-intensity interval training is a high-impact weight-bearing exercise with obvious time-efficient characteristics; however, little attention has been paid to its impact on bones.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of high-intensity interval training on the bone health of ovariectomized rat models.
METHODS: Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group and model exercise group (n=12 per group). Bilateral ovariectomy was used to prepare an osteoporosis rat model in the latter two groups. Six weeks after modeling, the model exercise group was subjected to a high-intensity interval training on an electric treadmill at 90% peak running speed for 2 minutes and 50% peak running speed for 1 minute as one session, a total of nine sessions, 3 days per week, for 6 weeks. Rats in the sham and model groups were raised quietly in the mouse cage during the same period. The relevant indexes were tested 48-72 hours after the final training.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham group, bone mineral density, maximal load, stiffness, elasticity, trabecular volume fraction, and trabecular number decreased (P < 0.05), while trabecular separation increased (P < 0.05); the level of irisin in the serum, gastrocnemius and femur decreased (P < 0.05); the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α protein and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 mRNA and protein in the gastrocnemius muscle decreased (P < 0.05); the expression of type I collagen, Osterix, and Runx2 mRNA in the femur decreased (P < 0.05); and the expression of anti-tartrate acid phosphatase, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, and osteoclast-associated receptor mRNA increased in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, bone mineral density, fracture load, maximal load, stiffness, elasticity, average trabecular thickness, and trabecular number increased (P < 0.05), and trabecular separation decreased (P < 0.05); the level of irisin in the serum, gastrocnemius and femur increased (P < 0.05); the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α protein and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 mRNA and protein in gastrocnemius increased (P < 0.05); the expression of type I collagen, Osterix, and Runx2 mRNA in the femur increased (P < 0.05); and the expression of anti-tartrate acid phosphatase, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, and osteoclast-associated receptor mRNA decreased in the model exercise group (P < 0.05). To conclude, short-term high-intensity interval training may improve bone health of ovariectomized rats through up-regulating the irisin level.

Key words: high-intensity interval training, postmenopausal osteoporosis, skeletal muscle, irisin, bone health

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