Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 479-485.doi: 10.12307/2024.244

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Biological scaffold materials and printing technology for repairing bone defects

Kong Xiangyu1, Wang Xing2, Pei Zhiwei1, Chang Jiale1, Li Siqin2, Hao Ting3, He Wanxiong1, Zhang Baoxin3, Jia Yanfei3   

  1. 1Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 2Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur 015000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 3Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2023-01-16 Accepted:2023-03-02 Online:2024-01-28 Published:2023-07-10
  • Contact: Zhang Baoxin, Attending physician, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China Jia Yanfei, Chief physician, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Kong Xiangyu, Master candidate, Physician, Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Plan Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Department, No. 2020GG0195 (to ZBX); Natural Science Foundation Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 2019MS008158 (to ZBX); Technology Million Project (Joint) of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. YKD2018KJBW(LH)002 (to ZBX); Science and Technology Plan Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Department, No. 2021GG0174 (to ZBX)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, with the development of biological scaffold materials and bioprinting technology, tissue-engineered bone has become a research hotspot in bone defect repair. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current treatment methods for bone defects, summarize the biomaterials and bioprinting technology for preparing tissue-engineered bone scaffolds, and explore the application of biomaterials and printing technology in tissue engineering and the current challenges.
METHODS: Search terms were “bone defect, tissue engineering, biomaterials, 3D printing technology, 4D printing technology, bioprinting, biological scaffold, bone repair” in Chinese and English. Relevant documents published from January 1, 2009 to December 1, 2022 were retrieved on CNKI, PubMed and Web of Science databases. After being screened by the first author, high-quality references were added. A total of 93 articles were included for review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The main treatment methods for bone defects include bone transplantation, membrane-guided regeneration, gene therapy, bone tissue engineering, etc. The best treatment method is still uncertain. Bone tissue engineering technology is a new technology for the treatment of bone defects. It has become the focus of current research by constructing three-dimensional structures that can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and enhance the ability of bone formation. Biological scaffold materials are diverse, with their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. A single biological material cannot meet the demand for tissue-engineered bone for the scaffold. Usually, multiple materials are combined to complement each other, which is to meet the demand for mechanical properties while taking into account the biological properties of the scaffold. Bioprinting technology can adjust the pore of the scaffold, build a complex spatial structure, and is more conducive to cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The emerging 4D printing technology introduces “time” as the fourth dimension to make the prepared scaffold dynamic. With the synchronous development of smart materials, 4D printing technology provides the possibility of efficient repair of bone defects in the future.

Key words: bone defect, tissue engineering, biomaterial, 3D printing technology, 4D printing technology, bioprinting, biological scaffold, bone repair

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