关键词: 脑出血, 脑损伤, 碱性成纤维细胞生长因子-壳聚糖, 凋亡, 血肿消退, 髓鞘保护, 运动神经功能

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan gels can promote neuronal neurogenesis and vascular regeneration within the stroke lesion, restore functional neural circuits, and improve neurological function; however, the effects of this bioactive material on hemorrhagic stroke remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the intervention effects of basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan gels on hematoma absorption, neuronal apoptosis, myelin protection, and motor neurological function recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.
METHODS: Basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan gel was prepared. A total of 122 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: model group (n=50) and treatment group (n=38) received autologous tail arterial blood injected into the right striatum to establish an intracerebral hemorrhage model, while the sham operation group (n=34) did not undergo modeling. Three hours after surgery, the treatment group received an injection of basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan gel into the right striatum, and the model group received an injection of normal saline into the right striatum. At 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery, the hematoma volume in the whole brain tissue was measured. At 3 days after surgery, the injured area of the right brain tissue was collected for TUNEL staining and myelin basic protein immunofluorescence staining to detect apoptosis and axonal demyelination. At 7 days after surgery, brain edema content was measured, and the injured area of the right brain tissue was collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining, Nissl staining, and neuronal nuclear antigen immunofluorescence staining to detect hematoma absorption and neuronal injury. At 14 days after surgery, the injured area of the right brain tissue was collected for transmission electron microscopy observation and myelin basic protein immunofluorescence staining to detect myelin ultrastructure and remyelination. At 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after surgery, rat body mass was measured, and motor function recovery was assessed using the cylinder test and modified Neurological Severity Score.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The hematoma volume in the treatment group was smaller than that in the model group at 1 and 3 days after surgery, and brain water content was lower than that in the model group at 7 days after surgery. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that hematoma absorption in the treatment group was better than that in the model group. TUNEL staining showed that the proportion of apoptotic cells in the treatment group was lower than that in the model group. Nissl staining and neuronal nuclear antigen immunofluorescence staining showed that neuronal injury in the treatment group was milder than that in the model group. Transmission electron microscopy observation and myelin basic protein immunofluorescence staining showed that acute demyelination after intracerebral hemorrhage in the treatment group was milder than that in the model group, and remyelination in the chronic phase after intracerebral hemorrhage was better than that in the model group. At 14 days after surgery, the body mass of rats in the treatment group was higher than that in the model group. The cylinder test and modified Neurological Severity Score showed that motor function recovery in the treatment group was better than that in the model group. Overall, these findings indicate that basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan gels exert neuroprotective effects by promoting hematoma absorption, inhibiting apoptosis, and protecting myelin through multiple targets, thereby facilitating motor neurological function recovery in rats after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Key words: intracerebral hemorrhage, brain injury, basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan, apoptosis, hematoma resolution, myelin protection, motor functional recovery