中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (32): 8544-8554.doi: 10.12307/2026.428

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

搭载生物材料细胞外泌体修复脊髓损伤的作用机制

郑  颖1,李梦瑶1,郑帆帆2,何  昭1,张  宁1,邹嘉伦1,李优磊1,高  枫1    

  1. 1延安大学延安医学院,陕西省延安市   716000;2晋城市人民医院中医科,山西省晋城市   048000
  • 接受日期:2026-01-01 出版日期:2026-11-18 发布日期:2026-04-29
  • 通讯作者: 高枫,硕士,硕士生导师,教授,延安大学延安医学院,陕西省延安市 716000
  • 作者简介:郑颖,女,1999年生,甘肃省酒泉市人,汉族,硕士在读,主要从事神经损伤的修复与再生研究。
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省自然科学基础研究计划面上项目(2025JC-YBMS-1027),项目负责人:高枫;陕西省秦创原“科学家+工程师”队伍建设项目(2025QCY-KXJ-185),项目负责人:高枫

Mechanism of action of extracellular vesicles loaded with biomaterials in repairing spinal cord injury

Zheng Ying1, Li Mengyao1, Zheng Fanfan2, He Zhao1, Zhang Ning1, Zou Jialun1, Li Youlei1, Gao Feng1   

  1. 1Yan’an Medical College, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi Province, China; 2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jin Cheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng 048000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Accepted:2026-01-01 Online:2026-11-18 Published:2026-04-29
  • Contact: Gao Feng, MS, Master’s supervisor, Professor, Yan’an Medical College, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Zheng Ying, MS candidate, Yan’an Medical College, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation Project of Shaanxi Province, No. 2025JC-YBMS-1027 (to GF); Shaanxi Province’s “Scientist+Engineer” Team Construction Project of Qinchuangyuan, No. 2025QCY-KXJ-185 (to GF) 

摘要:

文题释义:
继发性脊髓损伤:是指在原发性脊髓损伤的基础上,由于多种因素导致的脊髓组织进一步损害。脊髓组织损伤后会发生一系列复杂的生化反应,如炎症递质释放、自由基生成等,这些物质会进一步损伤神经细胞和神经纤维,导致脊髓功能进行性恶化,尤其是感觉、运动功能障碍明显,还可能伴有括约肌功能障碍等其他并发症。
外泌体:是一种由细胞分泌的微小囊泡,直径在30-150 nm之间。外泌体的膜结构富含磷脂和胆固醇,内部包含多种蛋白质、mRNA、微小RNA等,可以携带信号分子、实现细胞间信息传递,从而调节受体细胞的功能和行为,并且能在细胞之间传递营养物质和代谢产物,促进细胞的增殖、分化和迁移,有助于组织的修复和再生。

背景:通过将外泌体与水凝胶、生物支架等生物材料相结合可实现靶向递送功能,不仅为受损组织提供有效支撑,还显著提升了外泌体的治疗效率,从而对脊髓损伤的修复产生积极影响。
目的:综述外泌体与生物材料结合在脊髓损伤治疗中的作用机制及其研究进展。
方法:检索中国知网、PuMed数据库、Web of Science数据库,英文检索词为“spinal cord injury,exosomes,hydrogel,biological scaffold,neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,axonal regeneration,angiogenesis ”,中文检索词为“脊髓损伤,外泌体,水凝胶,生物支架,神经炎症,氧化应激,轴突再生,血管再生”,根据入选标准,最终纳入106篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:目前的研究聚焦于脊髓损伤后继发性损伤的修复,如何更好地缓解继发性损伤带来的伤害是目前研究的重点问题。外泌体结合生物材料治疗脊髓损伤主要通过调节神经炎症、促进轴突再生、缓解氧化应激等途径发挥治疗效果,既能避免发生免疫排斥反应、解决外泌体生物利用率低等问题,又能为损伤部位提供有效组织支撑,有效缓解脊髓损伤后的继发性症状。负载外泌体生物材料治疗脊髓损伤的研究多数仅限于细胞及动物实验,缺少临床试验数据,未来仍需要进行更多的机制研究、安全性评价和相关临床试验。

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1727-3366 (郑颖) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 脊髓损伤, 外泌体, 水凝胶, 生物支架, 神经炎症, 氧化应激, 轴突再生, 血管再生

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Combining exosomes with biomaterials such as hydrogels and biological scaffolds enables targeted delivery, providing effective support for damaged tissue and significantly enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of exosomes, thus positively impacting spinal cord injury repair.
OBJECTIVE: To review the action mechanisms and research progress of exosomes combined with biomaterials in spinal cord injury.
METHODS: Databases including CNKI, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched using the Chinese and English search terms “spinal cord injury, exosomes, hydrogel, biological scaffold, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, axonal regeneration, angiogenesis.” Based on the inclusion criteria, 106 articles were finally included in this review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Current research focuses on the repair of secondary injury after spinal cord injury, and how to better alleviate the damage caused by secondary injury is a key research question. Exosomes combined with biomaterials treat spinal cord injury mainly through regulating neuroinflammation, promoting axonal regeneration, and alleviating oxidative stress. This approach avoids immune rejection, addresses the problem of low exosome bioavailability, and provides effective tissue support to the injured site, effectively alleviating secondary symptoms after spinal cord injury. Most studies on exosome-loaded biomaterials for treating spinal cord injury are limited to cell and animal experiments, lacking clinical trial data. More mechanistic studies, safety evaluations, and relevant clinical trials are needed in the future.


Key words: spinal cord injury, exosomes, hydrogel, biological scaffold, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, axonal regeneration, angiogenesis

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