中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (32): 8544-8554.doi: 10.12307/2026.428
• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇 下一篇
郑 颖1,李梦瑶1,郑帆帆2,何 昭1,张 宁1,邹嘉伦1,李优磊1,高 枫1
接受日期:2026-01-01
出版日期:2026-11-18
发布日期:2026-04-29
通讯作者:
高枫,硕士,硕士生导师,教授,延安大学延安医学院,陕西省延安市 716000
作者简介:郑颖,女,1999年生,甘肃省酒泉市人,汉族,硕士在读,主要从事神经损伤的修复与再生研究。
基金资助:Zheng Ying1, Li Mengyao1, Zheng Fanfan2, He Zhao1, Zhang Ning1, Zou Jialun1, Li Youlei1, Gao Feng1
Accepted:2026-01-01
Online:2026-11-18
Published:2026-04-29
Contact:
Gao Feng, MS, Master’s supervisor, Professor, Yan’an Medical College, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi Province, China
About author:Zheng Ying, MS candidate, Yan’an Medical College, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi Province, China
Supported by:摘要:
文题释义:
继发性脊髓损伤:是指在原发性脊髓损伤的基础上,由于多种因素导致的脊髓组织进一步损害。脊髓组织损伤后会发生一系列复杂的生化反应,如炎症递质释放、自由基生成等,这些物质会进一步损伤神经细胞和神经纤维,导致脊髓功能进行性恶化,尤其是感觉、运动功能障碍明显,还可能伴有括约肌功能障碍等其他并发症。
外泌体:是一种由细胞分泌的微小囊泡,直径在30-150 nm之间。外泌体的膜结构富含磷脂和胆固醇,内部包含多种蛋白质、mRNA、微小RNA等,可以携带信号分子、实现细胞间信息传递,从而调节受体细胞的功能和行为,并且能在细胞之间传递营养物质和代谢产物,促进细胞的增殖、分化和迁移,有助于组织的修复和再生。
背景:通过将外泌体与水凝胶、生物支架等生物材料相结合可实现靶向递送功能,不仅为受损组织提供有效支撑,还显著提升了外泌体的治疗效率,从而对脊髓损伤的修复产生积极影响。
目的:综述外泌体与生物材料结合在脊髓损伤治疗中的作用机制及其研究进展。
方法:检索中国知网、PuMed数据库、Web of Science数据库,英文检索词为“spinal cord injury,exosomes,hydrogel,biological scaffold,neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,axonal regeneration,angiogenesis ”,中文检索词为“脊髓损伤,外泌体,水凝胶,生物支架,神经炎症,氧化应激,轴突再生,血管再生”,根据入选标准,最终纳入106篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:目前的研究聚焦于脊髓损伤后继发性损伤的修复,如何更好地缓解继发性损伤带来的伤害是目前研究的重点问题。外泌体结合生物材料治疗脊髓损伤主要通过调节神经炎症、促进轴突再生、缓解氧化应激等途径发挥治疗效果,既能避免发生免疫排斥反应、解决外泌体生物利用率低等问题,又能为损伤部位提供有效组织支撑,有效缓解脊髓损伤后的继发性症状。负载外泌体生物材料治疗脊髓损伤的研究多数仅限于细胞及动物实验,缺少临床试验数据,未来仍需要进行更多的机制研究、安全性评价和相关临床试验。
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1727-3366 (郑颖)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程
中图分类号:
郑 颖, 李梦瑶, 郑帆帆, 何 昭, 张 宁, 邹嘉伦, 李优磊, 高 枫. 搭载生物材料细胞外泌体修复脊髓损伤的作用机制[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(32): 8544-8554.
Zheng Ying, Li Mengyao, Zheng Fanfan, He Zhao, Zhang Ning, Zou Jialun, Li Youlei, Gao Feng. Mechanism of action of extracellular vesicles loaded with biomaterials in repairing spinal cord injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(32): 8544-8554.








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1.4 质量评估与数据提取 选择与文章内容相关性大、新颖且具有价值的文章进行分析讨论,排除与研究目的相关性差及内容陈旧、重复的文献,最终纳入106篇符合标准的文献进行综述,包括中文文献10篇、英文文献96篇。文献筛选流程见图3。
该文主要聚焦于与生物材料结合的细胞外泌体,目前对于脊髓损伤的研究,主要聚焦于脊髓损伤后继发性损伤的修复,如何更好地缓解继发性损伤带来的伤害是目前研究的重点问题。该文针对治疗脊髓损伤的新兴方法进行综述,即细胞外泌体与生物材料相结合,这种方法既能避免发生传统干细胞移植带来的免疫排斥反应等问题,且易透过血脊髓屏障,又能为损伤部位提供有效组织支撑,较好地改善了脊髓损伤后的一系列继发症状。单一的外泌体治疗在体内生物利用率较低,无法精准到达损伤部位,治疗效果较差。在回顾文献过程中发现,外泌体结合生物材料的治疗方法恢复情况远优于传统治疗手段,患者生存率与治愈率更高,提示在未来,外泌体结合生物材料将成为治疗脊髓损伤重要技术之一。
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