中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (15): 3801-3809.doi: 10.12307/2026.684

• 骨与关节有限元分析Finite element analysis of bones and joints • 上一篇    下一篇

全可视椎间孔镜治疗腰椎椎间隙感染:脊柱稳定性的有限元分析

张俊辉,陈锦旭,梁卓贤,邓德礼,刘  俊   

  1. 广州医科大学附属番禺中心医院,广东省广州市  511400
  • 接受日期:2025-06-27 出版日期:2026-05-28 发布日期:2025-11-05
  • 通讯作者: 刘俊,副主任医师,广州医科大学附属番禺中心医院,广东省广州市 511400
  • 作者简介:张俊辉,男,1995年生,广东省韶关市人,汉族,2021年广东药科大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事脊柱外科相关疾病的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    番禺区卫生健康局、番禺区科技工业商务和信息化局-2022年番禺区科技计划-一般医疗卫生项目-临床医学研究类(2022-Z04-041),课题名称:经皮全可视脊柱内镜治疗腰椎椎间感染的临床疗效分析,项目负责人:张俊辉

Fully visualized foraminoscopy for treating lumbar intervertebral space infection: finite element analysis of spinal stability

Zhang Junhui, Chen Jinxu, Liang Zhuoxian, Deng Deli, Liu Jun   

  1. Panyu Central Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-06-27 Online:2026-05-28 Published:2025-11-05
  • Contact: Liu Jun, Associate chief physician, Panyu Central Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Junhui, MS, Attending physician, Panyu Central Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Panyu District Health and Family Planning Bureau, Panyu District Science, Technology, Industry, Commerce, and Information Technology Bureau - 2022 Panyu District Science and Technology Plan - General Medical and Health Project - Clinical Medicine Research, No. 2022-Z04-041 (to ZJH)

摘要:

文题释义:

全可视椎间孔镜:是一种先进的微创脊柱内镜手术技术,主要用于治疗腰椎间盘突出症、椎管狭窄、神经根受压、腰椎椎间隙感染等脊柱疾病,其核心特点是通过高清内窥镜系统配合可视环锯实现手术全程可视化操作,精准处理病变组织,同时最大程度减少对周围正常结构的损伤。与传统椎间孔镜相比,全可视椎间孔镜的优势在于360°环形视野,无盲区;器械独立操作通道,器械灵活;神经保护性强,可直视下分离神经粘连。
腰椎椎间隙感染:是由病原微生物(如细菌、真菌或结核杆菌)侵入腰椎椎间盘及相邻结构引发的炎症反应,常伴随局部组织破坏、脓肿形成,严重时可累及神经或脊髓。其临床表现主要有局部剧烈腰痛,活动时加重,休息不缓解;腰部肌肉痉挛、压痛、叩击痛;可伴有发热、寒战、乏力、体质量下降(急性期明显,慢性感染可能症状隐匿),甚至出现神经症状,感染扩散压迫神经根或脊髓时,出现下肢放射痛、麻木、肌力下降,甚至尿便功能障碍。
腰椎有限元手术建模:是一种基于Ansys 软件有限元分析的计算机模拟技术,通过建立腰椎三维生物力学模型,模拟手术操作或植入物对腰椎结构(如椎体、椎间盘、韧带、椎弓根等)的应力、应变及稳定性的影响,为手术方案优化、植入物设计及术后力学评估提供理论依据。

摘要
背景:全可视椎间孔镜技术是治疗腰椎椎间隙感染的可靠方式,现阶段,对于椎间隙感染椎间孔镜治疗术后患者腰椎稳定性的生物力学研究还比较欠缺。
目的:分析全可视椎间孔镜治疗腰椎椎间隙感染术前术后腰椎稳定性的生物力学变化,明确此术式是否会对腰椎稳定性产生影响,术后是否需要二期坚强内固定稳定腰椎。
方法:选择1例行椎间隙感染全可视椎间孔镜手术并回访2年患者的术前CT图像,利用Mimics、Geomagic、SolidWorks、Ansys软件建立术前腰椎L4/5(椎间隙感染节段)有限元模型M1;在此基础上,仿照患者术后CT椎间盘处理、椎板关节突截骨情况,还原全可视椎间孔镜治疗椎间隙感染的术后模型M2,在两组模型的L4椎体上施加相同的测试应力,L5椎体固定支撑,分析6个方向(前屈、后伸、左旋转、有旋转、左侧弯、右侧弯)下关节的活动度及纤维环的Von Mises 应力极值。
结果与结论:①与M1模型相比,模型M2在前屈、后伸、左侧弯、右侧弯、左旋转、右旋转的整体关节活动度分别增加0.863°,0.326°,0.580°,0.476°,0.283°,0.054°,模型M1与模型M2活动度变化不大,整体活动度变化均小于2°,稳定性影响较小;②与M1模型相比,模型M2在前屈、后伸、左侧弯、右侧弯、左旋转、右旋转下的纤维环Von Mises应力极值分别增加0.290 9,0.407 6,0.933 6,0.195 5,0.349 7,0.061 5 MPa,模型M1与模型M2不同受力状态下的纤维环Von Mises 应力极值变化不明显,远远小于导致纤维环破坏的阈值(2 MPa);③提示全可视椎间孔镜治疗腰椎椎间隙感染患者术后责任节段稳定性变化不大,积极控制感染病灶后,或许不必强求二期行脊柱内固定确保脊柱稳定性。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 全可视椎间孔镜, 腰椎感染, 椎间隙感染, 有限元分析, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The fully visualized foraminoscopy currently serves as a reliable approach for managing lumbar intervertebral space infections. There is still a lack of biomechanical research on lumbar spine stability in patients after transforaminal endoscopic treatment of intervertebral disc infection.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biomechanical changes in lumbar stability before and after fully visualized foraminoscopy in patients with lumbar intervertebral space infections, and to determine whether this procedure affects lumbar spine stability and whether secondary rigid internal fixation is necessary to ensure postoperative spinal stability.
METHODS: Preoperative CT images from a patient treated with fully visualized foraminoscopy for intervertebral disc infection and followed up for 2 years later were collected. A preoperative finite element model (M1) of the L4/5 (intervertebral disc infection segment) was established using Mimics, Geomagic, SolidWorks, and Ansys. Based on this model, a postoperative model M2 of the patient who underwent fully visualized foraminoscopy for intervertebral disc infection was reconstructed based on the patient's postoperative CT data and laminar/articular process osteotomy. Identical test stresses were applied to the L4 vertebra in both models, while the L5 vertebra was fixed and supported. The range of motion and peak Von Mises stress of the annulus fibrosus were analyzed under six directions (flexion, extension, left rotation, right rotation, left lateral bending, and right lateral bending).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with M1, M2 exhibited range of motion increases of 0.863° (flexion), 0.326° (extension), 0.580° (left lateral bending), 0.476° (right lateral bending), 0.283° (left rotation), and 0.054° (right rotation). The total range of motion changes remained below 2°, indicating minimal impact on segmental stability. (2) Annulus fibrosus stress analysis revealed peak Von Mises stress increases of 0.290 9 MPa (flexion), 0.407 6 MPa (extension), 0.933 6 MPa (left lateral bending), 0.195 5 MPa (right lateral bending), 0.349 7 MPa (left rotation), and 0.061 5 MPa (right rotation) in M2 compared with M2. The peak Von Mises stress of the annulus fibrosus of the M1 and M2 models under different load states did not change significantly, and were far below the threshold value (2 MPa). (3) It is indicated that postoperative stability of the affected segment in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc infection treated with fully visualized foraminoscopy is minimally altered. After active control of the infection, secondary spinal fixation may not be necessary to ensure spinal stability.


Key words: fully visualized foraminoscopy, lumbar spinal infection, intervertebral space infection, finite element analysis, biomechanics

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