中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 2334-2342.doi: 10.12307/2026.645

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

腰椎融合联合单侧固定治疗腰椎退行性疾病:生物力学、技术演化及临床应用

张先绪,马  忠,刘  欣,黄  磊,沈文翔,罗志强   

  1. 兰州大学第二医院骨科,甘肃省兰州市  730030
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03 接受日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2026-03-28 发布日期:2025-09-29
  • 通讯作者: 罗志强,博士,主任医师,兰州大学第二医院骨科,甘肃省兰州市 730030
  • 作者简介:张先绪,男,2000年生,汉族,陕西省旬阳市人,医师,主要从事椎间盘退变方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    兰州大学第二医院萃英科技创新项目(CY2021-MS-A03),项目负责人:罗志强

Lumbar fusion combined with unilateral fixation for lumbar degenerative diseases: biomechanics, technical evolution, and clinical applications 

Zhang Xianxu, Ma Zhong, Liu Xin, Huang Lei, Shen Wenxiang, Luo Zhiqiang   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
  • Received:2025-03-03 Accepted:2025-05-15 Online:2026-03-28 Published:2025-09-29
  • Contact: Luo Zhiqiang, PhD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Xianxu, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Cuiying Science and Technology Innovation Project of Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. CY2021-MS-A03 (to LZQ)

摘要:


文题释义:

腰椎退行性疾病:指随着年龄增长,腰椎发生的退行性变化,主要表现为腰背痛和下肢功能障碍,常见类型包括腰椎间盘突出、腰椎管狭窄等。腰椎退行性疾病的发生与遗传和环境因素密切相关,尤其是遗传因素,该疾病不仅影响患者生活质量,还对患者家庭和社会经济造成负担。
单侧椎弓根螺钉固定:是一种微创手术方式,通过在一侧固定椎弓根螺钉来治疗腰椎退行性疾病。与双侧固定相比,单侧椎弓根螺钉固定能有效减少手术创伤和恢复时间,并降低术后并发症,其优势在于减轻术后疼痛并降低邻近节段退变的风险。

摘要
背景:腰椎退行性疾病是一种中老年人常见疾病,临床表现主要为腰背部疼痛和下肢功能障碍。传统上使用腰椎融合联合双侧椎弓根螺钉固定进行外科干预,但存在创伤大、并发症多等问题。而腰椎融合联合单侧椎弓根螺钉固定是一种新兴的微创治疗方式,具有较小的创伤和较低的并发症风险,已逐渐成为腰椎退行性疾病治疗的新选择。
目的:探讨腰椎融合联合单侧椎弓根螺钉固定治疗腰椎退行性疾病的效果及优势。
方法:通过检索中国知网和PubMed数据库2010年1月至2025年1月发表的相关文献,总结腰椎融合联合单侧椎弓根螺钉固定的临床研究及生物力学特点,以“腰椎融合术,单侧固定,双侧固定,生物力学,腰椎退行性疾病” 为中文检索词,以“lumbar fusion,unilateral fixation,bilateral fixation,biomechanics,degenerative disease of the lumbar spine” 为英文检索词,最终纳入70篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①腰椎融合联合单侧椎弓根螺钉固定能有效减少手术创伤和术中失血量,提供与双侧椎弓根螺钉固定相似的生物力学稳定性,并降低邻近节段退变的风险;②单侧椎弓根螺钉固定在单节段及双节段腰椎退行性疾病治疗中已获得广泛认可,但在多节段腰椎退行性疾病中的应用效果仍需进一步研究;③腰椎融合联合单侧椎弓根螺钉固定为腰椎退行性疾病治疗提供了微创、安全的选择,未来需要更多高质量的研究验证其在复杂病例中的应用和长期疗效,进一步优化临床应用。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 腰椎退行性疾病, 腰椎融合, 单侧椎弓根螺钉固定, 双侧椎弓根螺钉固定, 微创手术, 生物力学, 邻近节段退变

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbar degenerative disease is common in middle-aged and elderly individuals, often presenting as low back pain and lower limb dysfunction. Traditional lumbar fusion combined with bilateral pedicle screw fixation is associated with large surgical trauma, many complications, and other issues. Unilateral pedicle screw fixation combined with lumbar fusion, as a minimally invasive treatment approach, offers smaller trauma and a lower risk of complications, gradually becoming a new choice for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease.
OBJECTIVE: To review the effect and advantages of lumbar fusion surgery combined with unilateral pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease.
METHODS: A literature review was conducted by searching PubMed and CNKI databases from January 2021 to January 2025 to summarize clinical studies and biomechanical characteristics of lumbar fusion combined with unilateral pedicle screw fixation. The search terms included “lumbar fusion, unilateral fixation, bilateral fixation, biomechanics, degenerative disease of the lumbar spine.” Ultimately, 70 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Lumbar fusion surgery combined with unilateral pedicle screw fixation effectively reduces surgical trauma and intraoperative blood loss, provides biomechanical stability similar to bilateral pedicle screw fixation, and lowers the risk of adjacent segment degeneration. (2) Unilateral pedicle screw fixation has been widely recognized in the treatment of single-segment and two-segment lumbar degenerative disease, although its application in multi-segment lumbar degenerative disease still requires further research. (3) Lumbar fusion combined with unilateral pedicle screw fixation provides a minimally invasive and safe option for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease. More high-quality studies are needed in the future to validate its application and long-term efficacy in complex cases and further optimize its clinical use.

Key words: lumbar degenerative disease, lumbar fusion, unilateral pedicle screw fixation, bilateral pedicle screw fixation, minimally invasive surgery, biomechanics, adjacent segment degeneration

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