中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 58-67.doi: 10.12307/2025.576

• 脂肪干细胞 adipose-derived stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

脂肪来源间充质干细胞及外泌体对地塞米松诱导肌肉减少症小鼠的治疗作用

袁为远1,2,雷秦袆3,李秀琪3,卢铁柱3,傅子文4,5,梁志丽5,季韶洋6,李一佳1,2,任  宇3   

  1. 1上海喜迈思生物医药有限公司,上海市  200233;2上海宝山合成生物学转化研究院,上海市   200233;3觅投克(北京)生物医学技术有限公司,北京市   101319;4觅外觅(张家港)生物科技有限公司,江苏省张家港市   215628;5广东艾万生物科技有限公司,广东省珠海市   519060;6中国科学院过程工程研究所,北京市   100190
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-20 接受日期:2025-01-24 出版日期:2026-01-08 发布日期:2025-06-18
  • 通讯作者: 李一佳,博士,副研究员,上海喜迈思生物医药有限公司,上海市 200233;上海宝山合成生物学转化研究院,上海市 200233; 共同通讯作者:任宇,博士,觅投克(北京)生物医学技术有限公司,北京市 101319
  • 作者简介:袁为远,男,1993年生,湖南省张家界市人,土家族,2019年南京中医药大学毕业,硕士,主要从事细胞治疗研究。 共同第一作者:雷秦袆,女,1994年生,陕西省渭南市人,汉族,2020年甘肃农业大学毕业,硕士,主要从事细胞治疗研究。

Therapeutic effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia in mice

Yuan Weiyuan1, 2, Lei Qinhui3, Li Xiuqi3, Lu Tiezhu3, Fu Ziwen4, 5, Liang Zhili5, Ji Shaoyang6, Li Yijia1, 2, Ren Yu3   

  1. 1CiMSC Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; 2Baoshan Institute of Synthetic Biology and Translational Research, Shanghai 200233, China; 3Mitoch Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Beijing 101319, China; 4Miymi Biotech Co., Ltd., Zhangjiagang 215628, Jiangsu Province, China; 5AdvanCell Biotech Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519060, Guangdong Province, China; 6Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2024-11-20 Accepted:2025-01-24 Online:2026-01-08 Published:2025-06-18
  • Contact: Li Yijia, PhD, Associate researcher, CiMSC Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; Baoshan Institute of Synthetic Biology and Translational Research, Shanghai 200233, China; Co-corresponding author: Ren Yu, PhD, Mitoch Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Beijing 101319, China
  • About author:Yuan Weiyuan, MS, CiMSC Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China; Baoshan Institute of Synthetic Biology and Translational Research, Shanghai 200233, China. Lei Qinhui, MS, Mitoch Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Beijing 101319, China. Yuan Weiyuan and Lei Qinhui contributed equally to this work.

摘要:

文题释义:

间充质干细胞:是一类来源于中胚层的具有自我更新和多向分化能力的多能成体干细胞,具有抗炎、免疫调节、组织再生等生物学作用,已被作为新型疗法广泛运用到临床研究中。
肌肉减少症:是一种增龄相关的骨骼肌肉量减少、肌肉力量下降和/或躯体功能减退的老年性疾病。

摘要
背景:肌肉减少症是一种增龄相关的骨骼肌肉量减少、肌肉力量下降和/或躯体功能减退的老年性疾病。目前,针对肌肉减少症的有效治疗手段仍然匮乏,探索新的治疗方法以改善肌肉减少症患者的症状和预后具有重要的临床意义。
目的:探讨犬脂肪来源间充质干细胞及外泌体对地塞米松诱导的小鼠肌肉减少症模型的影响。
方法:从犬脂肪组织中分离并培养脂肪间充质干细胞,通过流式细胞术和成骨、成脂肪、成软骨分化实验进行细胞鉴定及功能评估。随后提取脂肪间充质干细胞外泌体,通过透射电镜、Western blot、库尔特纳米单颗粒检测技术对外泌体进行表征。在体外,使用地塞米松诱导C2C12肌管萎缩模型和C2C12衰老模型,观察犬脂肪来源间充质干细胞及外泌体对肌管生长和肌肉萎缩基因表达的影响。在体内,使用地塞米松诱导构建小鼠肌少症模型,腹腔或静脉注射犬脂肪间充质干细胞治疗,通过小鼠转棒行为学研究、组织病理检查、肌肉萎缩基因检测进行疗效评估。
结果与结论:①分离的犬脂肪间充质干细胞高表达CD73、CD90、CD105,低表达MHC-Ⅱ、CD14、CD19、CD34、CD45,在体外能够成功分化为成骨、成脂和成软骨细胞;②脂肪间充质干细胞外泌体粒径大小、电镜形态、特异性标志物阳性表达符合鉴定标准;③与地塞米松诱导的萎缩C2C12细胞相比,脂肪间充质干细胞及外泌体治疗后均可促进肌管的恢复和生长,抑制肌肉萎缩相关基因MuRF1和Atrogin-1的表达;④与衰老C2C12细胞组比,脂肪间充质干细胞及外泌体可显著促进衰老细胞肌管的恢复和生长;⑤与对照组小鼠相比,地塞米松诱导的肌少症模型小鼠在棒时间显著减少(P < 0.01),脂肪间充质干细胞腹腔和静脉给药后7 d(P < 0.01,P < 0.01)和10 d(P < 0.01,P < 0.05)均可显著增加在棒时间,给药后14 d,各治疗组小鼠在棒时间均高于模型组,但无显著差异;⑥与对照组相比,地塞米松组胫前肌肌管面积显著减小(P < 0.01),脂肪间充质干细胞腹腔和静脉给药后可显著增加胫前肌肌管横截面积(P < 0.05,P < 0.01);⑦与地塞米松组相比,脂肪间充质干细胞腹腔和静脉给药可显著抑制MuRF1和Atrogin-1基因表达(P < 0.01,P < 0.01,P < 0.01,P < 0.01)。结果表明,脂肪来源间充质干细胞及外泌体可通过抑制肌肉萎缩基因表达,促进萎缩肌管细胞恢复和生长,腹腔和静脉注射脂肪来源间充质干细胞均对肌肉减少症小鼠有良好的治疗作用。

关键词: 脂肪间充质干细胞, 肌少症, 细胞治疗, 外泌体, 衰老, 肌肉萎缩, 地塞米松

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and/or physical function. Currently, effective treatments for sarcopenia remain limited. A new therapeutic approach to improve symptoms and prognosis of sarcopenia patients clinically was important. 
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on a dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia in mice.
METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured from canine adipose tissue, and identified and functionally evaluated through flow cytometry and differentiation assays for osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis. Subsequently, exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were extracted and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, western blot assay, and nanocoulter tracking analysis. In vitro, the effects of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on myotube growth and the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes were investigated using dexamethasone-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy and aging C2C12 models. In vivo, a dexamethasone-induced mouse sarcopenia model was established and received intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed through mouse rotarod performance, histopathological analysis, and muscle atrophy-related genes testing.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The isolated canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells highly expressed CD73, CD90, and CD105, and lowly expressed MHC-II, CD14, CD19, CD34, and CD45, and successfully differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes in vitro. (2) The adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes met the identification criteria in terms of particle size, electron microscopy morphology, and positive expression of specific markers. (3) Compared to the dexamethasone-induced C2C12 atrophy group, treatment with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes promoted the recovery and growth of myotubes, inhibited the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes MuRF1 and Atrogin-1. (4) Compared to the aging C2C12 group, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes significantly enhanced the recovery and growth of aged muscle tubes in aging cells. (5) Compared to the control group, the rotarod time in dexamethasone-induced sarcopenia model mice was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). After 7 days (P < 0.01, P < 0.01) and 10 days (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells treatment via intraperitoneal and intravenous injection, rotarod time was significantly increased, respectively. After 14 days, all treatment groups showed longer rotarod times than the model group, although with no significant differences between them. (6) Compared to the control group, the cross-sectional area of anterior tibial muscle in the model group was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), and it was significantly increased after intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (7) Compared to the model group, intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 genes (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). The results indicated that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes promoted recovery and growth of atrophic myotube cells by inhibiting the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes, and both intraperitoneal and intravenous administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells provided good therapeutic effects on sarcopenia in mice.

Key words: adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell, sarcopenia, cell therapy, exosome, aging, muscle atrophy, dexamethasone

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