中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 50-57.doi: 10.12307/2025.578

• 骨髓干细胞 bone marrow stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

二甲基氧化甘氨酸对人骨髓间充质干细胞成骨、成脂分化及线粒体自噬的影响

陈启衡1,2,翁土军1,彭  江1   

  1. 1解放军总医院第四医学中心骨科医学部研究所,北京市   100853;2解放军医学院,北京市   100853
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31 接受日期:2024-12-23 出版日期:2026-01-08 发布日期:2025-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 彭江,主任医师,研究员,解放军总医院第四医学中心骨科医学部研究所,北京市 100853; 共同通讯作者:翁土军,副研究员,解放军总医院第四医学中心骨科医学部研究所,北京市 100853
  • 作者简介:陈启衡,男,1997年生,北京市人,汉族,解放军医学院在读硕士,主要从事股骨头坏死组织工程修复研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFB3804303),项目分课题负责人:翁土军;解放军总医院青年自主创新科学基金项目(22QNCZ032),项目负责人:翁土军

Effect of dimethylglyoxal glycine on osteogenic, adipogenesis differentiation, and mitophagy of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Chen Qiheng1, 2, Weng Tujun1, Peng Jiang1   

  1. 1Institute of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; 2Chinese People’s Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
  • Received:2024-10-31 Accepted:2024-12-23 Online:2026-01-08 Published:2025-06-17
  • Contact: Peng Jiang, Chief physician, Researcher, Institute of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Co-corresponding author: Weng Tujun, Associate researcher, Institute of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
  • About author:Chen Qiheng, Master candidate, Institute of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Chinese People’s Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Plan Project, No. 2022YFB3804303 (to WTJ); Youth Independent Innovation Science Fund Project of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, No. 22QNCZ032 (to WTJ) 

摘要:

文题释义:

二甲基氧化甘氨酸:一种α-酮戊二酸模拟物,能够抑制脯氨酰羟化酶的活性,进而稳定和激活缺氧诱导因子1α,所以也称为低氧模拟剂。缺氧诱导因子1α是细胞在低氧状态下发挥功能的关键转录因子,参与调节多种基因的表达,影响细胞代谢、增殖和分化。
线粒体自噬:细胞通过自噬机制选择性地清除受损、失去功能或多余的线粒体的过程。作为一种细胞自噬形式,线粒体自噬对于维持线粒体功能的稳定、细胞内环境的平衡以及预防线粒体相关疾病至关重要。

摘要
背景:骨髓间充质干细胞在股骨头坏死等疾病的治疗中发挥重要作用,其治疗效果与细胞质量息息相关,如何为细胞赋能成为如今研究的热点。
目的:探究低氧模拟剂二甲基氧化甘氨酸预处理对人骨髓间充质干细胞线粒体自噬、分化能力的影响。
方法:从患者髂骨的骨髓血中提取骨髓间充质干细胞,体外培养至第3代,用0,10,50,100 μmol/L 二甲基氧化甘氨酸处理
24 h,然后更换成骨诱导分化培养基,此为预处理组;而在细胞贴壁后直接用含有0,10,50,100 μmol/L二甲基氧化甘氨酸的成骨诱导培养基培养,此为持续处理组。诱导7 d后进行碱性磷酸酶染色,选出最利于成骨分化的条件为实验组,正常培养的骨髓间充质干细胞为对照组。采用碱性磷酸酶染色、碱性磷酸酶活性、油红O染色及RT-qPCR评估两组骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨、成脂分化差异;采用MitoSox染色检测线粒体活性氧水平;采用Mito-tracker和Lyso-tracker染色检测线粒体和溶酶体的共定位情况;使用荧光探针JC-1检测线粒体膜电位。
结果与结论:碱性磷酸酶染色显示,对骨髓间充质干细胞成骨最有利的处理方式为10 μmol/L二甲基氧化甘氨酸预处理24 h。与对照组相比,实验组骨髓间充质干细胞的碱性磷酸酶染色表达增强,碱性磷酸酶活性和成骨相关基因表达升高,油红O染色显示脂滴生成减少以及成脂相关基因表达下降,线粒体活性氧生成减少,线粒体和溶酶体的共定位增多,线粒体膜电位升高。结果表明,10 μmol/L二甲基氧化甘氨酸预处理可以促进骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化,抑制成脂分化,并增强线粒体自噬。

关键词: 骨髓间充质干细胞, 二甲基氧化甘氨酸, 预处理, 成骨分化, 成脂分化, 线粒体, 线粒体自噬, 线粒体膜电位, 线粒体活性氧, 溶酶体

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells play a crucial role in treatment of diseases, such as femoral head necrosis, and the therapeutic efficacy is closely related to the quality of the cells. The empowerment of cells has become a research focus.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of hypoxia mimetic dimethylglyoxal glycine pretreatment on mitophagy and differentiation capacity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from the bone marrow of patients’ iliac crest and cultured in vitro to the third passage. The cells were treated with dimethylglyoxal glycine at 0, 10, 50, and 100 μmol/L for 24 hours, followed by the replacement with an osteogenic induction differentiation medium, which constituted the pretreatment group. The continuous treatment group was cultured directly in osteogenic induction medium containing 0, 10, 50, and 100 μmol/L dimethylglyoxal glycine after cell adhesion. After 7 days of induction, alkaline phosphatase staining was performed to select the most favorable conditions for osteogenic differentiation for subsequent experiments, with normally cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells serving as the control group. Alkaline phosphatase staining, alkaline phosphatase activity, oil red O staining, and related RT-qPCR were used to evaluate the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation differences of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells between the two groups. MitoSox staining was used to detect mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels. Mito-tracker and Lyso-tracker staining were used to detect the co-localization of mitochondria and lysosomes. The fluorescent probe JC-1 was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Alkaline phosphatase staining indicated that the most beneficial treatment for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis was pretreatment with 10 μmol/L dimethylglyoxal glycine for 24 hours. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed enhanced alkaline phosphatase staining expression, increased alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic gene expression, reduced lipid droplet formation and adipogenic gene expression as indicated by oil red O staining, decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, increased co-localization of mitochondria and lysosomes, and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential. The results suggest that 10 μmol/L dimethylglyoxal glycine pretreatment can promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, inhibit adipogenic differentiation, and enhance mitophagy.  

Key words: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, dimethylglyoxal glycine, pretreatment, osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic differentiation, mitochondria, mitophagy, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, lysosome

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