中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (33): 7241-7249.doi: 10.12307/2025.910

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

髋关节置换后的假体内分离并发症

廖启宇,茹江英   

  1. 广州医科大学附属清远医院(清远市人民医院)骨关节科,广东省清远市  511518
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-12 接受日期:2024-11-19 出版日期:2025-11-28 发布日期:2025-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 茹江英,博士,副教授,主任医师,硕士生导师,广州医科大学附属清远医院(清远市人民医院)骨关节科,广东省清远市 511518
  • 作者简介:廖启宇,男,2000年生,广东省湛江市人,汉族,广州医科大学在读硕士,主要从事关节矫形与重建外科的研究。

Complications of intra-prosthetic dissociation after hip arthroplasty

Liao Qiyu, Ru Jiangying   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2024-09-12 Accepted:2024-11-19 Online:2025-11-28 Published:2025-04-15
  • Contact: Ru Jiangying, MD, Associate professor, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Liao Qiyu, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

假体内分离:是髋关节置换术后发生的一种特殊类型的并发症,常表现为假体组件的分离,可发生于术后的任何时候,根据发生时间,以术后24个月为界限,可分为早期假体内分离和晚期假体内分离。根据髋关节假体系统的不同,又可分为常规的全髋关节系统、双动头半髋关节系统、双动头全髋关节系统假体内分离。同时,导致该并发症的发生可能有不同的病因,如高能创伤、脱位后尝试髋关节闭合复位、假体组件的超适应证使用、假体位置不当和聚乙烯衬垫磨损等。对于全髋关节假体或半髋关节假体,均有术后发生假体内分离并发症的报道,其发生率为0.03%-12.26%。
开瓶器效应:医源性分离是双动头半髋关节置换术后常见的一种并发症。由于脱位后假体常弹性固定于髋臼后壁,在手法闭合复位操作时,髋臼后缘充当支点,在扭转应力下双动杯发生翻转。此时,聚乙烯卡环极易发生断裂,从而使股骨假体的大、小金属头出现分离现象,这也被称作“开瓶器效应”。


背景:应用于髋关节置换术中组配型假体最大的优势在于,可赋予手术极大的灵活性,个体化满足不同患者的需求,并降低假体翻修的概率;即使翻修也可使手术化繁为简,减少骨质的破坏和流失,但其术后可能发生假体内分离的并发症,目前仍是临床上一个不可忽视的重要问题,一旦发生可能带来灾难性的后果。因此,全面认识该并发症的流行病学特点、影像学判读、发生机制及处理方法等内容,对关节外科医生制定相应科学、合理的防治策略至关重要。

目的:综述髋关节置换后发生假体内分离并发症的相关研究进展。
方法:通过万方和PubMed数据库检索1978-01-01/2024-08-31发表关于髋关节置换后发生假体内分离并发症的研究原著、综述、述评、病例报告、荟萃分析,通过将文献汇总、分析,对髋关节置换后发生假体内分离并发症的流行病学特点、影像学判读、发生机制及治疗策略等方面做一综述。

结果与结论:①假体内分离是一种相对少见的并发症;对于活动量较大的中年患者、超重或术前诊断为骨关节炎的患者,在髋关节置换术后早期发生该并发症的风险可能更大;②尽管X射线片或超声影像下的特有征象有助于诊断假体内分离,但MRI和CT在诊断聚乙烯衬垫分离方面被认为更具价值;③假体内分离发生的原因可能与假体内撞击、假体自身因素、假体位置安装不当、医源性分离等因素有关;④假体内分离的治疗策略应权衡假体内分离的类型、患者的身体状况及合并症等综合因素而定。

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2837-7866(廖启宇)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 假体内分离, 髋关节置换, 发生机制, 治疗策略, 骨科植入物

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The modular prosthesis applied in hip arthroplasty has the greatest advantages of making operations more flexible, individually meeting the needs of different patients, and reducing the chance of prosthesis revision. Even in the case of revision surgery, the procedure can be simplified, minimizing bone destruction and loss. However, the possible complication of intra-prosthetic dissociation after operation is still an important issue that cannot be ignored in clinical practice, which may bring disastrous consequences once it occurs. Therefore, having a comprehensive understanding of the epidemiological characteristics, imaging interpretation, mechanism and treatment of this complication is of great importance for joint surgeons to develop appropriate scientific and reasonable prevention and treatment strategies.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress on the complication of intra-prosthetic dissociation after hip arthroplasty.
METHODS: The WanFang and PubMed databases were retrieved for original research, reviews, comments, case reports, and meta-analyses published from January 1, 1978 to August 31, 2024 on the complications of intra-prosthesis separation after hip replacement. The epidemiological characteristics, imaging interpretation, occurrence mechanism, and treatment strategies of intra-prosthesis separation complications after hip arthroplasty were reviewed by summarizing and analyzing the literature.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Intra-prosthetic dissociation is a comparatively uncommon complication. This complication may pose a higher risk in the early postoperative period for patients who are middle-aged with higher activity level, overweight or preoperatively diagnosed with osteoarthritis. (2) Although specific signs under X-ray or ultrasound imaging can facilitate the diagnosis of intra-prosthetic dissociation, MRI and CT are deemed more valuable in diagnosing polyethylene liners dissociation. (3) The cause of intra-prosthetic dissociation may be related to factors such as intra-prosthetic impingement, prosthesis-related factors, improper positioning of the prosthesis, and iatrogenic disassociation. (4) The treatment strategy should be determined based on comprehensive factors such as the type of intra-prosthetic dissociation, patient’s physical condition and comorbidities.

Key words: intra-prosthetic dissociation, hip arthroplasty, action mechanism, treatment strategy, orthopedic implant

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