中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (36): 7872-7879.doi: 10.12307/2025.555

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞衍生外泌体在结直肠癌治疗中的作用

郭  昭1,庄浩岩1,史学文2   

  1. 1山东中医药大学第一临床医学院,山东省济南市   250000;2山东中医药大学附属医院肛肠科,山东省济南市   250000
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-22 接受日期:2024-09-21 出版日期:2025-12-28 发布日期:2025-03-24
  • 通讯作者: 史学文,博士,主任医师,山东中医药大学附属医院肛肠科,山东省济南市 250000
  • 作者简介:郭昭,女,1999年生,山东省招远市人,汉族,山东中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事肛肠疾病临床与基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省中医药科技发展项目(2019-0187),项目负责人:史学文;齐鲁中医药优势专科集群建设项目(YWC2022ZKJQ0003),项目负责人:史学文

Role of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of colorectal cancer

Guo Zhao1, Zhuang Haoyan1, Shi Xuewen2   

  1. 1First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China; 2Department of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2024-04-22 Accepted:2024-09-21 Online:2025-12-28 Published:2025-03-24
  • Contact: Shi Xuewen, MD, Chief physician, Department of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Guo Zhao, Master candidate, First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Project, No. 2019-0187 (to SXW); Qilu Traditional Chinese Medicine Advantage Specialty Cluster Construction Project, No. YWC2022ZKJQ0003 (to SXW)

摘要:

文题释义:

结直肠癌:结直肠癌的发病较为隐匿,通常被诊出时已经是晚期。目前治疗结直肠癌的方法包括早期手术治疗和晚期化学治疗。但是手术治疗的风险较高且术后并发症多,化学治疗需要长期进行,耐药性及患者依从性都得不到保证,这迫使研究者们寻求新的治疗方法。
间充质干细胞衍生外泌体:各种不同来源的间充质干细胞均可以产生外泌体,并且无论在生理或者病理状态下都可以正常分泌外泌体。近年来,间充质干细胞衍生外泌体主要通过血管生成、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和促进肿瘤细胞凋亡来发挥治疗结直肠癌的作用。

摘要
背景:目前结直肠癌的治疗方法包括手术切除、化疗等,但是手术并发症多、化疗后期具有耐药性等原因都使得患者的后续生活质量不能得到提高。
目的:综述间充质干细胞衍生外泌体治疗结直肠癌的作用机制、最新进展及目前存在的问题。
方法:计算机检索PubMed数据库、中国知网、万方数据库收录的相关文献。英文检索词为“mesenchymal stem cells exosomes,colorectal cancer,chemotherapy,treatment”,中文检索词为“间充质干细胞外泌体,结直肠癌,化疗,治疗”,最终纳入96篇文献进行分析。
结果与结论:①间充质干细胞衍生外泌体主要通过自身携带的微小RNA及长链非编码RNA以介导不同的信号通路,在结直肠癌中发挥不同作用;②间充质干细胞衍生外泌体具有高稳定性、高生物相容性的特点,可作为治疗药物的优秀载体;③间充质干细胞衍生外泌体对不同种类的化疗药物的耐药性具有不同的作用。

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 外泌体, 结直肠癌, 化疗, 机制, 潜在靶点, 载体, 工程化干细胞, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, the treatment methods for colorectal cancer include surgical resection and chemotherapy. However, the subsequent quality of life of patients cannot be improved due to the multiple surgical complications and drug resistance in the later stage of chemotherapy.
OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism of action, latest progress and existing problems of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
METHODS: PubMed, CNKI and WanFang databases were searched for relevant literature using the search terms of “mesenchymal stem cells exosomes, colorectal cancer, chemotherapy, treatment” in Chinese and English, respectively. Finally, 96 articles were included for analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes play different roles in the treatment of colorectal cancer mainly through the microRNAs and long-chain non-coding RNAs carried by themselves to mediate different signaling pathways. (2) Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are highly stable and biocompatible, which makes them excellent carriers of therapeutic drugs. (3) Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have different effects on resistance to different types of chemotherapeutic agents.

Key words: ">mesenchymal stem cell, exosome, colorectal cancer, chemotherapy, mechanism, potential target, carrier, engineered stem cell, review

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