中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (29): 6260-6268.doi: 10.12307/2025.742

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

创伤性脑损伤促进骨痂形成及骨折愈合的机制

刘涵菲,蔡振存,周雪婷,温  航,陈振军   

  1. 沈阳医学院附属中心医院,辽宁省沈阳市  110024

  • 收稿日期:2024-09-06 接受日期:2024-10-31 出版日期:2025-10-18 发布日期:2025-03-07
  • 通讯作者: 陈振军,硕士,主任医师,沈阳医学院附属中心医院,辽宁省沈阳市 110024
  • 作者简介:刘涵菲,女,1999年生,辽宁省人,汉族,沈阳医学院在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    沈阳市科技计划项目(22-321-32-13),项目负责人:蔡振存;2023年度辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(JYTMS20231396),项目负责人:蔡振存

Mechanisms by which traumatic brain injury promotes bone callus formation and fracture healing

Liu Hanfei, Cai Zhencun, Zhou Xueting, Wen Hang, Chen Zhenjun   

  1. Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2024-09-06 Accepted:2024-10-31 Online:2025-10-18 Published:2025-03-07
  • Contact: Chen Zhenjun, MS, Chief physician, Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Liu Hanfei, Master candidate, Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shenyang Science and Technology Program Project, No. 22-321-32-13 (to CZC); The 2023 Basic Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education, No. JYTMS20231396 (to CZC)

摘要:


文题释义:
创伤性脑损伤:是由外力作用引起的脑部损伤,可能导致脑组织损伤、出血、肿胀或神经功能障碍。症状包括头痛、意识丧失、记忆障碍、情绪变化和认知功能减退。
骨痂:是指在骨折愈合过程中,在骨折端形成的新的骨组织。骨痂的形成是骨折愈合的一个重要阶段,它通过纤维组织、软骨和新生骨的逐渐替代和重塑,使骨折端重新连接并恢复骨的结构和功能。骨痂分为软骨痂和硬骨痂两个阶段,最初的软骨痂逐渐被矿化并转化为硬骨痂,从而最终完成骨折愈合。

背景:骨折延迟愈合和不愈合是常见的临床问题。在临床观察中,常见到合并创伤性脑损伤的四肢骨折患者的骨折愈合速度明显快于无脑损伤的患者。这一现象背后的可能机制已成为当前研究的重要焦点。近年来的研究表明,创伤性脑损伤通过调控细胞因子、激素、神经信号以及干细胞等机制,显著加速了骨痂形成和骨折愈合过程。
目的:总结创伤性脑损伤促进骨痂形成及骨折愈合机制的最新研究进展,为临床应用提供理论依据。
方法:文章第一作者通过检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science及Cochrane Library 数据库2013年1月至2024年10月相关文献,个别文献追溯至20年前。检索词为“创伤性脑损伤,骨痂,骨折愈合,炎症反应,细胞因子,激素,神经肽,基因,干细胞”“traumatic brain injury,callus,fracture healing,inflammatory response, cytokines,hormones,neuropeptides,genes,stem cells”,最终选取符合纳入标准的文献共计83篇。
结果与结论:创伤性脑损伤对骨痂形成及骨折愈合的促进作用机制极其复杂,涉及细胞因子、激素、神经系统和干细胞等多个调节环节。然而,目前关于创伤性脑损伤促进骨痂形成及骨折愈合的具体机制尚未得到全面、清晰的理解,仍需进一步深入研究。现有研究表明,创伤性脑损伤主要通过促进细胞因子(如胰岛素样生长因子1)和激素(如生长激素及瘦素)的释放,调控神经系统,促进干细胞的增殖与分化等机制来加速骨痂形成和骨组织再生。此外,创伤性脑损伤会引发一系列免疫反应,包括炎症因子的释放和免疫细胞的激活,这些反应能够调节骨折修复的过程。具体而言,免疫反应通过增强局部血流、促进细胞迁移和激活成纤维细胞,从而支持骨愈合的不同阶段。同时,创伤性脑损伤诱发的干细胞活化也在骨折修复中发挥了关键作用。活化的干细胞能够分化为骨细胞、软骨细胞和脂肪细胞,促进骨组织再生和修复。因此,创伤性脑损伤诱发的免疫反应与干细胞的活化共同作用,为骨折愈合提供了必要的支持。这些机制能够加速骨愈合过程,显著缩短愈合时间,提升骨折患者的预后。综上所述,创伤性脑损伤通过多重机制促进骨痂形成和骨折愈合,展现其在骨修复中的重要性。未来研究应聚焦创伤性脑损伤影响骨愈合的信号通路及调控因子,深入理解其作用机制,这将为开发靶向治疗、干细胞及神经调控疗法提供理论基础,具有缩短愈合时间、优化康复方案、改善预后的临床价值。因此,探索创伤性脑损伤引发的生物效应将为骨折治疗开辟新途径。
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0045-3662(刘涵菲);https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0019-4565(陈振军)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 创伤性脑损伤, 骨痂, 骨折愈合, 炎症反应, 细胞因子, 激素, 神经肽, 基因, 干细胞

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Delayed healing and nonunion of fractures are common clinical issues. Clinical observations have shown that patients with limb fractures combined with traumatic brain injury experience significantly faster fracture healing compared with those without brain injury. The potential mechanisms behind this phenomenon have become a crucial focus of current research. Recent studies indicate that traumatic brain injury significantly accelerates callus formation and fracture healing processes by regulating cytokines, hormones, neural signals, and stem cell mechanisms.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the latest research progress in the mechanisms by which traumatic brain injury promotes callus formation and fracture healing, thereby providing a theoretical basis for clinical applications.
METHODS: The first author conducted a search of CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for literature published from January 2013 to October 2024, with some references traced back up to 20 years. The search terms used were “traumatic brain injury, callus, fracture healing, inflammatory response, cytokines, hormones, neuropeptides, genes, stem cells” in Chinese and English. A total of 83 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were ultimately selected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mechanism by which traumatic brain injury promotes callus formation and fracture healing is highly complex, involving multiple regulatory pathways such as cytokines, hormones, the nervous system, and stem cells. However, the precise mechanisms are still not fully understood and require further investigation. Current research suggests that traumatic brain injury accelerates bone callus formation and bone tissue regeneration by promoting the release of cytokines (e.g., insulin-like growth factor-1) and hormones (e.g., growth hormone and leptin), regulating the nervous system, and promoting stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, traumatic brain injury triggers a series of immune responses, including the release of inflammatory factors and activation of immune cells, which modulate fracture healing. These responses improve local blood flow, cell migration, and fibroblast activation, supporting various stages of bone healing. Stem cell activation induced by traumatic brain injury is also crucial, as activated stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, facilitating bone tissue regeneration and repair. Therefore, traumatic brain injury-induced immune responses and stem cell activation work together to accelerate fracture healing, providing essential support for the process. These mechanisms significantly shorten the healing time and improve patient outcomes. In conclusion, traumatic brain injury promotes callus formation and fracture healing through multiple mechanisms, highlighting its importance in bone repair. Future research should focus on the signaling pathways and regulatory factors influenced by traumatic brain injury to further understand its mechanisms. These findings will provide a foundation for developing targeted therapies, stem cell treatments, and neural regulation therapies, with potential clinical value in shortening healing time, optimizing recovery protocols, and improving prognosis. Exploring traumatic brain injury-induced biological effects will open new avenues for fracture treatment.

Key words: traumatic brain injury, callus, fracture healing, inflammatory response, cytokines, hormones, neuropeptides, genes, stem cells

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