中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (27): 5773-5784.doi: 10.12307/2025.832

• 骨与关节生物力学Bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗不同类型骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的生物力学分析

潘泓宇1,李红桃1,肖常明1,李  森2   

  1. 西南医科大学附属中医医院脊柱外科,四川省泸州市   646000;2南京鼓楼医院脊柱外科,江苏省南京市   210008
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-31 接受日期:2024-08-12 出版日期:2025-09-28 发布日期:2025-03-05
  • 通讯作者: 李森,博士,主任医师,南京鼓楼医院脊柱外科,江苏省南京市 210008
  • 作者简介:潘泓宇,男,1999年生,海南省海口市人,汉族,西南医科大学在读硕士,主要从事脊柱脊髓损伤等相关方向的研究。 并列第一作者:李红桃,男,1999 年生,四川省成都市人,汉族,在读硕士,主要从事脊柱脊髓损伤等相关方向的研究。 并列第一作者:肖常明,男,1989年生,四川省成都市人,汉族,2019年重庆医科大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事脊柱疾病的中西医治疗及相关研究。

Biomechanical analysis on treatment of different types of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with individualized precise puncture vertebral augmentation

Pan Hongyu1, Li Hongtao1, Xiao Changming1, Li Sen2   

  1. 1Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; 2Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2024-05-31 Accepted:2024-08-12 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-03-05
  • Contact: Li Sen, MD, Chief physician, Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Pan Hongyu, Master candidate, Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China Li Hongtao, Master candidate, Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China Xiao Changming, MS, Attending physician, Department of Spine Surgery, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China Pan Hongyu, Li Hongtao, and Xiao Changming contributed equally to this article.

摘要:

文题释义

个体化精准穿刺:根据患者手术前的椎体CT影像数据进行精准测量,以椎体中线前1/3作为穿刺终点,设计最佳穿刺路径的椎体强化术进针路径。
椎体强化术:是目前治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的微创手术方法,包括经皮椎体后凸成形术和经皮椎体成形术,通过骨水泥填充进骨折椎体,达到缓解疼痛、矫正椎体畸形和恢复椎体高度的治疗效果。
有限元分析:基于患者CT扫描原始数据构建三维椎体模型,可以反映载荷情况下椎体内部和局部的生物学动态变化。相比传统生物力学试验方法,有限元分析具有可重复实验和数据客观的优点。

摘要
背景:个体化精准穿刺入路是近年来提出椎体强化治疗的新型入路方式,并且已经取得了良好的临床疗效,但仍缺少相关生物力学研究。
目的:采用有限元分析方法探讨个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折椎体终板以及椎间盘生物力学的影响。
方法:使用3例已完成个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者术前和术后的CT影像资料,建立楔形型、双凹型、塌陷型术前和术后共6个模型。在椎体垂直方向加载500 N力矩和10 N/m旋转力矩,模拟正常椎体的生理活动,包括前屈、后伸、左侧弯、右侧弯、左旋转和右旋转,观察个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗后不同类型骨折椎体终板、邻近终板以及椎间盘的应力变化。
结果与结论:①成功建立了个体化精准穿刺椎体强化术前和术后脊柱功能单元的三维有限元模型;②个体化精准穿刺椎体强化术后,楔形型、双凹型及塌陷型骨折椎体终板和邻近椎体终板的最大von Mises应力值均有一定程度的减小;楔形型邻近椎体T10下终板和塌陷型邻近椎体L1上终板的术后最大von Mises应力值增加;③个体化精准穿刺椎体强化术后,3种有限元模型的相邻椎间盘整体最大von Mises应力值均减小;④结果表明,个体化精准穿刺椎体强化治疗可在一定程度上减轻楔形型、双凹型和塌陷型椎体终板的最大von Mises应力值,降低术后椎体再骨折的风险;此外,还可减轻椎间盘的最大von Mises应力值,理论上也能够在一定程度上缓解椎间盘退变。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨质疏松, 胸腰段椎体压缩骨折, 椎体强化, 终板, 椎间盘, 个体化穿刺, 生物力学, 有限元分析, 骨科植入物

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The individualized precise puncture approach is a new approach proposed for vertebral body augmentation in recent years, and has achieved good clinical results, but there is still a lack of relevant biomechanical research.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical effects of individualized precise puncture vertebral augmentation on the vertebral endplate and intervertebral disc of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture using finite element analysis method. 
METHODS: A total of six preoperative and postoperative models of wedge type, biconcave type, and collapse type were established using the preoperative and postoperative CT imaging data of three osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture patients who had completed individualized precise puncture vertebral augmentation. 500 N moment and 10 N/m rotation moment were loaded in the vertical direction of the vertebral body to simulate the normal physiological activities of the vertebral body, including forward flexion, back extension, left bending, right bending, left rotation, and right rotation, to observe the stress changes of endplates, adjacent endplates, and intervertebral discs of different types of fractured vertebral bodies after individualized precise puncture vertebral augmentation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Three-dimensional finite element models of preoperative and postoperative spinal functional units were successfully established. (2) After individualized precise puncture vertebral augmentation, the maximum von Mises stress values of wedge-shaped, biconcave, and collapsed fractured vertebral endplates and adjacent vertebral endplates were reduced to a certain extent. The postoperative maximum von Mises stress value increased in the T10 inferior endplate of the superior vertebral body with wedge deformity and the L1 superior endplate of the inferior vertebral body with collapsed deformity. (3) After individualized precise puncture vertebral augmentation, the overall maximum von Mises stress value of adjacent intervertebral discs in the three finite element models decreased. (4) The results show that individualized precise puncture vertebral augmentation can reduce the maximum von Mises stress value of the endplate of wedge-shaped deformity, biconcave deformity and collapsed vertebral body to a certain extent, and diminish the risk of postoperative vertebral body re-fracture. In addition, individualized precise puncture vertebral augmentation decreases the maximum von Mises stress value of the intervertebral disc, which can theoretically alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration to a certain extent.  

Key words: osteoporosis, thoracolumbar vertebral compression fracture, vertebral augmentation, endplate, intervertebral disc, individualized puncture, biomechanics, finite element analysis, orthopedic implants

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