中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (27): 5765-5772.doi: 10.12307/2025.830

• 骨与关节生物力学Bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

新型全皮质骨螺纹螺钉在腰椎改良皮质骨轨迹螺钉技术中的生物力学性能

木再帕尔·买吐送1,肖  扬2,古丽米热·阿迪力3,支格尔·勒哈勒别克1,艾孜海尔·艾斯卡尔1,王轶希2,陈锐麟1,帕尔哈提·热西提2,4,5   

  1. 1新疆医科大学第一临床医学院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830000;2新疆医科大学第一附属医院脊柱微创及精准骨科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830000;3新疆医科大学第四临床医学院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830000;4教育部新疆(新疆医科大学)高发病率疾病研究重点实验室,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830000;5新疆骨科临床研究中心,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830000
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-07 接受日期:2024-07-10 出版日期:2025-09-28 发布日期:2025-03-04
  • 通讯作者: 帕尔哈提·热西提,主任医师,教授,博士生、硕士生导师,新疆医科大学第一附属医院脊柱微创及精准骨科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830000;教育部新疆(新疆医科大学)高发病率疾病研究重点实验室,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830000;新疆骨科临床研究中心,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830000
  • 作者简介:木再帕尔·买吐送,男,维吾尔自治区和田市人,新疆医科大学在读本科,主要从事生物力学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区杰出青年科学基金项目(2021D01E29),项目负责人:帕尔哈提·热西提;新疆医科大学大学生创新训练计划项目(202210760027),项目负责人:木再帕尔·买吐送

Biomechanical performance of novel fully cortical bone threaded screws in modified cortical bone trajectory screw technique for lumbar vertebrae

Muzaipaer · Maitusong1, Xiao Yang2, Gulimire · Adili3, Zhigeer · Lehalebieke1, Aizihaier · Aisikaer1, Wang Yixi2, Chen Ruilin1, #br# Paerhati · Rexiti2, 4, 5   

  1. 1First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2Department of Minimally Invasive and Precision Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 3Fourth Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 4Key Laboratory of High Incidence Diseases Research in Xinjiang (Xinjiang Medical University), Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 5Xinjiang Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2024-04-07 Accepted:2024-07-10 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-03-04
  • Contact: Paerhati · Rexiti, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral and Master’s supervisor, Department of Minimally Invasive and Precision Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; Key Laboratory of High Incidence Diseases Research in Xinjiang (Xinjiang Medical University), Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; Xinjiang Orthopedic Clinical Research Center, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Muzaipaer · Maitusong, First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 2021D01E29 (to PR); Undergraduate Innovation Training Program Project of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 202210760027 (to MM)

摘要:

文题释义

骨密度:是通过X射线或其他方式对人体骨骼的矿物质含量、密度等进行分析所得出的表示骨骼强度的重要指标,还是用来预测患者发生骨折风险的重要依据。当骨密度指标异常时,通常预示着患者有骨骼疾病。
邻椎病:是发生于椎体邻近节段的一种退行性病变,也叫邻近节段病变,包括了邻近节段椎间盘的退变、关节突关节的退变、椎体不稳滑脱等病变,当出现腰痛、肌力减弱、下肢放射痛等相应症状时就叫邻椎病。

摘要
背景:骨质疏松骨小梁结构不足以维持螺钉把持力,常导致脊柱内固定失败,现今主要通过以下4个方面进行解决:①螺钉自身材质;②表面涂层的处理;③钉道固化策略;④螺钉形状。改良皮质骨轨迹置钉技术的钉道已被证实有良好的固定效果,但目前急需研发与之配套的螺钉。
目的:通过有限元分析法比较不同脊柱皮质骨螺纹螺钉在腰椎改良皮质骨轨迹置钉中的生物力学性能差异。
方法:根据3具成人湿性腰椎标本(2男1女)的CT数据构建L4椎体模型,并进行有限元分析。在改良皮质骨轨迹置钉技术中使用全皮质骨螺纹螺钉(单螺纹螺钉),螺钉全长45 mm,直径为5.5 mm和4.5 mm,分别作为A、B组;与传统椎弓根螺钉技术组(C组,直径6.0 mm、长度
45 mm,双螺纹螺钉)和皮质骨轨迹置钉技术螺钉组(D组,直径4.5 mm、长度45 mm,双螺纹螺钉)进行对比。通过测定轴向抗拔出力、螺钉稳定性(上、下、左、右载荷位移比)、螺钉抗旋出扭矩比较各组螺钉的固定强度。
结果与结论:①轴向抗拔出力:A组 > B组(P=0.003),且A、B组均 > C组(P < 0.001,P=0.003)和D组(均P < 0.001);②螺钉稳定性:在螺钉上、下两个方向施加载荷时,4种螺钉载荷位移比值为A组 > B组(P > 0.05),且A、B组 > C组(均P < 0.001)和D组(均P < 0.001);③螺钉抗旋出扭矩:A组 > B组(P=0.008),且A、B组均 > C组(P=0.008,P=0.131);④提示在腰椎改良皮质骨轨迹置钉过程中,新型脊柱全皮质骨螺纹螺钉的力学性能与双螺纹螺钉在临床经典的椎弓根置钉轨迹及皮质骨轨迹中应用相比,具有更好的生物力学性能;且新型脊柱全皮质骨螺纹螺钉(D=5.5 mm、L=45 mm)可作为改良皮质骨轨迹置钉技术钉道最佳的适配。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 全皮质骨螺纹螺钉, 改良皮质骨轨迹, 腰椎, 轴向抗拔出力, 螺钉稳定性, 螺钉抗旋出扭矩, 有限元分析, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoporotic trabecular structures are insufficient to maintain screw holding force, often leading to spinal fixation failure. Currently, the following four aspects are mainly used to solve this problem: (1) screw material; (2) surface coating treatment; (3) screw channel solidification strategy; (4) screw shape. The screw channel of the modified cortical bone trajectory screw placement technique has been proven to have a good fixation effect, but there is an urgent need to develop matching screws. 
OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanical performance differences of various types of spinal cortical bone thread screws in the modified cortical bone trajectory fixation of lumbar vertebrae using the finite element method.
METHODS: The L4 vertebral models were constructed based on the CT data of three adult wet lumbar specimens (two males and one female) and subjected to finite element analysis. In the modified cortical bone trajectory fixation technique, fully cortical bone thread screws (single thread screws) with lengths of 45 mm and diameters of 5.5 mm and 4.5 mm were used and considered as groups A and B, which were compared with those of the traditional pedicle screw technique group (group C, 6.0 mm diameter, 45 mm length, double-threaded screw) and the cortical bone trajectory screw group (group D, 4.5 mm diameter, 45 mm length, double-threaded screw). Axial pull-out force, screw stability (determined by the displacement ratio of upper, lower, left, and right loads), and anti-spin-out torque were measured to compare fixation strength of each group of screws.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Axial pull-out force: Group A > group B (P=0.003), and both group A and group B were greater than the group C (P < 0.001, P=0.003) and group D (all P < 0.001). (2) Screw stability: When load was applied in the upward and downward directions on the screw, the load displacement ratio of the four screw double threads was greater in group A than in group B (P > 0.05); both group A and group B were greater than the group C (all P < 0.001) and the group D (all P < 0.001). (3) Anti-spin-out torque: Group A > group B (P=0.008), and both group A and group B were greater than the group C (P=0.008, P=0.131). (4) It is indicated that during modified cortical bone trajectory fixation of lumbar vertebrae, the novel spinal cortical bone thread screw demonstrates superior biomechanical performance compared to double thread screws applied in the clinically classic pedicle screw trajectory and cortical bone trajectory. Additionally, the novel spinal cortical bone thread screw (D=5.5 mm, L=45 mm) becomes the optimal adaptation for the modified cortical bone trajectory screw path.

Key words: fully cortical bone screw, modified cortical bone trajectory, lumbar vertebrae, axial pull-out force, screw stability, anti-spin-out torque, finite element analysis, biomechanics 

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