中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (22): 4784-4794.doi: 10.12307/2025.458

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

可降解药物洗脱消化道支架的研究进展与前景

李  楠1,范慧娟1,刘涛涛2,夏时海2   

  1. 1天津中医药大学,天津市   301617;2中国人民武装警察部队特色医学中心消化内科,天津市肝脏胰腺纤维化与分子诊疗重点实验室,天津市   300162
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-30 接受日期:2024-07-15 出版日期:2025-08-08 发布日期:2024-12-06
  • 通讯作者: 夏时海,博士,主任医师,硕士生导师,中国人民武装警察部队特色医学中心消化内科,天津市肝脏胰腺纤维化与分子诊疗重点实验室,天津市 300162 刘涛涛,硕士,研究实习员,中国人民武装警察部队特色医学中心消化内科,天津市肝脏胰腺纤维化与分子诊疗重点实验室,天津市 300162
  • 作者简介:李楠,女,2000 年生,山东省青岛市人,汉族,天津中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事消化系统疾病及消化道支架等研究。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市应用基础研究项目 (22JCQNJC00870),项目负责人:刘涛涛;天津市卫生健康科技项目 (TJWJ2023QN100),项目负责人:刘涛涛 

Advances and prospects of degradable drug-eluting gastrointestinal stents

Li Nan1, Fan Huijuan1, Liu Taotao2, Xia Shihai2   

  1. 1Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; 2Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fiberosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin 300162, China
  • Received:2024-04-30 Accepted:2024-07-15 Online:2025-08-08 Published:2024-12-06
  • Contact: Xia Shihai, PhD, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fiberosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin 300162, China Liu Taotao, Master, Research assistant, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fiberosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin 300162, China
  • About author:Li Nan, Master candidate, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Supported by:
    Tianjin Applied Basic Research Project, No. 22JCQNJC00870 (to LTT); Tianjin Health Technology Project, No. TJWJ2023QN100 (to LTT)

摘要:


文题释义:

生物可降解:指由生命系统介导的材料分解。生物可降解聚合物及生物可降解金属在体内微生物和酶的作用下分解成较小的化合物,在生长过程中不断从体内排出,最终形成无害的物质。
药物洗脱支架:根据不同的治疗目的通过支架携带特定的药物(通常为抗再狭窄类药物或功能性药物),到达治疗部位后以有计划的、可预测的方式从支架上局部洗脱释放,使支架起到支撑作用的同时达到有效抑制支架内膜增生、支架内再狭窄以及抗炎、抗肿瘤等效果。


背景:目前消化道支架的临床应用较为普遍,常规的自膨胀金属及塑料支架存在易移位、取出困难、术后再狭窄等问题,可降解药物洗脱消化道支架凭借生物可降解、术后再狭窄率低等优点成为消化道支架研究的热点。

目的:总结可降解药物洗脱消化道支架的研究进展,对可降解药物洗脱消化道支架的前景作出展望。
方法:检索中国知网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science数据库中1994年1月至2024年3月发表的相关文献,中文检索词为“可降解,药物洗脱支架,食管支架,胆道支架,胰管支架,肠道支架,消化道支架”,英文检索词为“biodegradable,drug-eluting stent,esophageal stent,biliary stent,pancreatic duct stent,intestinal stent,gastrointestinal stent”,最终纳入64篇文献进行综述分析。

结果与结论:①可降解药物洗脱消化道支架以生物可降解材料为主体,搭载并局部洗脱不同治疗目的的药物,发挥物理支撑及药物治疗双重作用。通过调整支架材料性质、改进制造工艺及辅助手段可以加快或减缓支架降解速度,满足临床需求。药物洗脱技术以药物涂层、纳米颗粒、聚合物载药膜等为载药平台,使药物精准释放,提高病变部位局部药物浓度,减少药物损耗及毒性药物的全身吸收量。②可降解药物洗脱消化道支架主要为一种或多种功能性药物结合可生物降解聚合物、金属或纳米纤维材料。可用的功能性药物分为抗炎抗增生类、抗肿瘤类、溶石类、酶抑制剂类。③维持支架机械性能稳定和精准控释药物是可降解药物洗脱消化道支架现阶段需要解决的问题,开发新型可降解消化道支架,研究新型载药及释药方式、制造工艺和辅助手段是未来研究方向。

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7994-4625 (李楠) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 可降解, 药物洗脱支架, 食管支架, 胆道支架, 胰管支架, 肠道支架, 消化道支架

Abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, the clinical application of gastrointestinal stents is relatively common. Conventional self-expanding metal and plastic stents have the problems of easy displacement, difficulty to remove, and postoperative restenosis. With the advantages of biodegradability and low postoperative restenosis rate, biodegradable drug-eluting stents have become the hot spot in the research of gastrointestinal stents.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of biodegradable drug-eluting gastrointestinal stents and to provide a forecast of biodegradable drug-eluting gastrointestinal stents.
METHODS: Relevant articles were retrieved on CNKI, WanFang, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from January 1994 to March 2024. The Chinese and English search terms were “biodegradable, drug-eluting stent, esophageal stent, biliary stent, pancreatic duct stent, intestinal stent, gastrointestinal stent.” Finally, 64 articles were included for review and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Biodegradable drug-eluting gastrointestinal stent is a medical device that uses biodegradable material as the main body of the stent, carries and locally elutes drugs for different therapeutic purposes, and plays the dual roles of physical support and drug therapy. By adjusting the properties of stent materials, improving manufacturing processes and auxiliary means, the degradation rate of stents can be accelerated or slowed down to meet clinical needs. Drug elution technology uses drug coatings, nanoparticles, and polymer drug-loaded films, as drug-loading platforms to accurately release drugs, increase local drug concentrations in lesions, and reduce drug loss and systemic absorption of toxic drugs. (2) The main structure of biodegradable drug-eluting gastrointestinal stent is one or more functional drugs combined with biodegradable polymers, metals or nanofiber materials. The available functional drugs are divided into anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative, antitumor, lithotripsy, and enzyme inhibitors. (3) Maintaining the stability of the mechanical properties of gastrointestinal stent and precise controlled drug release are the problems that need to be solved at this stage of biodegradable drug-eluting gastrointestinal stent. The development of new biodegradable materials and the continuous innovation of drug-carrying and drug-releasing methods, manufacturing processes and auxiliary means are the future research directions.

Key words: biodegradable, drug-eluting stent, esophageal stent, biliary stent, pancreatic duct stent, intestinal stent, gastrointestinal stent

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