中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (29): 4620-4627.doi: 10.12307/2023.656

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

人工智能与二维数字模板辅助规划全髋置换预测假体型号的对比分析

张  杭1,贺  强1,刘  青2,何云利1,王  弢1,冯  哲1,张  乾1,何  森1   

  1. 天津市北辰医院,1骨关节科,2放射科,天津市   300400
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-21 接受日期:2022-09-09 出版日期:2023-10-18 发布日期:2022-12-02
  • 通讯作者: 何森,硕士,副主任医师,天津市北辰医院骨关节科,天津市 300400
  • 作者简介:张杭,男,1986年生,河南省南阳市人,汉族,2013年天津医科大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事关节外科方向研究。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市北辰区卫健系统科技项目(SHGY-2021012),项目负责人:张杭

Comparative analysis of artificial intelligence and two-dimensional digital template preoperative planning-assisted total hip arthroplasty to predict prosthesis size

Zhang Hang1, He Qiang1, Liu Qing2, He Yunli1, Wang Tao1, Feng Zhe1, Zhang Qian1, He Sen1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 2Department of Radiology, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300400, China
  • Received:2022-07-21 Accepted:2022-09-09 Online:2023-10-18 Published:2022-12-02
  • Contact: He Sen, Master, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300400, China
  • About author:Zhang Hang, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin Beichen Hospital, Tianjin 300400, China
  • Supported by:
    Tianjin Beichen District Health System Technology Project, No. SHGY-2021012 (to ZH)

摘要:


文题释义:

髋关节旋转中心:正常髋关节为球窝关节,股骨头在髋臼中围绕某一空间点做旋转运动,该点被称为髋关节旋转中心。测量方法包括Ranawat三角法、Mose同心圆法及两弦法等。
Ranawat三角法:在X射线片上测量骨盆的高和宽,再利用Shenton’线、髂坐线、髂棘上缘和坐骨结节下缘的连线确定一个三角形,即为Ranawat线,而三角形的斜边中点即为髋关节旋转中心。适用于由于髋臼周围骨性结构的改变、髋臼形态及周围解剖标志缺失、髋关节发育不良的患者。

背景:针对AI HIP规划系统预测假体型号的准确性目前缺乏广泛多中心的临床研究,与二维模板规划相比是否更加精准、是否在恢复髋臼及股骨偏心距和旋转中心具有优势,目前并没有相关的研究报道。
目的:探讨人工智能术前规划系统预测全髋关节置换假体型号的准确性及其影响因素,并分析其恢复偏心距和旋转中心的价值。
方法:按照随机数字表法将70例患者分为2组各35例,分别采用AI HIP(研究组)和Smart Joint二维数字模板(对照组)进行术前规划。比较2种方法预测假体型号的准确性,分析影响AI HIP预测准确性的潜在因素,包括年龄、性别、体质量指数、国际骨循环学会(ARCO)分期和股骨髓腔分型(Dorr分型)等。测量术前及术后髋臼偏心距、股骨偏心距、旋转中心水平及垂直位移差值以及双下肢长度差值等指标。
结果与结论:①研究组髋臼侧、股骨侧的假体型号预测完全符合率为57.1%(20/35),42.9%(15/35),对照组为31.4%(11/35),34.3%(12/35); 研究组髋臼侧、股骨侧假体符合率为94.3%(33/35),82.9% (29/35),而对照组为74.3%(26/35),62.9%(22/35);两组间差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。②Logistic回归分析显示性别、体质量指数以及股骨髓腔分型对股骨柄的准确性没有影响。与对照组相比,AI HIP在Dorr A型股骨髓腔形态中规划更具优势,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P=0.012)。对照组术后股骨偏心距和总偏心距均大于研究组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。③在水平方向上研究组旋转中心平均位移为1.8(-0.7,4.1) mm,对照组为2.3(-0.5,5.0) mm;在垂直方向上,研究组平均位移为0.8(-1.5,2.7) mm,对照组为-1.5(-3.6,2.5) mm,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。两组术后双下肢长度差值比较显示研究组3.05(2.01,3.89) mm与对照组3.63(2.60,5.30) mm之间差异无显著性意义(Z=-1.736,P=0.083)。④结果表明,人工智能术前规划系统比数字化二维模板预测髋臼和股骨柄假体型号具有更高的准确性,在Dorr A型股骨髓腔形态中规划更具优势。使用人工智能深度学习技术有助于更可靠地预测下肢肢体长度和偏心距,恢复髋关节旋转中心。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-7505 (张杭) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 全髋关节置换术, 人工智能, 二维规划, 术前规划, 模板测量

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is currently a lack of extensive multi-center clinical research on the accuracy of the artificial intelligence (AI) HIP planning system for predicting the prosthesis size. Compared with the two-dimensional template planning, it remains poorly understood whether it is more accurate and whether it has advantages in restoring the acetabular and femoral eccentricity and rotation center. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the accuracy of AI HIP preoperative planning system in predicting the size of total hip arthroplasty prosthesis and its influencing factors, and to analyze its value in restoring eccentricity and rotation center. 
METHODS: According to the random number table method, 70 cases were divided into two groups (n=35). AIHIP (study group) and Smart Joint two-dimensional digital template (control group) were used for preoperative planning. The accuracy of predicting the prosthesis size between the two groups was compared, and the potential factors affecting the accuracy of AI HIP prediction were analyzed, including age, gender, body mass index, International Society of Osseous Circulation (ARCO) staging and femoral medullary cavity classification (Dorr classification). The acetabular eccentricity, femoral eccentricity, horizontal and vertical displacement difference of the center of rotation, and the length difference of both lower extremities were measured before and after operation.   
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The prediction of the prosthesis size on the acetabular side and femoral side was 57.1% (20/35) and 42.9% (15/35) in the study group, and 31.4% (11/35) and 34.3% (12/35) in the control group. The prosthesis compliance rates of the study group on acetabular side and femoral side were 94.3% (33/35) and 82.9% (29/35), while those of the control group were 74.3% (26/35) and 62.9% (22/35); the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (2) Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, body mass index and femoral canal classification had no effect on the accuracy of the femoral stem. Compared with the control group, AI HIP had more advantages in planning the Dorr A femoral medullary cavity, and the comparison between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.012). The postoperative femoral eccentricity and total eccentricity in the control group were greater than those in the study group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). (3) In the horizontal direction, the average displacement of the center of rotation was 1.8 (-0.7, 4.1) mm in the study group, and 2.3 (-0.5, 5.0) mm in the control group; in the vertical direction, the average displacement in the study group was 0.8 (-1.5, 2.7) mm and -1.5 (-3.6, 2.5) mm in the control group, with no statistical significance (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the length of both lower limbs between the two groups after operation, which was 3.05 (2.01, 3.89) mm in the study group and 3.63 (2.60, 5.30) mm in the control group (Z=-1.736, P=0.083). (4) These results confirm that the AI HIP preoperative planning system has higher accuracy than the digital two-dimensional template in predicting the size of the acetabular and femoral stem prostheses, and has more advantages in planning the shape of the Dorr A femoral medullary canal. Using artificial intelligence deep learning technology helps to more reliably predict the length and eccentricity of the lower limbs and restore the center of rotation of the hip joint.

Key words: total hip arthroplasty, artificial intelligence, two-dimensional planning, preoperative planning, template measurement

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