中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (11): 1692-1698.doi: 10.12307/2022.353

• 软骨组织构建 cartilage tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

骨关节炎早期模型小鼠软骨下骨的形态学特征

李婧瑜1,苏盈盈1,白  丁2   

  1. 1首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院口腔科,北京市   100070;2口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川大学华西口腔医院正畸科,四川省成都市   610041
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-23 修回日期:2021-05-06 接受日期:2021-06-10 出版日期:2022-04-18 发布日期:2021-12-11
  • 通讯作者: 白丁,博士,主任医师,口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室,国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,四川大学华西口腔医院正畸科,四川省成都市 610041
  • 作者简介:李婧瑜,女,1987年生,陕西省西安市人,汉族,2016年四川大学毕业,博士,医师,主要从事骨关节炎软骨下骨硬化的机制和作用方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81870804),课题名称:应力微环境下YAP-Sox2转录轴调控髁突软骨细胞成骨转化的机制,项目负责人:白丁

Morphological characteristics of subchondral bone in a mouse model of early osteoarthritis

Li Jingyu1, Su Yingying1, Bai Ding2   

  1. 1Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, National Oral Disease Clinical Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2021-04-23 Revised:2021-05-06 Accepted:2021-06-10 Online:2022-04-18 Published:2021-12-11
  • Contact: Bai Ding, MD, Chief physician, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, National Oral Disease Clinical Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Li Jingyu, MD, Physician, Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81870804 (to BD)

摘要:

文题释义:
骨关节炎早期:早期出现的病理改变可早于临床症状,其主要病理特征分别体现在关节软骨和软骨下骨这两种结构之中。在关节软骨中,首要表现为软骨基质的水肿,以及继而出现的关节软骨表面微裂隙和软骨基质的丧失。在软骨下骨中,主要病理改变为软骨下骨皮质骨改建增加,软骨下骨多孔性的增加和软骨下骨皮质的逐渐增厚。随着病变进展,钙化软骨或软骨下骨可能出现不同程度的暴露。
软骨下骨:是骨关节中一层有序的解剖结构,具有独特的结构、生物学及力学特性。它紧密地衬垫于钙化软骨下方,是一层与其他骨骼上的骨皮质结构类似的硬骨板,称为软骨下硬骨板。这层软骨下硬骨板中的骨质最终合并入其下方的软骨下骨松质,后者更为疏松多孔且新陈代谢更活跃。两者共同构成的软骨下骨,在关节的活动中起到承担力学负荷的作用。

背景:骨关节炎是一种以关节软骨降解和软骨下骨硬化为主要病理改变的退行性关节疾病,骨细胞在软骨下骨硬化中的作用和机制尚不明确。
目的:探讨负荷加重导致的小鼠膝骨关节炎软骨下骨的病理特点、骨矿化指标以及骨细胞形态学和骨硬化蛋白分泌水平的改变。
方法:选取10周龄的C57BL/6雄性小鼠共20只,随机分为骨关节炎组与对照组,每组各10只。骨关节炎组全麻下行前交叉韧带横切术建立膝骨关节炎模型,对照组行假手术。术后4周处死小鼠并收取膝关节样本,分别进行苏木精-伊红染色、甲苯胺蓝染色及国际骨关节炎研究学会评分;Micro-CT评价软骨下骨松质和软骨下硬骨板的骨矿化密度及相对骨体积分数值;扫描电镜观察骨细胞及软骨下骨板的形态学改变;免疫组化染色检测SOST/sclerostin的表达变化。
结果与结论:①苏木精-伊红染色、甲苯胺蓝染色显示前交叉韧带横切术后4周,小鼠膝关节软骨及软骨下骨均出现明显骨关节炎表型,国际骨关节炎研究学会评分增高(P < 0.05);②Micro-CT结果显示,前交叉韧带横切术后4周,膝骨关节的软骨下骨松质和软骨下硬骨板区域骨矿化密度值减少(P < 0.05),而相对骨体积分数值增高(P < 0.05),提示骨关节炎软骨下骨硬化是由骨矿化密度的下降和骨体积分数增高形成的;③扫描电镜结果显示,骨关节炎组小鼠膝关节软骨下骨板中的骨细胞失去正常的形态和排列方式,软骨下骨板矿化沉积形态不规则;④免疫组化染色显示,骨关节炎组小鼠膝关节中SOST/sclerostin免疫组化染色阳性细胞数明显较少,提示骨细胞形态的改变可能和骨硬化蛋白分泌水平改变有关;⑤结果表明,骨关节炎早期软骨下骨硬化主要体现为骨矿化密度值减少、相对骨体积分数值增高以及软骨下骨微观形态的不规则改变;前交叉韧带横切诱导下,在骨关节炎早期骨细胞即出现明显形态和排列的改变,分泌骨硬化蛋白的量亦受到影响。
缩略语:国际骨关节炎研究学会:Osteoarthritis Research Society International,OARSI;相对骨体积分数:bone volume/trabecular volume,BV/TV

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 膝骨关节炎, 软骨下骨, 骨细胞, SOST/sclerostin, 扫描电镜, Micro-CT, 骨改建

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease, and the main pathological features are cartilage degradation and subchondral bone sclerosis. The function and mechanism of osteocytes in subchondral bone sclerosis remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathological characteristics, changes in bone mineralization, morphological changes of osteocytes and expression changes of sclerostin in mice with overloading induced knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS: Twenty 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into osteoarthritis group and control group (n=10 per group). Anterior cruciate ligament transection was conducted to establish osteoarthritis models in the osteoarthritis group, and sham operation was carried out in the control group. Four weeks after operations, mice in each group were sacrificed. Knee samples collected were used for hematoxylin-eosin staining, toluidine blue staining and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring. Micro-CT was used to evaluate bone mineralization density and bone volume/trabecular volume of subchondral cancellous bone and subchondral lamina dura. Morphological changes of osteocytes and subchondral bone were observed using scanning electron microscope. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect SOST/sclerostin expression.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining and toluidine blue staining results showed that significant osteoarthritis phenotype was found in both articular cartilage and subchondral bone in the osteoarthritis group 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection, accompanied with increased OARSI scores (P < 0.05). Micro-CT scan results showed decreased bone mineralization density and increased bone volume/trabecular volume of subchondral cancellous bone and subchondral lamina dura 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection (P < 0.05), indicating that subchondral bone sclerosis consists of decreasing of bone mineralization density tissue and increasing of bone volume/trabecular volume. Under the scanning electron microscope, in the osteoarthritis group, normal morphology and arrangement of osteocytes were disturbed in the subchondral bone, while the morphology of mineralization of the subchondral bone was also distorted. Immunohistochemistry staining results showed that, compared with the control group, the number of sclerostin positive cells was significantly decreased in the osteoarthritis group, indicating the morphological changes of osteocytes may be related to changes in SOST/sclerostin expression. In conclusion, subchondral bone sclerosis in early osteoarthritis is mainly manifested as a decrease in bone mineralization density, an increase in bone volume/trabecular volume, and irregular changes in the microscopic morphology of the subchondral bone. After anterior cruciate ligament transection, significant changes in the morphological and arrangement of osteocytes are found in early osteoarthritis, and the secretion of sclerostin is also significantly changed. 

Key words: knee osteoarthritis, subchondral bone, osteocyte, SOST/sclerostin, scanning electron microscope, Micro-CT, bone remodeling

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