中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (6): 848-852.doi: 10.12307/2022.164

• 数字化骨科Digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

全膝关节置换过程中股骨假体旋转对髌股关节接触压影响的有限元分析

黄  浩,洪  嵩,瓦庆德   

  1. 遵义医科大学附属医院,贵州省遵义市   563000
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-06 修回日期:2021-05-11 接受日期:2021-05-15 出版日期:2022-02-28 发布日期:2021-12-07
  • 通讯作者: 洪嵩,主任医师,遵义医科大学附属医院,贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:黄浩,男,1995年生,四川省宜宾市人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨关节方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81660362),项目负责人:瓦庆德

Finite element analysis of the effect of femoral component rotation on patellofemoral joint contact pressure in total knee arthroplasty

Huang Hao, Hong Song, Wa Qingde   

  1. Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2021-05-06 Revised:2021-05-11 Accepted:2021-05-15 Online:2022-02-28 Published:2021-12-07
  • Contact: Hong Song, Chief physician, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Huang Hao, Master candidate, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81660362 (to WQD)

摘要:

文题释义:
峰值接触压:是指局部接触区域内接触压的最高值,峰值接触压的长期增高会导致假体磨损及膝前疼痛的发生。相比平均接触压,峰值接触压更能反映在屈膝过程中髌股关节接触压的变化。
有限元分析:是一种数值计算技术,在应用有限元法求解任意连续体时,需要把连续的求解区域划分成有限数量的单元,每个单元上包含有限数目的节点,通过设置一个函数近似地表示应力、位移等分布规律,并利用弹塑性理论中的变分原理或其他方法,建立单元节点的力学特性关系,通过矩阵方程运算求出应力等结果。

背景:髌股关节并发症是全膝关节置换后的常见并发症,置换中股骨假体旋转不良会影响髌股关节的一致性,引起髌股关节接触力及运动学的改变。
目的:通过有限元分析方法,研究全膝关节置换中当股骨假体在不同旋转角度放置时屈膝过程中的髌股关节接触压变化。
方法:根据志愿者右膝关节的CT、MRI数据,建立自然膝关节的三维模型。模拟全膝关节置换过程,股骨假体参照股骨外科上髁轴线(股骨内侧髁沟与股骨外侧髁最凸起点之间的连线)以3°为增量,从内旋6°至外旋9°安装(外旋3°、6°、9°,旋转0°,内旋3°、6°),而胫骨假体参考Akagi线(髌腱内侧缘与后交叉韧带止点中央的连线)旋转0°固定放置,建立全膝关节置换膝关节三维模型。将膝关节的三维模型进行网格划分,得到膝关节的有限元模型,并通过计算提取,获得各膝关节模型在屈膝过程中的髌股关节接触压。
结果与结论:①所有模型的髌股关节接触压均随着膝关节屈曲加深而增高。股骨假体外旋3°组的髌股关节接触压均低于旋转0°组,当外旋大于3°时,随着假体外旋度数增加,髌股关节接触压增大。股骨假体内旋3°组和内旋6°组在屈膝过程中的髌股关节接触压明显高于其他组,且内旋6°组的接触压最高。②结果表明在全膝关节置换术中,当以上髁轴为股骨假体旋转的参考轴线时,外旋3°有可能减少髌股关节接触压,而过度的外旋股骨假体则可能导致髌股关节接触压的增大;置换中应避免股骨假体内旋,大于3°的内旋不良可能会导致髌股关节接触压明显增大,增加置换后膝前疼痛以及假体磨损的风险。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-2954 (黄浩) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 膝关节, 髌股关节, 全膝关节置换, 有限元, 股骨假体, 旋转对线, 接触压, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patellofemoral joint complications are common after total knee arthroplasty. Rotational malalignment of the femoral component will affect the consistency of the patellofemoral joint, thus causing the changes of contact pressure and kinematics of the patellofemoral joint.  
OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of patellofemoral joint contact pressure during knee flexion when femoral component was placed at different rotation angles by means of finite element analysis.
METHODS:  The three-dimensional models of the knee joint were developed according to the CT and MRI scanning data of right knee of the volunteer. The femoral component was placed from 6° internal rotation to 9° external rotation (external rotation 3°, 6°, 9°, rotation 0°, internal rotation 3°, 6°) relative to the surgical transepicondylar axis (the line between the medial femoral condyle groove and the most prominent point of the lateral femoral condyle) in 3° increments, while tibial component was 0° rotated relative to the Akagi (the line between the medial edge of the patellar tendon and the center of the posterior cruciate ligament) during the total knee arthroplasty. The finite element models of the knee were established by meshing the three-dimensional models. The patellofemoral joint contact pressure of each knee joint model was obtained during the flexion.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The patellofemoral joint contact pressure increased in all groups during the knee flexion. The contact pressure in the group of 3° external rotation femoral component was lower than that of 0° rotation group. The contact pressure of patellofemoral joint increased with the increase of external rotation degree of component when the degree of femoral component external rotation was greater than 3°. The contact pressures in the group of 3° internal rotation of femoral component and the group of 6° internal rotation were significantly higher than those of the other groups, and the highest was in the 6° internal group. (2) Results showed that during the total knee arthroplasty, 3° external rotation of femoral component relative to surgical transepicondylar axis may reduce the patellofemoral joint contact pressure, while excessive external rotation femoral component may lead to the increase of patellofemoral joint contact pressure. The internal rotation of femoral component should be avoided during the total knee arthroplasty. The imbalance of greater than 3° internal rotation may lead to the increase of patellofemoral joint contact pressure and increase the risk of prosthesis wear and knee pain.

Key words: knee, patellofemoral joint, total knee arthroplasty, finite element, femoral component, rotational alignment, contact pressure, biomechanics

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