中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (15): 2303-2308.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3814

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

膝外翻儿童步态的时空、运动学、动力学参数特征

李  阳,姜淑云,李一瀛,俞  艳,鲁潇莹,王丹辞   

  1. 上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院步态与运动分析中心,上海市   200437
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-28 修回日期:2020-07-02 接受日期:2020-07-31 出版日期:2021-05-28 发布日期:2021-01-04
  • 通讯作者: 姜淑云,博士,主任医师,上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院步态与运动分析中心,上海市 200437
  • 作者简介:李阳,女,1992年生,山东省威海市人,2018年上海中医药大学毕业,硕士,研究实习员,主要从事人体生物力学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    上海市进一步加快中医药事业发展三年行动计划项目[ZY(2018-2020)-CCCX-2004-06],项目负责人:姜淑云;上海市卫生健康委员会卫生行业临床研究专项(20194Y0024),项目负责人:李阳

Spatiotemporal, kinematic and kinetic characteristics of gait in children with genu valgus

Li Yang, Jiang Shuyun, Li Yiying, Yu Yan, Lu Xiaoying, Wang Danci    

  1. Gait and Motion Analysis Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China 
  • Received:2020-06-28 Revised:2020-07-02 Accepted:2020-07-31 Online:2021-05-28 Published:2021-01-04
  • Contact: Jiang Shuyun, MD, Chief physician, Gait and Motion Analysis Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
  • About author:Li Yang, Master, Gait and Motion Analysis Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
  • Supported by:
    Three-Year Action Plan of Shanghai to Further Accelerate the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. ZY(2018-2020)-CCCX-2004-06 (to JSY); Shanghai Municipal Health Commission’s Special Clinical Research Projects in the Health Industry, No. 20194Y0024 (to LY) 

摘要:

文题释义:
儿童膝外翻:儿童膝外翻分为生理性膝外翻和病理性膝外翻。正常儿童在3岁左右开始出现生理性膝外翻,此时常态踝距的平均值可达到3.5 cm;大部分正常生理性膝外翻儿童的常态踝距会在7岁后缩小至2 cm以内。当儿童的常态踝距超出相应年龄段的正常范围时应引起重视,及早评估及早干预。
三维步态分析:是根据生物力学原理,应用计算机辅助及红外摄像技术,在人体步行过程中监测、记录特定时相的关节运动、肌肉活动、对地面的作用力、关节力矩和做功等指标的一种评估技术,能够客观、量化地反映人体步态特征。

背景:膝外翻作为一种主要的儿童下肢畸形,在生长发育的早期就可能出现异常表现。但目前研究主要集中于手术治疗方面,对生长发育阶段膝外翻儿童的步态研究较为缺失。
目的:通过对膝外翻儿童步态特征的系统分析,为儿童膝外翻的早期评估及早期治疗提供科学依据。
方法:选择膝外翻受试者及健康志愿者各50例,根据膝外翻的发生规律将受试者分为3-6岁及7-12岁年龄段,采用三维步态分析系统采集每位受试者的关节运动学、动力学及时空参数。将膝外翻儿童的步态参数与健康儿童进行比较分析,总结其步态特征。
结果与结论:①时空参数方面,膝外翻儿童步长、步速减小,步宽增加;7-12岁年龄段膝外翻儿童单下肢支撑时间延长;②运动学参数方面,膝外翻儿童在支撑相足外翻及膝外翻角度增加,胫骨向内扭转角度增加,髋关节最大伸展角度减小,足廓清角度减小;7-12岁年龄段膝外翻儿童还表现出踝关节最大跖屈角度及屈伸运动范围减小;③动力学方面,膝外翻儿童足蹬离地面时垂直方向地反力减小;3-6岁年龄段膝外翻儿童踝、膝关节最大功率下降,膝关节内翻力矩减小;7-12岁年龄段儿童承重反应期垂直方向地反力减低,髋关节功率下降;④结果表明,膝外翻儿童步行效率及平衡稳定性下降,步行时下肢推进能力减低,踝关节及膝关节均存在力线排列异常问题;低年龄段膝外翻儿童的髋关节代偿性异常运动及下肢肌群的功能下降表现更明显;发育为成熟步态模式后的膝外翻儿童,髋关节异常代偿减少,但踝、膝关节的异常力线排列始终存在。

关键词: 膝外翻, 儿童, 三维步态分析, 力线

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Genu valgus as a major deformity of children’s lower limbs may appear abnormal manifestations in the early stage of growth and development. However, the current research mainly focuses on the surgical treatment, and the research on the gait of children with genu valgus is relatively lacking.   
OBJECTIVE: To provide scientific basis for the early evaluation and treatment through the systematic analysis of the gait characteristics of children with genu valgus. 
METHODS: Fifty children with genu valgus and 50 healthy volunteers were selected. According to the occurrence of genu valgus, the subjects were divided into 3-6 years old and 7-12 years old. Three-dimensional gait analysis system was used to collect the kinematic, dynamic and spatiotemporal parameters of each subject. The gait parameters of children with genu valgus were compared with those of healthy children to summarize the gait characteristics. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In terms of spatiotemporal parameters, the step length, forward velocity and step width of children with genu valgus decreased, while the single support time of children aged 7-12 increased. (2) In terms of kinematic parameters, the angle of foot pronated and genu valgus increased; the angle of tibia internal rotation increased; the maximum extension angle of hip joint decreased; and the angle of foot clearance decreased in children with genu valgus in stance phase; the maximum plantar flexion angle and the range of ankle joint flexion also decreased in children aged 7-12 years old. (3) In terms of dynamics, the ground reaction force in vertical direction decreased when the foot was off the ground; the maximum power of ankle and knee joint of children at the age of 3-6 decreased; and the moment of knee valgus decreased; the ground reaction force in vertical direction decreased and the power of hip joint decreased during the loading response period of children at the age of 7-12. (4) The results show that the walking efficiency and stability of children with genu valgus decreases, the lower limb propulsion ability decreases, and the line alignment is abnormal in ankle and knee joints. In children with knee valgus of low age, the compensatory abnormal movement of hip joint and the functional decline of lower limb muscle group are more obvious; in children with knee valgus of mature gait, the abnormal compensation of hip joint is reduced, but the abnormal line alignment of ankle and knee joint always exists. 


Key words: genu valgus, children, three-dimensional gait analysis, force line

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