中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (38): 5745-5751.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.38.018

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

胶原/丝素蛋白神经导管修复周围神经缺损的研究与应用进展

徐云强1，刘迎节1，李瑞欣2，朱双龙1，张振辉1
  

  1. 1天津医科大学总医院骨科，天津市 300052；2军事医学科学院卫生装备研究所，天津市  300161
  • 收稿日期:2016-07-06 出版日期:2016-09-16 发布日期:2016-09-16
  • 通讯作者: 徐云强，天津医科大学总医院骨科，天津市 300052
  • 作者简介:徐云强，男，1977年生，山东省人，汉族，2008年天津医科大学毕业，博士，副主任医师。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(81101362)

Collagen/silk fibroin nerve conduits used for repairing peripheral nerve defect: application and development

Xu Yun-qiang1, Liu Ying-jie1, Li Rui-xin2, Zhu Shuang-long1, Zhang Zhen-hui1
  

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; 2Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300161, China
  • Received:2016-07-06 Online:2016-09-16 Published:2016-09-16
  • Contact: Xu Yun-qiang, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
  • About author:Xu Yun-qiang, M.D., Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81101362

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文题释义：
组织工程神经制备技术：应用生命科学与工程学的原理与技术，在正确认识哺乳动物的正常及病理两种状态下的组织结构与功能关系的基础上，研究、开发用于修复、维护、促进人体神经组织损伤后的功能和形态的生物替代物的一门新兴技术。
合成神经导管材料：分为不可降解以及可降解2类。不可降解材料中最为人熟知的是硅胶管，虽然能在短时间内显示出神经感觉、运动良好的恢复效果，但硅胶管不能与外界进行物质交换，也不能被人体吸收，长期滞留于人体内会压缩神经，影响神经功能，需行再次手术取出。

背景：周围神经缺损引起的肢体功能障碍始终是医学界面临的难题。针对修复周围神经缺损的组织工程支架仍处在研究阶段，理想的构建材料和制作工艺仍处于在探索研究中。
目的：综述胶原/丝素蛋白神经导管修复周围神经缺损的研究进展。
方法：由第一作者检索2003至2016年PubMed数据库和中国知网数据库相关人工神经支架构建方法和原材料选择研究的文献，并进行总结、整理和论述。
结果与结论：共纳入46篇文献。胶原蛋白具有较高的生物相容性及可降解性，自身及其降解产物在宿主内不会发生炎症反应等优点，但同时也存在生物降解速度快及物理性能差等缺点。丝素蛋白拥有较高的柔韧性和生物相容性，但其体内降解速度较缓慢。在支架制作工艺上，快速成型三维打印法可精准控制支架的孔径及其分布，孔隙结构高度整齐，可打印各种形状的支架，时间短，能够进行规模化生产。将胶原/丝素蛋白用三维打印法制备成神经支架，可保持良好生物相容性，也改善了力学性能。当今，国内外对胶原蛋白或丝素蛋白等天然生物高分子材料在神经损伤修复方面做了大量研究，同时在支架制作工艺上也不断改进，因此，胶原/丝素蛋白作为原材料并联合三维打印制作工艺有望成为未来周围神经缺损修复的主要选择方式。

关键词: 生物材料, 材料相容性, 胶原蛋白, 丝素蛋白, 三维打印, 周围神经损伤, 人工神经, 神经支架, 组织工程, 冷冻干燥法, 静电纺丝法, 气体发泡法, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve defect due to limb dysfunction has always been the difficulty faced by the medical profession. Ideal materials and processing technology for constructing a tissue engineering scaffold targeting peripheral nerve repair are still in research stage.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in peripheral nerve repair using collagen/silk fibroin nerve conduits.
METHODS: In this paper, the first author retrieved the PubMed and CNKI from 2003 to 2016 to search articles regarding methods of constructing artificial nerve scaffolds and selection of raw materials. Data from these articles were collected, summarized and analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Forty-six articles were included for final analysis. Collagen and its degradation products trigger no inflammatory response in the host because of high biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, its use is largely limited by its rapid degradation and poor physical performance. Silk fibroin has a high flexibility and biocompatibility, and exhibits a slow degradation in vivo. As a rapid prototyping technique, three-dimensional printing can print various forms of scaffolds within a short time, characterized as high-quality pore structure and large-scale production. Given these, the collagen/silk fibroin nerve conduit prepared using the three-dimensional printing technology can maintain the biocompatibility and even improve the mechanical properties of the raw materials. Until now, more investigations on nerve repair using collagen or silk fibroin have been done, and we have never stopped improving the production process of these scaffolds. Therefore, the collagen/silk fibroin scaffold prepared using the three-dimensional printing technology is expected to become the main candidate for the repair of peripheral nerve defects. 

Key words: Tissue Engineering, Biocompatible Materials, Stents

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