中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (31): 4575-4581.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.31.002

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

活动平台单髁置换修复膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎:4-6年随访

鲁 宁,杨 阳   

  1. 昆明医科大学第二附属医院骨科,云南省昆明市 650101
  • 修回日期:2016-06-09 出版日期:2016-07-22 发布日期:2016-07-22
  • 作者简介:鲁宁,男,1977年生,云南省昆明市人,白族,2013年昆明医科大学毕业,博士,讲师,主要从事关节疾病的临床及基础研究。

Unicompartmental knee replacement for medial compartmental knee osteoarthritis: a four to six-year follow-up

Lu Ning, Yang Yang   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
  • Revised:2016-06-09 Online:2016-07-22 Published:2016-07-22
  • About author:Lu Ning, M.D., Lecturer, Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 
文题释义:
单髁置换:是一种技术成熟的新型关节外科微创修复方式,即用人工单髁膝关节替代病变的关节软骨、半月板而保留正常的关节韧带和其他组织的一种局限性微创关节置换手术。修复的机制是利用关节表面置换技术来弥补原有组织的丢失。
牛津单髁假体:牛津假体最开始为双髁假体设计,但生存率却很低,随着假体设计改为单独内侧髁假体,并运用于稳定的膝关节,生存率有了明显改善。单髁假体在使用过程中不断的改进,但其基本的设计理念一直保持下来。2000年初开始使用第3代牛津单髁假体,提供了更多的可供选择大小的股骨假体,更加接近解剖的活动半月板设计,以减少滑动过程中的撞击和旋转。
 
摘要
背景:膝关节单髁置换由于其创伤小、恢复快、并发症低和接近膝关节正常生物力学等优点,在临床上越来越多的被用于修复膝关节单间室疾病。目前国内还没有关于单髁假体角度对生存率影响的报道。
目的:观察单髁置换修复膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎随访4-6年的临床疗效。
方法:纳入采用Oxford 单髁系统修复膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的患者30例。观察并发症发生情况;所有患者于置换前、置换后3 个月、6 个月、1年及每年采用膝关节美国特种外科医院评分评价疗效;通过正位片上胫骨假体与胫骨轴线的关系来确定胫骨假体的内外翻位置,通过侧位片上股骨假体轴线与股骨后缘皮质的关系来确定股骨假体的屈曲或伸直位置。
结果与结论:①术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无关节感染和下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生;②30例均获随访,随访时间48-72 个月,未出现假体松动、脱位及因对侧间室和髌股关节病变而行翻修的病例;③置换后末次随访膝关节美国特种外科医院评分为(90.47±4.05)分;与置换前比较差异有显著性意义(P=0.00);④单髁假体胫骨侧放置角度:假体轴线与胫骨轴线垂直的21例,内翻放置:2° 1例,4° 3例,5° 2例,6° 2例,10° 1例,胫骨侧无外翻放置;⑤股骨侧假体放置角度:股骨假体轴线与股骨后缘皮质线平行22例,屈曲位放置:4° 2例,5°,6°,7°各1例,伸直位放置:3°,4°,5°各1例;⑥结果表明,单髁置换修复膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎具有较好的初期效果,中远期疗效还需更长时间随访观察。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
 
ORCID: 0000-0003-3278-0200(鲁宁)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 膝关节, 内侧间室, 骨关节炎, 随访研究, 单髁置换

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Unicompartment knee replacement is more popular for small trauma, rapid recovery, low complication and almost normal knee mechanics, and has been more and more used in clinic to repair single compartment knee disease. At present, there is no report about the influence of the angle of the single condyle prosthesis on the survival rate.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of unicompartmental knee replacement for medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee in 4-6 years of follow-up.
METHODS: Thirty patients with medial compartmental osteoarthritis of the knee were treated by unicompartmental knee replacement with Oxford system. Complication occurrence was observed. Curative effects were evaluated with Hospital for Special Surgery score before and 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. On anteroposterior view, the varus/valgus alignments of the tibial components were measured relative to the long axis of the tibia. On lateral view, flexion/extension of the femoral component was measured relative to the posterior femoral cortex.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Primary healing of incision was obtained in all patients, and no infection or lower limb deep venous thrombosis occurred. (2) All of the patients were followed up for 48-72 months. There was no prosthetic loosening, dislocation or revision for contralateral compartment and patellofemoral joint symptoms. (3) Hospital for Special Surgery score was significantly increased to (90.47±4.05) (P=0.00). (4) Tibial placement angle of single condyle prosthesis: The axis of the prosthesis was perpendicular to the axis of the tibia in 21 cases. Varus placement: 2° in 1 case, 4° in 3 cases, 5° in 2 cases, 6° in 2 cases, and 10° in 1 case. No valgus occurred in the tibial side. (5) Femoral prosthesis placement angle: The axis of the femoral prosthesis was parallel to the posterior edge of the femoral cortex in 22 cases, on the flexed position: 4° in 2 cases, 5° in 1 case, 6° in 1 case and 7° in 1 case; in the extension position: 3° in 1 case, 4° in 1 case and 5° in 1 case. (6) Results suggested that the unilateral condylar replacement for the repair of medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee has a good initial effect. The middle-term and long-term efficacy needs longer follow-up study.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Knee Joint, Osteoarthritis, Follow-Up Studies, Tissue Engineering

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