中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (35): 9258-9268.doi: 10.12307/2026.278

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

金属蛋白酶类组织抑制剂功能网络失衡驱动椎间盘退变的分子机制

肖  扬1,高梓博1,胡宇翔1,康智鑫1,张焯铉1,黄澄宇1,刘汯林1,陈  凯1,王洪伸2,李永津2   

  1. 1广州中医药大学第二临床医学院,广东省广州市   510120;2广州中医药大学第二附属医院,广东省广州市   510120
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-02 修回日期:2025-12-12 出版日期:2026-12-18 发布日期:2026-04-29
  • 通讯作者: 王洪伸,主治中医师,博士后,广州中医药大学第二附属医院,广东省广州市 510120 通讯作者:李永津,主任中医师,副院长,广州中医药大学第二附属医院,广东省广州市 510120
  • 作者简介:肖扬,男,2000年生,广东省广州市人,汉族,广州中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事脊柱疾病的基础与临床研究。
  • 基金资助:

    广东省中医院拔尖人才资助专项(BJ2022YL07),项目负责人:李永津;国家自然科学基金面上项目(82274554),项目负责人:李永津;广东省科技计划项目(2023B1212060063),项目负责人:李永津;广州中医药大学第二附属医院(广东省中医院)中医药科学技术研究(YN2020QN14),项目负责人:王洪伸;广东省基础与应用基础研究基金面上项目(2024A1515010981),项目负责人:王洪伸

Molecular mechanism by which the imbalance of the functional network of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases drives intervertebral disc degeneration

Xiao Yang1, Gao Zibo1, Hu Yuxiang1, Kang Zhixin1, Zhang Chaoxuan1, Huang Chengyu1, Liu Honglin1, Chen Kai1, Wang Hongshen2, Li Yongjin2   

  1. 1The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China; 2The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2025-09-02 Revised:2025-12-12 Online:2026-12-18 Published:2026-04-29
  • Contact: Wang Hongshen, Attending physician, MD, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China Co-corresponding author: Li Yongjin, Chief physician, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Xiao Yang, MS candidate, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Top Talent Support Program of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. BJ2022YL07 (to LYJ); National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 82274554 (to LYJ); Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project, No. 2023B1212060063 (to LYJ); Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Research Program of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), No. YN2020QN14 (to WHS); Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (General Program), No. 2024A1515010981 (to WHS)

摘要:



文题释义:
细胞外基质代谢:细胞外基质代谢通过动态平衡胶原蛋白等成分的合成、重塑与降解,维持组织结构和信号传递功能;靶向调控细胞外基质代谢正成为治疗脊柱退行性疾病的关键策略。
金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂:是基质金属蛋白酶的内源性特异性抑制因子,该家族目前包括金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1、金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂2、金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂3、金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂4。通过调控基质金属蛋白酶活性参与细胞外基质代谢、组织重塑等生理病理过程,成为干预细胞外基质代谢紊乱的关键靶点。

背景:椎间盘退变是盘源性疾病的核心病理机制,核心特征为细胞外基质代谢失衡。金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂作为基质金属蛋白酶的内源性拮抗剂,通过调控细胞外基质稳态在椎间盘退变中发挥关键作用,但各亚型特异性功能、信号通路交互及表观遗传调控机制尚未系统阐明。
目的:综述金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂在椎间盘退变过程中的表达变化、功能异质性及调控网络,重点阐明金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂在氧化应激、机械负荷及炎症微环境中的分子机制和信号通路,并评估基于金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂基因治疗等策略的转化潜力。
方法:由第一作者检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、中国知网、万方等数据库,文献检索时限为各数据库建库至2025年3月,以“椎间盘退变,椎间盘退行性变,椎间盘退化,金属蛋白酶类组织抑制剂,信号通路”为中文检索词,以“Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases,Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase,TIMPs,Intervertebral disc degeneration,Disc degeneration,Degenerative Disc Disease,Degenerative Intervertebral Discs”为英文检索词,最终选取符合标准的76篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂亚型功能:金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1呈双向调节(早期保护/晚期耗竭);金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂2通过抑制基质金属蛋白酶活性维持细胞外基质稳态,其异常表达可激活促凋亡信号通路(如miR-185-5p/基质金属蛋白酶2轴及炎症因子介导的基质金属蛋白酶/金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂失衡);金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂3通过抑制基质金属蛋白酶活性、肿瘤坏死因子α转化酶/肿瘤坏死因子α轴及血管新生发挥多维度保护作用;金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂4受miR-155-5p/成纤维细胞生长因子2调控参与细胞外基质稳态;②表观遗传重编程机制:异常机械应力通过WTAP/YTH结构域家族蛋白2-m6A轴降解金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂3 mRNA,而miR-222靶向抑制金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂3协同加速细胞外基质降解;③多模式治疗策略:光生物调节(波长特异性调控金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂/基质金属蛋白酶)、干细胞外泌体(miR-199a/GREM1轴)及鸢尾素干预可重构基质代谢平衡。此综述总结“金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂功能网络失衡”理论框架,揭示其作为椎间盘退变核心驱动因素的多层次调控特性,为开发靶向表观遗传修饰、力学-生物学耦合干预的精准治疗提供理论依据。

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9819-4758(肖扬);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8712-1432(王洪伸);
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8561-3380(李永津)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 椎间盘退变, 金属蛋白酶类组织抑制剂, 基质金属蛋白酶, 表观遗传调控, 基因治疗, 机械应力, 氧化应激, 炎症反应

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Intervertebral disc degeneration is a core pathological mechanism of discogenic diseases, characterized by an imbalance in extracellular matrix metabolism. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, as endogenous antagonists of matrix metalloproteinases, play a crucial role in regulating extracellular matrix homeostasis in intervertebral disc degeneration. However, the subtype-specific functions, signal pathway interactions, and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases have not been systematically elucidated.
OBJECTIVE: To review the expression changes, functional heterogeneity, and regulatory networks of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in intervertebral disc degeneration, with a focus on clarifying the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in oxidative stress, mechanical loading, and inflammatory microenvironments, and to evaluate the translational potential of strategies such as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-based gene therapy.
METHODS: The first author conducted a literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and WanFang databasdes. The search period was from database inception to March 2025. The search terms included “intervertebral disc degeneration, intervertebral disc degenerative changes, intervertebral disc degeneration, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, signaling pathways” in Chinese and “tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase, TIMPs, intervertebral disc degeneration, disc degeneration, degenerative disc disease, degenerative intervertebral discs” in English. A total of 76 articles that met inclusion criteria were selected for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Functions of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase subtypes: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 exhibits dynamic bi-directional regulation (early protection/late depletion). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 maintains extracellular matrix homeostasis through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity, and its aberrant expression can activate pro-apoptotic signaling pathways (such as the miR-185-5p/matrix metalloproteinase-2 axis and the inflammatory factor-mediated matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase imbalance). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 plays a multi-dimensional protective role through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme/tumor necrosis factor alpha axis, and vascular neogenesis. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 is regulated by miR-155-5p/fibroblast growth factor-2 to participate in the extracellular matrix homeostasis. (2) Epigenetic reprogramming mechanism: Abnormal mechanical stress degrades tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinas-3 mRNA through the WTAP/YTHDF2-m6A axis, whereas miR-222 targeted inhibition of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinas-3 translation synergistically accelerates extracellular matrix degradation. (3) Multimodal therapeutic strategy: Photobiomodulation (wavelength-specific modulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase/matrix metalloproteinase), stem cell-derived exosomes (miR-199a/GREM1 axis) and irisin intervention can reconfigure matrix metabolic balance. The present review proposes a theoretical framework of "functional network imbalance of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases", reveals its multi-level regulation as a core driver of intervertebral disc degeneration, and lays the theoretical foundation for developing precise treatments that target epigenetic modifications and mechano-biological coupling interventions.

Key words: intervertebral disc degeneration, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, matrix metalloproteinases, epigenetic regulation, gene therapy, mechanical stress, oxidative stress, inflammatory response

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