中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (31): 8135-8145.doi: 10.12307/2026.436

• 干细胞外泌体 Stem cell exosomes • 上一篇    下一篇

淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡改善血管平滑肌细胞钙化:蛋白组学分析

胡  凯1,2,陈钰璘1,2,严  静1,何莹莹1,2,蒙衍慧1,2,李闰珍1,2,唐耀平1,2,3   

  1. 1广西中医药大学,广西壮族自治区南宁市   530200;2广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院,广西壮族自治区南宁市   530200;3广西中医药大学国际教育学院,广西壮族自治区南宁市   530001
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-15 接受日期:2026-01-29 出版日期:2026-11-08 发布日期:2026-05-23
  • 通讯作者: 唐耀平,博士,教授,主任医师,广西中医药大学,广西壮族自治区南宁市 530200;广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院,广西壮族自治区南宁市 530200;广西中医药大学国际教育学院,广西壮族自治区南宁市 530001
  • 作者简介:第一作者:胡凯,男,1995年生,江西省赣州市人,汉族,广西中医药大学在读博士,主治医师,主要从事心血管疾病的中西医结合防治研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广西重点研发计划(桂科AB23026143),项目负责人:唐耀平;国家自然科学基金委员会地区科学基金项目(81260856),项目负责人:唐耀平;广西自然科学基金项目(2024GXNSFDA010031),项目负责人:唐耀平

Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicles ameliorate vascular smooth muscle cell calcification: a proteomic analysis

Hu Kai1, 2, Chen Yulin1, 2, Yan Jing1, He Yingying1, 2, Meng Yanhui1, 2, Li Runzhen1, 2, Tang Yaoping1, 2, 3   

  1. 1Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 2Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 3Faculty of International Education, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2025-10-15 Accepted:2026-01-29 Online:2026-11-08 Published:2026-05-23
  • Contact: Tang Yaoping, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Faculty of International Education, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Hu Kai, PhD candidate, Attending physician, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Guangxi Key Research and Development Program, No. AB23026143(to TYP); National Natural Science Foundation of China (Regional Science Fund Project), No. 81260856 (to TYP); Guangxi Natural Science Foundation, No. 2024GXNSFDA010031 (to TYP)

摘要:

文题释义:

Ras同源家族成员A/Rho相关卷曲螺旋蛋白激酶信号通路:是细胞骨架动态调控的核心机制,广泛参与了血管平滑肌细胞的生物学功能。在这一通路中,Ras同源家族成员A小GTP酶作为一种Ras同源家族成员蛋白,在受刺激状态下由GDP结合形式转化为GTP结合形式,进而激活Rho相关卷曲螺旋含蛋白激酶1来调节多种细胞功能,包括细胞骨架重构、收缩、迁移及增殖等。
类外泌体囊泡:是植物细胞分泌的一类膜性囊泡,具有纳米级结构和高度稳定的物理化学性质,类外泌体囊泡中包含脂类、蛋白质、核酸及活性代谢产物,能够在细胞间传递信号分子并参与跨种属的生物信息交流。

摘要
背景:血管钙化属于骨代谢异常,病理机制与骨矿化过程高度相似,淫羊藿作为传统中药,在心血管疾病的应用以及如何改善生物利用度等问题尚无有效证据。
目的:探讨淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡改善血管钙化的作用及分子机制。
方法:①利用密度梯度离心法提取淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡,通过透射电镜、纳米粒径检测仪与纳米颗粒追踪分析仪进行鉴定;②CCK-8实验检测淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡对主动脉平滑肌细胞活性的影响;共聚焦扫描显微镜观察主动脉平滑肌细胞对淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡摄取情况;③通过蛋白组学技术对淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡蛋白成分进行分析鉴定,筛选出可能的功能蛋白;④将主动脉平滑肌细胞分为空白组、模型组以及淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡低、中、高剂量组,培养48 h后用共聚焦显微镜观察细胞骨架变化;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况;Western blot检测Ras同源家族成员A/Rho相关卷曲螺旋蛋白激酶通路相关蛋白表达水平;ELISA检测Ras同源家族成员A-GTP水平;培养7 d后茜素红S染色检测细胞钙化面积,Western blot检测成骨相关蛋白表达水平。
结果与结论:①淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡呈茶托状,粒径在50-200 nm之间;②CCK-8实验显示淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡对细胞活性没有明显的影响;囊泡能被主动脉平滑肌细胞有效摄入,具有生物活性;③蛋白组学分析淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡中可能含有37种特异性蛋白,基因本体分析提示淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡可能通过复杂的蛋白互作网络,协同参与细胞代谢、信号转导及应激反应等过程发挥抗血管钙化作用;④茜素红S染色显示淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡组钙化面积较模型组显著减少;流式细胞术检测显示淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡具有显著的抗凋亡保护作用;共聚焦显微镜结果显示,与模型组相比,淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡低、中、高剂量组细胞骨架结构逐渐改善,呈剂量依赖性保护趋势;Western blot检测结果显示,与模型组相比,淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡低、中、高剂量组Runt相关转录因子2、骨形态发生蛋白2、磷酸化Rho相关卷曲螺旋蛋白激酶1表达水平呈剂量依赖性降低,α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、平滑肌22α表达水平呈剂量依赖性升高;ELISA检测结果显示Ras同源家族成员A-GTP呈剂量依赖性降低。研究结果表明淫羊藿类外泌体囊泡可有效改善血管钙化,可能通过调控Ras同源家族成员A/Rho相关卷曲螺旋蛋白激酶通路发挥抗钙化作用。

关键词: 淫羊藿, 类外泌体囊泡, Ras同源家族成员A/Rho相关卷曲螺旋蛋白激酶(RhoA/ROCK), 血管钙化, 蛋白质组学, 细胞骨架

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular calcification is a type of bone metabolic disorder, and its pathological mechanism is highly similar to the process of bone mineralization. However, there is a lack of effective evidence regarding the application of Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim. (a traditional Chinese medicine) in cardiovascular diseases and how to improve its bioavailability.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicles on vascular calcification.
METHODS: (1) Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicles were isolated from using density gradient centrifugation, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle size analyzer, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. (2) The effects of Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicles on the viability of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells were evaluated by CCK-8 assay. The cellular uptake of Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicles by aortic vascular smooth muscle cells was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. (3) Proteomic analysis was performed to identify and characterize the protein composition of Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicles, and potential functional proteins were screened. (4) Aortic vascular smooth muscle cells were divided into blank, model, and Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicle intervention groups (low, medium, and high doses). After co-culturing for 48 hours, cytoskeletal changes were observed by confocal microscopy. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Ras homolog family member A/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase pathway proteins were measured by western blot assay. Ras homolog family member A-GTP levels were assessed by ELISA. After 7 days of co-culture, calcification areas were detected by Alizarin Red S staining. The expression levels of osteogenic phenotype proteins were detected using western blot assay. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicles exhibited saucer-shaped morphology with particle sizes ranging from 50 to 200 nm. (2) CCK-8 assay showed that Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicles had no significant effect on cell viability and were efficiently taken up by aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, indicating good bioactivity. (3) Proteomic analysis identified 37 specific proteins in Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicles. Gene Ontology analysis suggested that Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicles may exert anti-calcification effects by participating in cellular metabolism, signal transduction, and stress response via complex protein interaction networks. (4) Alizarin Red S staining revealed that Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicle intervention significantly reduced calcification areas compared with the model group. Flow cytometry indicated that Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicles exerted notable anti-apoptotic effects. Confocal microscopy results showed that compared with the model group, Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicles dose-dependently restored cytoskeletal structure in the Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicle intervention groups (low, medium, and high doses). Western blot analysis showed that, compared with the model group, the expression levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and phosphorylated Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 were dose-dependently decreased in the low, medium, and high-dose Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicle groups, while the expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle 22α were dose-dependently increased. ELISA results showed a dose-dependent decrease in Ras homolog family member A-GTP. The results indicate that Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim.-extracellular vesicles can effectively improve vascular calcification, possibly by regulating the Ras homolog family member A/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase pathway.  


Key words: Epimedium Sagittatum Maxim., extracellular vesicles, Ras homolog family member A/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (RhoA/ROCK), vascular calcification, proteomics, cytoskeleton 

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