中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (30): 7979-7983.doi: 10.12307/2026.927

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

双单髁/双间室膝关节置换的临床应用、生物力学特征及技术进展

孙虹斐1,邬晓勇2,李海峰2,徐凤松1   

  1. 1唐山市人民医院,河北省唐山市  063000;2中国人民解放军总医院第四医学中心,北京市  100142

  • 收稿日期:2026-04-22 修回日期:2026-05-18 出版日期:2026-10-28 发布日期:2026-09-14
  • 通讯作者: 李海峰,硕士,副主任医师,中国人民解放军总医院第四医学中心,北京市 100142
  • 作者简介:孙虹斐,女,1971年生,黑龙江省鹤岗市人,汉族,2013年河北联合大学毕业,硕士,主任医师,主要从事膝骨关节炎的保膝治疗研究。

Clinical applications, biomechanical characteristics, and technological advances in bi-unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and bicompartmental knee arthroplasty 

Sun Hongfei1, Wu Xiaoyong2, Li Haifeng2, Xu Fengsong1   

  1. 1Tangshan People’s Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China; 2Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
  • Received:2026-04-22 Revised:2026-05-18 Online:2026-10-28 Published:2026-09-14
  • Contact: Li Haifeng, MS, Associate chief physician, Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
  • About author:Sun Hongfei, MS, Chief physician, Tangshan People’s Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China

摘要:



文题释义:
双单髁膝关节置换:是指采用两套独立的单髁膝关节假体,在同一膝关节的内侧和外侧胫股间室同期进行置换的手术方式。
双间室膝关节置换:是指在同一膝关节中,对2个病变间室进行关节表面置换,同时保留第3个健康间室及所有韧带结构的手术方式。

背景:膝骨关节炎是全球范围内导致中老年人运动功能障碍的主要疾病之一,全膝关节置换是终末期膝骨关节炎的标准治疗方案,但存在创伤较大、韧带结构破坏、术后运动功能恢复有限等不足。随着精准医疗与微创外科的发展,双单髁膝关节置换术与双间室膝关节置换术作为保留骨量与韧带功能的替代术式,逐渐受到临床关注。
目的:从手术技术与分类、临床疗效对比、生物力学与运动学特征、并发症与生存率、机器人辅助技术应用及争议与展望等方面,全面综述双单髁膝关节置换术/双间室膝关节置换术的研究现状与发展趋势,为临床治疗决策提供循证依据。
方法:检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库收录的相关文献,检索文献时限为2004年1月至2025年11月,中文检索词为“双单髁膝关节置换术,双间室膝关节置换术,部分膝关节置换术,单髁置换术,髌股关节置换术,全膝关节置换术,机器人辅助,生物力学,步态分析,生存率,并发症”,英文检索词为“bicompartmental knee arthroplasty,bi-unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,partial knee arthroplasty,unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,patellofemoral arthroplasty,total knee arthroplasty,robotic-assisted,biomechanics,gait analysis,survival rate,complication”,最终纳入40篇文献进行综述和大数据分析。
结果与结论:双单髁膝关节置换术/双间室膝关节置换术作为保留骨量与韧带功能的微创术式,在特定膝骨关节炎患者(年轻、活动需求高、畸形程度轻、前交叉韧带功能完整)中具有创伤小、住院时间短、运动功能恢复快、步态模式更自然等优势。模块化假体及机器人辅助技术的应用可进一步提升手术精度与假体生存率。然而,该术式仍存在手术技术要求高、学习曲线长、适应证严格、长期生存率尚不确定及术后翻修率较高等局限。未来研究应聚焦于大样本长期随访、适应证拓展、人工智能辅助规划及远程手术技术开发,为膝骨关节炎患者提供更精准、个性化的治疗选择。
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3098-8151 (孙虹斐) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 双单髁膝关节置换术, 双间室膝关节置换术, 全膝关节置换术, 膝骨关节炎, 生物力学, 机器人辅助手术

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of motor impairment among middle-aged and elderly individuals worldwide. Total knee arthroplasty is the standard treatment for end-stage knee osteoarthritis; however, it has limitations, including significant trauma, destruction of ligament structures, and limited recovery of postoperative motor function. With the development of precision medicine and minimally invasive surgery, bi-unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and bicompartmental knee arthroplasty have gradually garnered clinical attention as alternative procedures that preserve bone mass and ligament function.
OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively review the current status and future trends of bi-unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and bicompartmental knee arthroplasty from the perspectives of surgical techniques and classification, comparative clinical efficacy, biomechanical and kinematic characteristics, complications and survival rates, the application of robot-assisted technology, as well as controversies and future prospects, thereby providing evidence-based support for clinical treatment decisions.
METHODS: Relevant literature was retrieved from CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The search period spanned from January 2004 to November 2025. The search terms were “bicompartmental knee arthroplasty, bi-unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, partial knee arthroplasty, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, patellofemoral arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, robotic-assisted, biomechanics, gait analysis, survival rate, complication” in Chinese and English. Ultimately, 40 articles were included for review and big data analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As minimally invasive procedures that preserve bone mass and ligament function, bi-unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and bicompartmental knee arthroplasty offer advantages such as reduced trauma, shorter hospital stays, rapid recovery of motor function, and more natural gait patterns in specific patients with knee osteoarthritis (young, high activity demands, mild deformity, and intact anterior cruciate ligament function). The use of modular prostheses and robot-assisted technology can further improve surgical precision and prosthesis survival rates. However, this procedure still has limitations, including high technical demands, a steep learning curve, strict indications, uncertain long-term survival rates, and a relatively high revision rate. Future research should focus on large-sample long-term follow-up, expansion of indications, artificial intelligence-assisted planning, and the development of remote surgical techniques to provide more precise and personalized treatment options for patients with knee osteoarthritis. 

Key words: bi-unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, bicompartmental knee arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty, knee osteoarthritis, biomechanics, robot-assisted surgery

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