中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (32): 6979-6988.doi: 10.12307/2025.940

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

中枢疲劳的神经生理基础及运动诱发机制

王其飞1,杜兴彬1,孔健达2   

  1. 1山东华宇工学院,山东省德州市  253000;2曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东省济宁市  272000

  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31 接受日期:2024-12-10 出版日期:2025-11-18 发布日期:2025-04-29
  • 通讯作者: 杜兴彬,在读博士,教授,山东华宇工学院,山东省德州市 253000 共同通讯作者:孔健达,硕士,曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东省济宁市 272000
  • 作者简介:王其飞,男,1988年生,山东省德州市人,汉族,2013年北京体育大学毕业,硕士,副教授,主要从事体育教学以及民族传统体育学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    2021年山东省本科教育教学改革项目《高校体育课内外一体化育人模式研究》(M2021107),项目负责人:杜兴彬

Neural physiological basis and exercise-induced mechanism of central fatigue

Wang Qifei1, Du Xingbin1, Kong Jianda2   

  1. 1Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou 253000, Shandong Province, China; 2School of Sport Science, Qufu Normal University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2024-10-31 Accepted:2024-12-10 Online:2025-11-18 Published:2025-04-29
  • Contact: Du Xingbin, Doctoral candidate, Professor, Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou 253000, Shandong Province, China Co-corresponding author: Kong Jianda, MS, School of Sport Science, Qufu Normal University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Qifei, MS, Associate professor, Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou 253000, Shandong Province, China Corresponding author:
  • Supported by:
    2021 Shandong Undergraduate Education and Teaching Reform Project, No. M2021107 (to DXB)

摘要:


文题释义:
中枢疲劳:是指个体因中枢神经系统功能改变,致使运动能力下降且疲劳感增加的现象。中枢疲劳与运动持续时间、强度以及神经递质调节紧密相关,如长时间或高强度运动可使大脑中5-羟色胺和多巴胺等神经递质失衡,进而增强疲劳感。5-羟色胺在运动疲劳中的作用具有复杂性,低强度运动时适量增加有助于改善情绪和运动表现,但高强度运动后浓度过高则会加重疲劳,甚至产生抑制作用,这体现了中枢疲劳机制中神经递质调节的量化影响。
神经递质平衡:神经递质平衡在中枢疲劳机制中至关重要,它涉及多种神经递质如5-羟色胺、多巴胺、谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸等之间的相互关系。正常情况下,这些神经递质保持一定比例,以维持中枢神经系统功能稳定。例如,多巴胺水平下降常伴随5-羟色胺增加,这种不平衡会加剧疲劳感。研究发现,补充特定营养物质影响神经递质合成或释放,可改变疲劳程度,说明维持神经递质平衡对缓解中枢疲劳具有重要意义,为深入理解中枢疲劳机制提供了关键视角。

背景:中枢疲劳是指由于中枢神经系统功能的变化,导致个体运动能力下降及疲劳感增加的现象。随着运动科学的不断发展,运动诱发的中枢疲劳机制逐渐成为研究的热点。虽然已有大量研究探讨了神经递质、能量代谢和神经炎症等生物学机制在中枢疲劳中的作用,但对这些机制的交互作用以及在不同运动情境中的表现仍不完全清楚。
目的:探讨运动诱发中枢疲劳的多种生物学机制,阐明神经递质、能量代谢、神经网络活动、神经炎症和氧化应激在疲劳形成中的相互作用,进而为理解中枢疲劳提供新的视角。
方法:检索Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方、维普数据库,以“central fatigue,neurophysiological basis,exercise,physical activity,neurotransmitters,serotonin,dopamine,glutamate,GABA,energy metabolism,astrocytes,neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,cortical activity,neural network activity,sport”为英文检索词, 以“中枢疲劳,神经生理基础,运动,神经递质,5-羟色胺,多巴胺,谷氨酸,γ-氨基丁酸,能量代谢,星形胶质细胞,神经炎症,氧化应激,大脑皮质活动,神经网络活动,运动”为中文检索词,检索各数据库建库至2024年8月发表的相关文献,最后纳入74篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:运动诱发的中枢疲劳涉及多个复杂的生物学机制。神经递质(如5-羟色胺、多巴胺、谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸)的平衡失调是中枢疲劳的关键因素,特别是5-羟色胺的升高与疲劳感增强密切相关。能量代谢紊乱,尤其是星形胶质细胞糖原代谢与乳酸的供应,在长时间运动中对疲劳的形成起到重要作用。神经炎症和氧化应激通过影响神经递质的释放和神经网络的功能,加剧了中枢疲劳的表现。此外,神经网络的活动变化,如大脑皮质的兴奋性降低,直接影响运动表现。未来研究应加强神经递质、代谢和炎症途径的综合探讨,进行更多的人体研究以验证动物实验的发现,探讨不同运动条件下(如强度、时间、环境)的中枢疲劳机制差异性,以及研究基于神经递质调控的药物或营养补充剂在缓解中枢疲劳中的潜力。
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0707-362X(王其飞);https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5718-7335(杜兴彬);
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1783-918X(孔健达)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 中枢疲劳, 神经生理基础, 运动, 诱发机制, 神经递质, 能量代谢, 神经网络活动, 神经炎症

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Central fatigue refers to the phenomenon where changes in the functions of the central nervous system lead to a decline in an individual’s exercise capacity and an increase in the sense of fatigue. With the continuous development of sports science, the mechanisms of exercise-induced central fatigue have gradually become a research hotspot. Although a large number of studies have explored the roles of biological mechanisms such as neurotransmitters, energy metabolism, and neuroinflammation in central fatigue, the interactions of these mechanisms and their manifestations in different exercise scenarios are still not fully understood.
OBJECTIVE: To explore various biological mechanisms of exercise-induced central fatigue, clarify the interactions of neurotransmitters, energy metabolism, neural network activities, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in the formation of fatigue, and thereby provide a new perspective for understanding central fatigue.
METHODS: Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases were searched with search terms “central fatigue, neurophysiological basis, exercise, physical activity, neurotransmitters, serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, GABA, energy metabolism, astrocytes, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, cortical activity, neural network activity, sport” in Chinese and English. Relevant literature published from the establishment of each database to August 2024 was retrieved, and finally 74 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exercise-induced central fatigue involves multiple complex biological mechanisms. The imbalance of neurotransmitters (such as serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid) is a key factor in central fatigue. In particular, the increase in serotonin is closely related to the enhancement of the sense of fatigue. The disorder of energy metabolism, especially the glycogen metabolism of astrocytes and the supply of lactic acid, plays an important role in the formation of fatigue during long-term exercise. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress exacerbate the manifestations of central fatigue by affecting the release of neurotransmitters and the functions of neural networks. In addition, changes in the activities of neural networks, such as the decrease in the excitability of the cerebral cortex, directly affect exercise performance. Future studies should strengthen the comprehensive exploration of neurotransmitter, metabolic, and inflammatory pathways, conduct more human studies to verify the findings of animal experiments, explore the differences in the mechanisms of central fatigue under different exercise conditions (such as intensity, time, and environment), and study the potential of drug interventions or nutritional supplements based on neurotransmitter regulation in alleviating central fatigue.

Key words: central fatigue, neurophysiological basis, exercise, inducing mechanisms, neurotransmitter, energy metabolism, neural network activity, neuroinflammation

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