中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (28): 6146-6160.doi: 10.12307/2025.469

• 生物材料循证医学 evidence-based medicine of biomaterials • 上一篇    

可穿戴设备干预促进老年人身体活动的Meta分析

王锦福,杨  管   

  1. 华南理工大学体育学院,广东省广州市   510641
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-08 接受日期:2024-07-08 出版日期:2025-10-08 发布日期:2024-12-09
  • 通讯作者: 杨管,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,华南理工大学体育学院,广东省广州市 510641
  • 作者简介:王锦福,男,2000年生,广东省佛山市人,汉族,华南理工大学在读硕士,主要从事运动与健康促进相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省哲学社会科学学科共建项目(GD22XTY01),项目负责人:杨管;广州市哲学社会科学发展规划共建课题(2023GZGJ327),项目负责人:杨管;广州市科技局一般项目(2023A04J1822),项目负责人:杨管

Meta-analysis of wearable device interventions to promote physical activity in older adults

Wang Jinfu, Yang Guan   

  1. School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2024-05-08 Accepted:2024-07-08 Online:2025-10-08 Published:2024-12-09
  • Contact: Yang Guan, PhD, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Jinfu, Master candidate, School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Joint Construction Project, No. GD22XTY01 (to YG); Guangzhou City Philosophy and Social Science Joint Construction Topic, No. 2023GZGJ327 (to YG); General Project of Guangzhou City Science and Technology Bureau, No. 2023A04J1822 (to YG)

摘要:


文题释义:

可穿戴设备:应用穿戴式技术对人们日常的穿戴进行智能化配置,可以用来客观测量用户日常身体活动,通过监视显示器或合作应用程序提供反馈的便携式设备。
身体活动:以骨骼肌牵引为特征的各种活动。身体活动结果是身体能量的利用和运动功能的参与。


目的:虽然可穿戴设备在促进老年人身体活动方面的潜在效益已得到认可,但现有研究针对该人群的具体效果尚未进行全面系统的评估。文章旨在系统评价可穿戴设备干预对老年人中高强度身体活动、低强度身体活动、总身体活动、每日步数以及久坐行为等身体活动相关指标的影响。

方法:通过PubMed、EMbase、Scopus、Ovid-Medline、The Cochrane Library、SPORTDiscus、CNKI、维普和万方等数据库检索文献,搜集关于可穿戴设备干预对老年人身体活动影响的随机对照试验,检索时限为各数据库建库至2024-03-10。采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价,运用Review Manager 5.2和Stata 12.0软件进行数据合并、亚组分析、森林图绘制、敏感性分析、发表偏倚评价及单因素Meta回归分析。
结果:①最终纳入43篇文献,包含5 194个样本量;②Meta分析结果显示,可穿戴设备干预对老年人每日步数(SMD=0.48,95%CI:0.33-0.62,P < 0.000 01)、中高强度身体活动(SMD=0.29,95%CI:0.20-0.38,P < 0.000 01)、低强度身体活动(SMD=0.17,95%CI:0.02-0.32,P=0.03)和总身体活动(SMD=0.15,95%CI:0.02-0.28,P=0.02)均有显著的促进效果,然而对改善老年人久坐行为无明显效果(SMD=-0.08,95%CI:-0.21-0.05,P=0.22);③亚组分析结果显示,采用综合干预措施、干预时间≤12周以及使用计步器作为干预设备对促进老年人低强度身体活动和总身体活动的效果更佳;采用综合干预措施、干预时间≤12周及使用加速度计为干预设备可能对促进老年人每日步数和中高强度身体活动更有效;④Meta回归结果表明,年龄(P=0.038)和健康状况(P=0.083)是影响每日步数异质性的重要因素。

结论:当前证据表明,可穿戴设备干预在促进老年人每日步数、中高强度身体活动、低强度身体活动和总身体活动方面具有积极作用,建议在设计可穿戴设备干预方案时,考虑采用综合干预方式、干预时间≤12周并根据干预目标选择合适的设备。尽管如此,对于减少久坐行为的干预效果尚需更多高质量随机对照试验来进一步验证。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6529-5530(王锦福);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-247X(杨管)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 运动生理学, 可穿戴设备, 每日步数, 中高强度身体活动, 低强度身体活动, 总身体活动, 久坐行为, 老年人, Meta分析

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although the potential benefits of wearable devices in enhancing the physical activity levels of the elderly have been recognized, the specific effects of these devices on this population have not yet been comprehensively and systematically assessed. The aim of this article is to systematically evaluate the effect of wearable device interventions on various physical activity-related indicators in the elderly, including moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, low-intensity physical activity, total physical activity, daily step count, and sedentary behavior.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted through databases including PubMed, EMbase, Scopus, Ovid-Medline, The Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang from inception to March 10, 2024, to collect randomized controlled trials on the effect of wearable device interventions on physical activity in the elderly. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data synthesis, subgroup analysis, forest plot creation, sensitivity analysis, publication bias assessment, and univariate meta-regression analysis were performed using Review Manager 5.2 and Stata 12.0 software.
RESULTS: (1) A total of 43 articles, encompassing 5 194 participants, were included in the final analysis. (2) Meta-analysis results indicated that wearable device interventions significantly enhanced the daily step count (SMD=0.48, 95%CI: 0.33-0.62, P < 0.000 01), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (SMD=0.29, 95%CI: 0.20-0.38, P < 0.000 01), low-intensity physical activity (SMD=0.17, 95%CI: 0.02-0.32, P=0.03), and total physical activity (SMD=0.15, 95%CI: 0.02-0.28, P=0.02) in the elderly. However, the intervention showed no significant effect on improving sedentary behavior (SMD=-0.08, 95%CI: -0.21-0.05, P=0.22). (3) Subgroup analysis revealed that comprehensive intervention strategies, interventions lasting ≤12 weeks, and the use of pedometers as intervention devices were more effective in promoting low-intensity physical activity and total physical activity among the elderly. Comprehensive intervention strategies, interventions lasting ≤12 weeks, and the use of accelerometers as intervention devices might be more effective in enhancing daily step count and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. (4) Meta-regression results suggested that age (P=0.038) and health status (P=0.083) could be significant factors influencing heterogeneity in daily step count.
CONCLUSION: Current evidence suggests that wearable device interventions have a positive role in promoting daily step count, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, low-intensity physical activity, and total physical activity in the elderly. It is recommended to consider comprehensive intervention approaches, interventions lasting ≤12 weeks, and the selection of appropriate devices based on intervention goals when designing wearable device intervention programs. Nevertheless, further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to substantiate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behavior.

Key words: sports physiology, wearable devices, daily step count, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, low-intensity physical activity, total physical activity, sedentary behavior, older adults, meta-analysis

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