中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 419-429.doi: 10.12307/2025.235

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

表观遗传学变化及运动调控:改善骨骼肌衰老的机制

樊  饶,孔健达,李  琳,翟  腾,杨紫柔,朱  磊   

  1. 曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东省济宁市  272000
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-19 接受日期:2024-02-04 出版日期:2025-01-18 发布日期:2024-05-27
  • 通讯作者: 朱磊,博士,博士生导师,教授,曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东省济宁市 272000
  • 作者简介:樊饶,1999年生,曲阜师范大学体育科学学院在读硕士,主要从事运动人体科学方面的研究。

Epigenetic changes and exercise regulation: mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle aging and improvement 

Fan Rao, Kong Jianda, Li lin, Zhai teng, Yang zirou, Zhu Lei    

  1. Institute of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2023-12-19 Accepted:2024-02-04 Online:2025-01-18 Published:2024-05-27
  • Contact: Zhu Lei, PhD, Doctoral supervisor, Institute of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Fan Rao, Master candidate, Institute of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:
骨骼肌衰老:主要特征包括肌肉力量下降、肌肉质量减少、肌肉收缩速度减缓、肌肉疲劳快速发生以及肌肉损伤的恢复能力降低等。骨骼肌衰老会影响身体的新陈代谢,导致血糖控制失调、肥胖等代谢性疾病的风险增加。运动被证明可以有效缓解骨骼肌衰老,是一种良好的干预措施。
表观遗传学:是研究基因活性在不涉及基因序列改变的情况下如何被调控的科学领域。与传统的遗传学研究不同,表观遗传学关注的是基因的表达状态和调控机制,而不是基因本身的序列变化。表观遗传学的主要研究方向包括DNA甲基化、染色质重塑、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA等。

背景:骨骼肌衰老和多种表观遗传学变化密切相关,运动对这些表观遗传学变化具有一定调控作用,但尚不完全了解其具体机制。
目的:回顾骨骼肌的表观遗传学机制以及运动如何通过这些表观遗传学机制来改善骨骼肌的衰老,并促进肌肉的适应性变化,旨在更全面地认识骨骼肌老化和疾病机制。
方法:于2023-06-01/08-01检索自建库至2023年8月的Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网(CNKI)、万方和维普等数据库,中文检索词包括骨骼肌、肌肉、衰老、老年、老化、运动、体育锻炼、表观遗传、表观遗传学等;英文检索词包括skeletal muscle,muscle,aging,older adult,senescence,older adult,age,exercise,sports,physical activity,physical activity,epigenetic,epigenetics等。运用布尔逻辑运算符将检索词连接并进行检索,并制定了相应的策略。根据预定的纳入和排除标准,最终筛选出70篇符合条件的文献。
结果与结论:①表观遗传学是指基因序列不发生改变的情况下,基因表达和功能受到调控的现象,其中骨骼肌的表观遗传学变化是一个重要的领域;②骨骼肌的表观遗传学机制在肌肉衰老过程中起着重要作用,主要涉及DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA的调控、染色质重塑、线粒体功能改变和衰老相关基因的表达改变等;③运动显著调控骨骼肌表观遗传学,包括运动促进骨骼肌DNA甲基化、骨骼肌组蛋白修饰、调控骨骼肌miRNA、调控骨骼肌长链非编码RNAs、调控肌肉因子(白细胞介素6的作用)、调控骨骼肌线粒体功能(过氧化物酶体增殖剂激活受体γ共激活因子1α的作用);④建议未来开展:长期、跨不同群体的运动干预研究;应用多组学技术,如蛋白组学和代谢组学;加强对单个细胞水平上表观遗传学变化;开展跨物种的比较研究以及人体临床试验将动物模型的发现转化到人类;研究运动与药理学干预相结合的策略评估两者的协同效果;开展骨骼肌和不同器官之间串扰交互作用的表观遗传学研究。
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1483-8345(樊饶)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 骨骼肌, 衰老, 表观遗传学变化, 运动调控, DNA甲基化, 组蛋白修饰, 线粒体功能

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Muscle aging is closely related to various epigenetic changes, and exercise has a certain regulatory effect on these epigenetic changes. However, the specific mechanism is not fully understood. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the epigenetic mechanisms of skeletal muscle and how exercise can improve skeletal muscle aging and promote adaptive changes in muscle through these epigenetic mechanisms, aiming to provide a more comprehensive understanding of skeletal muscle aging and disease mechanisms. 
METHODS: During the period from June 1st to August 1st, 2023, literature searches were conducted for relevant literature published from database inception to August 2023 in databases including Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP. The search terms used included “skeletal muscle,” “muscle,” “aging,” “older adult,” “aging,” “exercise,” “physical exercise,” “epigenetic,” and “epigenetics” in Chinese as well as “skeletal muscle, muscle, aging, older adult, senescence, age, exercise, sports, physical activity, epigenetic, epigenetics” in English. Boolean logic operators were used to connect the search terms for retrieval, and corresponding strategies were developed. According to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 70 eligible articles were selected. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Epigenetics refers to the phenomenon where gene expression and function are regulated without changes in gene sequence, and epigenetic changes in skeletal muscle are an important field. The epigenetic mechanisms of skeletal muscle play an important role in muscle aging, mainly involving DNA methylation, histone modification, regulation of non-coding RNAs, chromatin remodeling, changes in mitochondrial function and expression changes of aging-related genes. Exercise significantly regulates the epigenetics of skeletal muscle, including promoting DNA methylation, muscle histone modification, regulating miRNA expression, and regulating lncRNA expression, regulating muscle factors (such as interleukin-6), regulating mitochondrial function (such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors γ co-activator 1α). Future studies are recommended for long-term, cross-diverse population-based exercise interventions; the application of multi-omics techniques such as proteomics and metabolomics; strengthening the understanding of epigenetic changes at the single-cell level; cross-species comparative studies as well as human clinical trials for the translation of animal model findings to humans; strategies for combining exercise and pharmacological interventions to assess their synergistic effects; and epigenetic studies of crosstalk interactions between skeletal muscle and different organs. 



Key words:  skeletal muscle, aging, epigenetic change, exercise regulation, DNA methylation, histone modification, mitochondrial function

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