中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (23): 4984-4992.doi: 10.12307/2025.082

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

干细胞的趋电性迁移及机制

韩  芳1,2,舒  晴2,贾绍辉1,田  峻1,2   

  1. 1武汉体育学院运动医学院,湖北省武汉市   430079;2武汉大学中南医院骨科康复科,湖北省武汉市   430071
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-12 接受日期:2024-05-21 出版日期:2025-08-18 发布日期:2024-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 田峻,博士,主任医师,硕士生导师,武汉体育学院运动医学院,湖北省武汉市 430079;武汉大学中南医院骨科康复科,湖北省武汉市 430071
  • 作者简介:韩芳,女,2000年生,山西省太原市人,汉族,武汉体育学院在读硕士,主要从事慢性疾病康复研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82174494),项目负责人:田峻

Electrotactic migration and mechanisms of stem cells

Han Fang1, 2, Shu Qing2, Jia Shaohui1, Tian Jun1, 2   

  1. 1School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2024-03-12 Accepted:2024-05-21 Online:2025-08-18 Published:2024-09-30
  • Contact: Tian Jun, MD, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Han Fang, Master candidate, School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 82174494 (to TJ)

摘要:

文题释义:

趋电性迁移:细胞在电场的作用下发生定向迁移的现象即为细胞的“趋电性迁移”。
干细胞归巢效应:干细胞在体内迁移并定位到特定的组织或器官后,进行分化和修复的生理现象,这一效应对于治疗疾病和损伤具有重要意义。

摘要
背景:随着对干细胞技术研究的深入,如何使其准确归巢成为临床应用中的一大难题。除药物和趋化因子等信号的诱导外,电场也被广泛应用于指导干细胞的定向迁移,并可增强其迁移速度和定向性。
目的:旨在分析总结电场对干细胞迁移特性的影响,同时综述可能的作用机制。
方法:通过检索PubMed和中国知网数据库,收集截至2024年3月的相关文献,英文检索词:“stem cells,direct current electric field,pulsed electric field,migration,electric field device,mechanism”;中文检索词:“干细胞,直流电场,脉冲电场,迁移,电场装置,机制”。排除不能获取全文和与主题无关的文献。
结果与结论:根据筛选要求共纳入58篇文献,包括中文文献15篇及英文文献43篇。文献以脂肪间充质干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、神经干细胞、表皮干细胞、人胚胎干细胞和人诱导性多功能干细胞为研究对象,在迁移装置中研究电场的不同参数对上述干细胞迁移的影响及其机制。①电场作为一种简单、无创且稳定的干预方式在指导干细胞定向迁移的过程中起着积极作用;②不同类型的干细胞发生趋电性迁移的方向不同,同时大部分干细胞的迁移速度和定向性是随着电场强度增加而增加的;③不同的电场装置在观测干细胞迁移时的侧重点不同,可根据实验目的而择优选择相关装置;④不同干细胞趋电性迁移的机制不完全相同,多数干细胞迁移过程中有MAPK通路、ROCK活化以及PI3K功能的参与,同时还有其他蛋白质复合物与信号通路参与调控该过程;⑤除电场参数不同之外,细胞本身的衰老情况和培养环境也会对趋电性迁移的结果产生影响。总而言之,电场作为一种影响干细胞迁移特性的重要信号,与其他新兴材料结合在组织工程应用中展现出了一定的潜力,有望在指导干细胞归巢方面发挥更加重要的作用,促进骨组织再生和修复以及神经系统、自身免疫系统以及肿瘤等疾病的研究取得更大的突破。

关键词: 干细胞, 电场, 趋电性, 迁移机制, 归巢效应, 物理因子, 电场装置, 细胞衰老, 培养环境

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the deepening of research on stem cell technology, how to make its accurate homing has become a major problem in clinical application. In addition to the induction of drugs and chemokines, electric fields are also widely used to guide the directional migration of stem cells. They can enhance their migration speed and orientation. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the effect of an electric field on the characteristics of stem cell migration and analyze the possible mechanism of action. 
METHODS: PubMed and CNKI databases were searched to collect relevant literature up to March 2024, with Chinese and English search terms “stem cells, direct current electric field, pulsed electric field, migration, electric field device, mechanism.” Literature that was not available in full text and unrelated to the topic was excluded.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 58 articles were included according to the screening requirements, including 15 Chinese articles and 43 English articles. In the literature, the effects of different parameters of the electric field on the migration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, epidermal stem cells, human embryonic stem cells, and human induced pluripotent stem cells and its mechanism were studied in a migration device. (1) As a simple, non-invasive, and stable intervention method, the electric field plays an active role in guiding the directional migration of stem cells. (2) Different types of stem cells had different directions of electrotaxis migration, and the migration speed and directionality of most stem cells increased with the increase of electric field intensity. (3) Different electric field devices have different focuses in observing stem cell migration, and the relevant devices can be selected according to the purpose of the experiment. (4) The mechanism of electrotaxis migration of different stem cells is not completely the same. MAPK pathway, ROCK activation, and PI3K function are involved in the migration process of most stem cells, and other protein complexes and signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of this process. (5) In addition to different electric field parameters, cell senescence and culture environment also affect the results of electrotaxis migration. In summary, as an important signal that affects the migration characteristics of stem cells, the application of electric field combined with other emerging materials has shown certain potential in tissue engineering. It is expected to play a more important role in guiding stem cells to home, promoting bone tissue regeneration and repair, and making greater breakthroughs in the research of the nervous system, autoimmune system, tumors, and other diseases.

Key words: stem cell, electric field, electrotaxis, migration mechanism, homing effect, physical factor, electric field device, cell senescence, culture environment

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