中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (9): 1335-1339.doi: 10.12307/2023.215

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

不同认知负荷行走时人体动态稳定性的差异

刘鑫玥1,邢新阳2,霍洪峰1,3   

  1. 1河北师范大学体育学院,河北省石家庄市   050024;2河北体育学院学校体育系,河北省石家庄市   050041;3河北省人体运动生物信息测评重点实验室,河北省石家庄市   050024
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-12 接受日期:2022-02-12 出版日期:2023-03-28 发布日期:2022-07-01
  • 通讯作者: 霍洪峰,硕士,高级实验师,河北师范大学体育学院,河北省石家庄市 050024;河北省人体运动生物信息测评重点实验室,河北省石家庄市 050024
  • 作者简介:刘鑫玥,女,1997年生,河北省易县人,汉族,河北师范大学在读硕士,主要从事生物力学方面的研究。

Differences in human dynamic stability during walking under different cognitive loads

Liu Xinyue1, Xing Xinyang2, Huo Hongfeng1, 3   

  1. 1College of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China; 2Department of Physical Education, Hebei University of Physical Education, Shijiazhuang 050041, Hebei Province, China; 3Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Motion Bioinformation Assessment, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2022-01-12 Accepted:2022-02-12 Online:2023-03-28 Published:2022-07-01
  • Contact: Huo Hongfeng, Master, Senior experimentalist, College of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Motion Bioinformation Assessment, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Liu Xinyue, Master candidate, College of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
双任务研究范式:是指人体在行走过程中同时执行一项认知任务或其他运动任务,贴近日常生活活动的真实场景,可以用来检查认知与神经肌肉控制之间的相互作用。
动态稳定裕度:是基于人体动态稳定性理论和倒立摆姿势模型提出的人体行走稳定性度量,计算给定的质心位置速度点(外推质心)到支撑基底边缘的最短距离。动态稳定裕度为正值时代表行走稳定,反之则不稳定,且中外侧方向动态稳定裕度值被认为是评价人体行走稳定性的关键指标。

背景:行走过程中维持姿势稳定性对预防跌倒至关重要,认知双任务行走时动态稳定性如何变化还存在一定的争议。
目的:通过对比4种不同认知负荷行走时人体动态稳定性的差异,探究认知负荷因素对双任务研究范式姿势控制性能的影响,为动态稳定康复训练等提供理论依据。
方法:采用Motion三维运动捕捉系统采集16名普通男性大学生不同认知负荷行走时(零倍负荷、一倍负荷、二倍负荷和三倍负荷)的运动学数据,通过运动学数据间接计算得出动态稳定裕度值。其中认知单任务步行指行走+零倍认知负荷;认知双任务步行指行走+一、二、三倍认知负荷。使用单因素重复测量方差分析比较不同认知负荷行走时步态参数和动态稳定性的差异。
结果与结论:①与零倍负荷相比,其他认知负荷行走时步速、动态稳定裕度均降低(P < 0.05);②二倍认知负荷行走步速、步长低于一倍认知负荷行走(P < 0.05);二倍认知负荷步长低于零倍认知负荷行走(P < 0.05);③步宽参数在不同认知负荷行走时差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④提示随着认知负荷逐渐增加,青年人主要通过降低步速、减小步长,改变步态模式对认知任务介入做出回应;在双任务行走过程中,认知任务的介入不能影响步宽参数,在评价双任务康复训练方案的有效性时,不建议将步宽参数作为有效评价双任务姿势控制性能的指标;当认知负荷未超出人体总的注意力资源时,认知任务的介入会增加人体行走时左右方向的动态稳定性;对于青年人来说,不同认知负荷对姿势控制的影响差异较小,在实施双任务康复手段介入时,可以适当减少认知负荷的设置。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4710-411X (刘鑫玥)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 认知负荷, 双任务, 行走, 稳定性, 康复训练

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Maintaining postural stability during walking is critical for the prevention of falls, and how dynamic stability alters during cognitive dual-task walking remains controversial. 
OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of cognitive load factors on posture control performance of dual-task research paradigm by comparing the differences of dynamic stability during walking under four different cognitive loads, and to provide theoretical basis for dynamic stability rehabilitation training. 
METHODS: The Motion three-dimensional motion capture system was used to collect the kinematic data of 16 male college students during walking under different cognitive loads (zero load, one load, double load and triple load), and the dynamic stability margin was calculated indirectly through the kinematic data. Among them, cognitive single-task walking refers to walking + zero times cognitive load; cognitive dual-task walking refers to walking + one, two, and three times cognitive load. Univariate repeated measure analysis of variance was used to compare the differences of gait parameters and dynamic stability under different cognitive loads.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with zero load, walking speed and dynamic stability margin of other cognitive loads were decreased (P < 0.05). (2) Walking speed and step length of double cognitive load were lower than those of one cognitive load (P < 0.05). The step length of double cognitive load was lower than that of zero cognitive load (P < 0.05). (3) Step width parameters had no statistical significance when walking under different cognitive loads (P > 0.05). (4) It is indicated that with the increase of cognitive load, young adults responded to the intervention of cognitive task mainly by decreasing stride speed and stride length and changing gait pattern. During dual-task walking, the intervention of cognitive task did not affect step width parameters, and it is not recommended to use step width parameters as an effective indicator to evaluate the performance of dual-task posture control when evaluating the effectiveness of dual-task rehabilitation training program. When the cognitive load did not exceed the total attention resources of the human body, the intervention of cognitive task increased the dynamic stability of the left and right directions during walking. For young people, different cognitive loads have little influence on postural control, and the setting of cognitive load can be appropriately reduced when implementing dual-task rehabilitation intervention. 

Key words: cognitive load, double tasks, walking, stability, rehabilitation training

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