中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (18): 2900-2905.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2668

• 骨与关节图像与影像Bone and joint imaging • 上一篇    下一篇

椎体内裂隙征引起的椎体动态不稳与神经功能损伤的关系

孙亦强1,王秀双2,李建军3,王  欣1,赵子豪1,邢建强1,田  霖1,耿晓鹏1   

  1. 1滨州医学院附属医院脊柱外科,山东省滨州市  256603;2惠民县人民医院脊柱关节科,山东省滨州市  251700;3滨州市人民医院骨科,山东省滨州市  256603
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-07 修回日期:2019-11-14 接受日期:2019-12-19 出版日期:2020-06-28 发布日期:2020-04-03
  • 通讯作者: 耿晓鹏,博士,副教授,滨州医学院附属医院脊柱外科,山东省滨州市 256603
  • 作者简介:孙亦强,男,1993年生,山东省沾化县人,汉族,滨州医学院在读硕士,主要从事脊柱外科方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2017LH020)

Relationship between vertebral instability caused by intravertebral clefts and neurologic injury 

Sun Yiqiang1, Wang Xiushuang2, Li Jianjun3, Wang Xin1, Zhao Zihao1, Xing Jianqiang1, Tian Lin1, Geng Xiaopeng1   

  1. 1Department of Spinal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, Shandong Province, China; 2Department of Spine and Joint, the People’s Hospital of Huimin, Binzhou 251700, Shandong Province, China; 3Department of Orthopedics, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou 256603, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2019-11-07 Revised:2019-11-14 Accepted:2019-12-19 Online:2020-06-28 Published:2020-04-03
  • Contact: Geng Xiaopeng, MD, Associate professor, Department of Spinal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Sun Yiqiang, Master candidate, Department of Spinal Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, No. ZR2017LH020

摘要:

文题释义:

椎体内裂隙征:Maldague于1978年最先描述了这种现象,在骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者的X射线片上,塌陷椎体的终板附近可见到线形或半月形的低密度影,这种现象被认为与椎体缺血坏死以及受累椎体的椎体不稳定性有关;椎体内裂隙征会导致患者腰背痛程度更重,持续时间更长,严重者还会伴有神经损害。

迟发性神经功能损害:骨质疏松性椎体骨折发生早期患者往往没有神经损害症状,而是在椎体塌陷进展过程中隐蔽和缓慢出现感觉和/或运动受累,并且在坐位和/或站立位出现下肢顽固性疼痛,卧位时改善(姿势性腿痛),多名学者将这种现象称为迟发性神经功能损害。可能与以下几种因素有关:①椎体塌陷引起的进展性脊柱后凸;②继发于后移的骨块引起的神经受压;③受累椎体内骨折部位的不稳定。

背景:目前国内外对于骨质疏松性椎体骨折合并椎体内裂隙征临床症状的细节尚不清楚。

目的:分析合并椎体内裂隙征的骨质疏松性骨折患者临床症状与影像学表现的关系。

方法:回顾分析168例单节段合并椎体内裂隙征的骨质疏松性骨折患者的临床资料,采用目测类比评分法和Oswestry功能障碍指数进行评估,同时记录迟发性神经功能损害的情况。采用X射线测量局部后凸角、椎体不稳定,通过CT判定椎体后壁骨折,分析合并椎体内裂隙征的骨质疏松性骨折患者临床症状与影像学表现的关系。

结果与结论:①在该组患者中,目测类比评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数分别为(7.7±1.6)分和(62.9±19.2)%,存在迟发性神经功能损害的患者有37例(22.0%),椎体局部后凸角与椎体不稳定分别为(16.8±7.7)°和(7.9±4.4)°,椎体后壁骨折的发生率为89.8%。②患者目测类比评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数均与椎体不稳定有显著相关性(r=0.33,P < 0.001;r=0.53,P < 0.001),但均与椎体局部后凸角呈弱相关性(r=-0.16,P=0.03;r=-0.16,P=0.03)。③存在迟发性神经功能损害的患者椎体不稳定程度明显高于无迟发性神经功能损害的患者(P < 0.001),而两者的局部后凸角差异无显著性意义(P=0.18)。所有出现迟发性神经功能损害的患者均存在椎体后壁骨折,但存在椎体后壁骨折的患者大约有2/3表现出迟发性神经功能损害。④结果表明椎体不稳定是导致合并椎体内裂隙征的骨质疏松性骨折患者临床症状的因素之一,椎体不稳定可能是导致迟发性神经功能损害的主要原因。为了有效治疗合并椎体内裂隙征骨质疏松性骨折患者的腰背部疼痛和迟发性神经功能损害,控制合并椎体内裂隙征的骨质疏松性骨折患者的椎体不稳定具有重要意义。

ORCID: 0000-0002-4196-424X(孙亦强)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨质疏松性骨折, 椎体内裂隙征, 迟发性神经功能损害, 椎体不稳定, Kümmell’s病

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The details of clinical symptoms of osteoporotic vertebral fracture with intravertebral clefts are poorly understood at present.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between clinical symptoms and imaging features of osteoporotic vertebral fracture with intravertebral clefts.

METHODS: Clinical data of 168 patients with single-level osteoporotic vertebral fracture with intravertebral clefts were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical symptoms were evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale score and Oswestry Disability Index. The incidence of delayed neurologic deficit was recorded. X-ray was used to measure the local kyphosis angle and vertebral instability, and CT was used to diagnose the posterior wall fracture of the vertebral body. The relationship between clinical symptoms and imaging features of osteoporotic vertebral fracture with intravertebral clefts was analyzed.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The Visual Analogue Scale score and Oswestry Disability Index were 7.7±1.6 and (62.9±19.2)%, respectively. Delayed neurologic deficit occurred in 37 patients (22.0%). Local kyphosis angle and vertebral instability was (16.8±7.7)° and (7.9±4.4)°, respectively. The incidence of posterior wall fracture was 89.8%. (2) The Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index were significantly correlated with vertebral instability (r=0.33, P < 0.001; r=0.53, P < 0.001), but had weak correlation with local kyphosis angle (r=-0.16, P=0.03; r=-0.16, P=0.03). (3) The incidence of vertebral instability in patients with delayed neurologic deficit was significantly higher than that in patients without delayed neurologic deficit (P < 0.001), but there was no difference in local kyphosis angle between two groups (P=0.18). All patients with delayed neurologic deficit had posterior wall fracture, but only 2/3 patients with posterior wall fracture had delayed neurologic deficit. (4) In summary, vertebral instability is one of the factors leading to clinical symptoms of osteoporotic vertebral fracture patients with intravertebral clefts. The vertebral instability may be the main cause of delayed neurologic deficit. In order to treat back pain and delayed neurologic deficit effectively, it is important to control vertebral instability of osteoporotic vertebral fracture patients with intravertebral clefts.

Key words: osteoporotic vertebral fracture, intravertebral clefts, delayed neurologic deficit, vertebral instability, Kümmell’s disease

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