中国组织工程研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (33): 5389-5394.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.33.026

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

盆腔内筋膜的解剖结构及神经走形:避免修复中的损伤

周乐群1,李文睿2,张卫光3   

  1. 1北京大学第三临床医学院,北京市  100191; 2北京大学第二临床医学院,北京市  100044; 3北京大学基础医学院人体解剖学与组织胚胎学系,北京市  100191
  • 出版日期:2015-08-13 发布日期:2015-08-13
  • 通讯作者: 张卫光,博士,教授, 北京大学基础医学院人体解剖学与组织胚胎学系,北京市 100191
  • 作者简介:周乐群,女,1993年生,北京市人,汉族,北京大学在读硕博连读,主要从事盆部的临床神经解剖学研究。
  • 基金资助:

    首都市民健康项目(Z12110000531)

Understanding on the anatomy of the pelvic fascia and nerve structure: avoiding intraoperative nerve damage

Zhou Le-qun1, Li Wen-rui2, Zhang Wei-guang3   

  1. 1Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; 2Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; 3Department of Human Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
  • Online:2015-08-13 Published:2015-08-13
  • Contact: Zhang Wei-guang, M.D., Professor, Department of Human Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
  • About author:Zhou Le-qun, Studying for doctorate, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
  • Supported by:

    the Capital Public Health Project, No. Z12110000531

摘要:

背景:盆腔内走行着大量支配泌尿生殖等系统脏器的神经,包括内脏神经和脊神经两种,每一种均由运动神经和感觉神经两种成分组成。其中内脏神经的核心为盆丛。1982年,Heald提出的全直肠系膜切除已经成为直肠癌诊疗的“金标准”。但术中极易损伤神经,导致术后出现尿潴留、性功能障碍等并发症。

目的:综述前人的研究,以明确盆腔内筋膜的解剖结构和神经走形。

方法:以“splanchnic nerves,superior hypogastric plexus,pelvic plexus,pelvic splanchnic nerve,total mesorectal excision(TME),clinical anatomy”为关键词,检索2000年1月至2015年1月PubMed数据库中关于盆腔内神经及相关脊神经的走形和成分、盆腔内神经节及相关脏器反射等研究,以盆腔内的神经为主。

结果与结论:盆腔内的主要内脏神经丛为:①上腹下丛:主体位于由左、右髂总动脉和骶岬围成的髂间三角内,左髂总静脉和第5腰椎前面。②盆丛:腹下神经、盆内脏神经、骶内脏神经在直肠侧面的后下方1/3处汇合形成神经丛,也称下腹下丛,位于输尿管后下方、膀胱及精囊腺的背侧。由内脏神经丛发出的神经包含交感神经、副交感神经及感觉神经3种成分,走行分布在盆腔各脏器表面,支配其运动与感觉功能。明确的盆腔内筋膜的解剖结构和神经走形是全直肠系膜切除成功的关键,可在手术中最大程度避免神经损伤,提高患者预后及生活质量。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

关键词: 组织构建, 组织工程, 内脏神经, 上腹下丛, 盆丛, 盆内脏神经, 全直肠系膜切除术, 临床解剖

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The pelvic nerves innervate the pelvic viscera as well as bring sensory information to the central nerve system, including splanchnic nerves and spinal nerves. Each of them comprises both motor fibers and sensitive fibers. Mostly, the key part of splanchnic plexus is pelvic plexus. Total mesorectal excision proposed by Heald in 1982 has been the “gold standard” for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. However, it carries a high risk of nerve damage during surgery, which results in urinary retention, sexual dysfunction and other complications.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the former researches so as to get a precise understanding of the pelvic fascia and nerve structure.

METHODS: Using “splanchnic nerves, superior hypogastric plexus, pelvic plexus, pelvic splanchnic nerve, total mesorectal excision (TME), clinical anatomy” as key words, a computer-based search of PubMed was done for articles related to the pelvic nerves, including its pathway, consistent, ganglia, and reflection in pelvic viscera, published from 2000 to 2015.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The main splanchnic plexus in the pelvic cavity includes superior hypogastric plexus (it is located in the triangle formed by left and right common iliac artery and the sacral promontory), and pelvic plexus (hypogastric nerve, pelvic splanchnic nerve and sacral splanchnic nerve converge at the bottom of rectum, formed pelvic plexus, also known as the inferior hypogastric plexus). It is flattened against the lateral aspect of the rectum, the dorso-lateral bladder wall and the seminal vesicles. Nerves come from the plexus contain the sympathetic nerve, parasympathetic nerve and sensory nerve. They are in charge of the motions and sensations of the pelvic organs. The definite knowledge on the anatomy of pelvic fascia and nerve structures can avoid nerve damage during operation, which can help to improve the life quality of patients.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

Key words: Splanchnic Nerves, Abdomen, Pelvis

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