中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2010, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (44): 8283-8287.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.44.029

• 器官移植学术探讨 academic discussion of organ transplantation • 上一篇    下一篇

异种器官移植的研究进展

周  松，彭龙开，谢续标，余少杰   

  1. 中南大学湘雅二医院泌外器官移植科，湖南省长沙市  410011
  • 出版日期:2010-10-29 发布日期:2010-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 彭龙开，主任医师，教授，博士生导师，中南大学湘雅二医院泌外器官移植科，湖南省长沙市 410011 plk3000@yahoo.com.cn
  • 作者简介:周松★，男，1984年生，湖南省长沙市人，汉族，中南大学湘雅二医院在读硕士，主要从事肾移植基础及临床研究。 23493313@qq.com

Progress of xenotransplantation

Zhou Song, Peng Long-kai, Xie Xu-biao, Yu Shao-jie   

  1. Department of Urologic Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha  410011, Hunan Province, China
  • Online:2010-10-29 Published:2010-10-29
  • Contact: Peng Long-kai, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Urologic Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China plk3000@yahoo.com.cn
  • About author:Zhou Song★, Studying for master’s degree, Department of Urologic Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China 23493313@qq.com

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摘要：

背景：随着基础研究的不断深入和临床移植技术的日益完善，器官移植已经成为治疗终末期器官疾病的首选方法。供体的严重短缺使异种移植成为近年的研究热点。
目的：就异种器官移植的历史、沿袭、移植后的排斥反应和猪内源性反转录病毒感染及可能的解决途径等方面进行综述。
方法：由第一作者检索1997/2009 PubMed数据库、SCI检索、万方数据库及中国知网有关异种器官移植的历史、沿袭、移植后的排斥反应和猪内源性反转录病毒感染及可能的解决途径等方面的文献，英文检索词为“xenotransplantation，porcine，rejection，PERV”，中文检索词为“异种器官移植；猪；排斥反应；猪内源性反转录病毒”。
结果与结论：人们对异种器官移植做了大量的研究，猪作为异种器官移植的供体具有得天独厚的条件。然而异种器官移植相对于同种器官移植存在更为复杂的排斥反应，猪内源性反转录病毒感染的风险也不容忽视。通过选择合适的猪种系(特别是小型猪等优良品种) 利用基因工程技术改造动物、开发新的抗病毒药物及疫苗和不断完善的检测手段以及寻找合适的动物模型对猪内源性反转录病毒进行研究探索，可以把猪内源性反转录病毒种间传播的可能性降至最低，为以猪供体的异种移植开发更好的前景。目前人们对于异种器官移植的排斥反应和猪内源性反转录病毒感染的机制及可能的解决途径等方面有了深入的了解。然而，异种移植运用于临床还有很长的路要走。

关键词: 异种器官移植, 猪, 排斥反应, 猪内源性反转录病毒, 基因工程

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: With the constant deepening of the basic research and improving of clinical transplantation technology, organ transplantation has become the preferred treatment for end-stage organ disease. Recently, xenotransplantation has become a hotspot research because of a serious shortage of human donor. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize research of xenotransplantation in the aspects of history, rejection, porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) infection and the solving approach.
METHODS: Databases of PubMed, SCI, Wangfang and CNKI were searched by the first author with key words of “xenotransplantation, Porcine, rejection and PERV” to search literatures concerning history, rejection, PERV infection and the solving approach of xenotransplantation. The language was limited for Chinese and English. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Most xenotransplantation studies have been done, which showed pig has unique condition as donor source of human organ-transplantation. However, xenotransplantation would appear more complex transplant rejection than homeotransplantation, and the potential threat of PERV infection to humans is indispensable. Selecting suitable porcine species (especially the miniature pig), modifying animals using genetic engineering technology, and developing new antiviral drug, improving detection means, as well as establishing models to research PERV, could drop the possibility of PERV transmission to the lowest. The mechanisms and possible solving methods have been in-depth understood, but the clinical application of xenotransplantation has a long way to go.

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