中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (30): 7971-7978.doi: 10.12307/2026.953

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

仿生梯度支架修复大段骨缺损:梯度结构-免疫调控-时空控释协同策略

王  浩1,陈仁场1,田轩赫1,梁松林1,曲新田1,郭玉祺1,夏  崴2,吴亚东1,3,李念虎1,4   

  1. 1山东中医药大学第一临床医学院,山东省济南市   250000;2丹阳市中医院,江苏省镇江市   212399;3日照市中医院,山东省日照市   276800;4山东中医药大学附属医院,山东省济南市   250014
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-07 修回日期:2026-05-30 出版日期:2026-10-28 发布日期:2026-09-14
  • 通讯作者: 吴亚东,硕士生导师,副主任医师,山东中医药大学第一临床医学院,山东省济南市 250000;日照市中医院,山东省日照市 276800 共同通讯作者:李念虎,博士生导师,教授,主任医师,山东中医药大学第一临床医学院,山东省济南市 250000;山东中医药大学附属医院,山东省济南市 250014
  • 作者简介:王浩,2000年生,汉族,山东中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事脊柱脊髓与骨关节疾病研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021LZY006),项目负责人:吴亚东;山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MH063),项目负责人:李念虎;山东省医药卫生重点项目(202404071248),项目负责人:吴亚东;北京恒济卫生管理发展基金临床科研专项资助基金(2023HJ002),项目负责人:吴亚东

Repair of large bone defects using bionic gradient scaffolds: a synergistic strategy combining gradient structure, immunomodulation, and spatiotemporal controlled release

Wang Hao1, Chen Renchang1, Tian Xuanhe1, Liang Songlin1, Qu Xintian1, Guo Yuqi1, Xia Wei2, Wu Yadong1, 3, Li Nianhu1, 4   

  1. 1First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China; 2Danyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhenjiang 212399, Jiangsu Province, China; 3Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao 276800, Shandong Province, China; 4Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2026-05-07 Revised:2026-05-30 Online:2026-10-28 Published:2026-09-14
  • Contact: Wu Yadong, Master’s supervisor, Associate chief physician, First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China; Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao 276800, Shandong Province, China Co-corresponding author: Li Nianhu, Doctoral supervisor, Professor, Chief physician, First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China; Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong
  • About author:Wang Hao, MS candidate, First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Nos. ZR2021LZY006 (to WYD) and ZR2023MH063 (to LNH); Shandong Provincial Key Project in Medicine and Health, No. 202404071248 (to WYD); Beijing Hengji Health Management Development Fund - Clinical Research Special Grant, No. 2023HJ002 (to WYD)

摘要:


文题释义:
仿生骨梯度支架:是模拟天然骨成分、结构、力学性能等多维度连续梯度特征构建的骨组织工程支架,区别于传统均质支架,可通过光固化3D打印、3D生物打印等技术制备,能实现成分、孔径、力学模量的梯度设计,既为骨缺损提供力学支撑,又可定向调控宿主免疫细胞行为,还能作为活性分子载体实现分区负载,是大段骨缺损修复的核心仿生材料。
免疫时空协同策略:是面向大段骨缺损修复以仿生骨梯度支架为核心载体的协同调控策略,通过支架梯度结构实现空间上的免疫微环境定向调控,结合微球封装、刺激响应性载体等技术实现活性分子在时间上的程序性释放,让免疫调控与活性分子控释在时空维度匹配骨再生的炎症消退、血管生成、成骨分化时序需求,协同重塑利于骨整合的修复微环境。

背景:严重创伤导致的大尺寸骨缺损极难自愈,核心障碍在于缺血性坏死与局部免疫炎症失调。近年来,能主动调控再生微环境的“仿生骨梯度支架”成为破局关键。然而,目前多项研究仍局限于单一优化支架结构或单纯投递药物,缺乏有机协同,导致临床疗效常遇瓶颈。
目的:旨在打破既往单一视角的局限,提出“梯度结构-免疫调控-时空控释”三效协同的理论框架,为研发下一代智能原位骨修复材料提供鲜明的战略指引。
方法:检索PubMed、中国知网等数据库在2017年1月至2026年3月收录的中英文文献。严格筛选并聚焦于仿生骨梯度支架、免疫微环境及多因子时序递送机制,最终提取103篇高水平原始研究与转化案例进行深度剖析。
结果与结论:最新研究表明,利用先进3D打印构建的多维梯度支架,不仅完美提供天然机械支撑,更能定向诱导免疫巨噬细胞向“促愈合”方向转变。更关键的是,将智能控释系统嵌合于支架中,能让辅助再生的活性因子实现“正确时间、正确位置”的释放,完美契合骨再生“早期消炎-中期长血管-晚期成骨”的自然节律。“梯度结构-免疫调控-时空控释”的多元协同是当前修复各类大段骨缺损的最优解。未来该领域的终极趋势是研发具备“缺损区微环境实时感知与动态自适应响应”的极智生物材料。
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6316-3572 (王浩) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词:

仿生骨梯度支架, 大段骨缺损, 免疫微环境重塑, 时空序贯控释, 血管-成骨耦合, 智能响应材料, 骨组织工程

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Large bone defects caused by severe trauma are extremely difficult to heal spontaneously, with the core obstacles being ischemic necrosis and local immune inflammatory dysregulation. In recent years, “biomimetic gradient bone scaffolds” capable of actively regulating the regenerative microenvironment have emerged as a key breakthrough. However, many current studies are still limited to simply optimizing scaffold structures or delivering drugs alone, lacking organic synergy, which often leads to clinical efficacy bottlenecks.
OBJECTIVE: To break through the limitations of previous single-perspective approaches and propose for the first time a theoretical framework of “gradient structure–immunomodulation–spatiotemporal controlled release” synergy, providing a clear strategic direction for the development of next-generation intelligent in situ bone repair materials.
METHODS: Chinese and English literature published from January 2017 to March 2026 was retrieved from major databases including PubMed and CNKI. After rigorous screening focused on biomimetic gradient bone scaffolds, immune microenvironment, and multi-factor sequential release mechanisms, 103 high-quality original studies and translational cases were finally selected for in-depth analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Recent studies have shown that multidimensional gradient scaffolds constructed using advanced three-dimensional printing not only provide perfect natural mechanical support but also directionally induce immune macrophages to shift toward a “pro-healing” phenotype. More importantly, integrating an intelligent controlled-release system into the scaffold allows bioactive factors that assist regeneration to be released at the “right time and right place,” perfectly matching the natural rhythm of bone regeneration (“early anti-inflammation–mid-stage angiogenesis–late osteogenesis”). The multi-dimensional synergy of “gradient structure–immunomodulation–spatiotemporal controlled release” represents the current optimal solution for repairing various types of large bone defects. The ultimate trend in this field is the development of extremely intelligent biomaterials with “real-time sensing and dynamic adaptive response to the defect microenvironment.”  

Key words:

biomimetic gradient bone scaffold, large bone defect, immune microenvironment remodeling, spatiotemporal sequential controlled release, vascular-osteogenic coupling, smart responsive material, bone tissue engineering




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